1887
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. Discourse, Politics and Women as Global Leaders
  4. Chapter

Chapter 3. Under fire

Pronominal use and leadership in the discourse of Helle Thorning-Schmidt

image of Chapter 3. Under fire

The chapter addresses Helle Thorning-Schmidt’s performance of leadership through an analysis of her use of 1st person pronouns in two news interviews, one in Danish and the other in English. The analysis reveals a preference for the collective perspective, particularly in the Danish interview. Through strategies of shifting, blurring, aligning and contesting perspective, Thorning-Schmidt deals with issues of crisis and identity management. There are indications that she is operating with notions of transformational leadership, blended with characteristics of transactional leadership. Although a transformational leadership style is argued by some to be more feminine, I suggest that gender aspects are more apparent in relation to Thorning-Schmidt’s authenticity and legitimacy as a social democrat in the national, but not the international, context.

  • Affiliations: 1: University of Southern Denmark

References

  1. Aijmer, Karin
    1997 “I Think - An English Modal Particle.” InModality in Germanic Languages. Historical and Comparative Perspectives, edited by Toril Swan and Olaf Jansen Westvik , 1-47. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110889932.1
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110889932.1 [Google Scholar]
  2. Anthias, Floya
    2012 “Hierarchies of Social Location, Class and Intersectionality: Towards a Translocational Frame.” International Sociology28(1): 121-138. doi: 10.1177/0268580912463155
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580912463155 [Google Scholar]
  3. Baur, Nina and Stefanie Ernst
    2011 “Towards a Process-Oriented Methodology. Modern Social Science Research Methods and Norbert Elias’ Concepts on Figurational Sociology.” Sociological Review59(2): 117-139. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑954X.2011.01981.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.01981.x [Google Scholar]
  4. Bavelas, Janet Beavin , Alex Black , Nicole Chovil , and Jennifer Mullett
    1990 Equivocal Communication. Newbury Park: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bell, Mark R
    2013 “Charismatic Leadership Case Study with Ronald Reagan as Exemplar.” Emerging Leadership Journeys6(1): 66-74.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Berger, Michele Tracy and Katheleen Guidroz
    eds. 2010 The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy Through Race, Class, and Gender. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bligh, Michelle C. , Jeffrey C. Kohles , and James R. Meindi
    2004 “Charisma Under Crisis: Presidential Leadership, Rhetoric, and Media Responses Before and After the September 11th Terrorist Attacks.” The Leadership Quarterly15(2): 211-239. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.005 [Google Scholar]
  8. Blondel, Jean and Jean-Louis Thiebault
    2010 Political Leadership, Parties and Citizens: The Personalisation of Leadership. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Boin, Arjen , Paul ‘t Hart , and Allan McConnell
    2009 “Crisis Exploitation: Political and Policy Impacts of Framing Contests.” Journal of European Public Policy16(1): 81-106. doi: 10.1080/13501760802453221
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802453221 [Google Scholar]
  10. Borchorst, Anette
    2013 “Gender and the State.” InIntroduction to Political Sociology, edited by Benedikte Brinker , 91-108. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzel.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Bucholtz, Mary
    2001 “Reflexivity and Critique in Discourse Analysis.” Critique of Anthropology21(2): 165–183. doi: 10.1177/0308275X0102100203
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X0102100203 [Google Scholar]
  12. Bucholtz, Mary and Kira Hall
    2005 “Identity and Interaction: A Sociocultural Linguistic Approach.” Discourse Studies7(4-5): 585-614. doi: 10.1177/1461445605054407
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407 [Google Scholar]
  13. Bull, Peter and Anita Fetzer
    2006 “Who Are We and Who Are You?: The Strategic Use of Forms of Address in Political Interviews.” Text and Talk26(1): 1-35. doi: 10.1515/TEXT.2006.001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2006.001 [Google Scholar]
  14. Burns, George MacGregor
    1978 Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Bystrom, Dianne G. , Terry Robertson , Mary Christine Banwart , and Lynda Lee Kaid
    eds. 2004 Gender and Candidate Communication: VideoStyle, WebStyle, NewStyle. New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Campus, Donatella
    2013 Women Political Leaders and the Media. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9781137295545
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137295545 [Google Scholar]
  17. Charteris-Black, Jonathan
    2007 The Communication of Leadership. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Chung, Cindie and James Pennebaker
    2007 “The Psychological Functions of Function Words.” InSocial Communication, edited by Klaus Fiedler , 343-359. New York: Psychology Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Clayman, Stephen and John Heritage
    2002 The News Interview: Journalists and Public Figures on the Air. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511613623
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613623 [Google Scholar]
  20. Cunliffe, Ann and Matthew Eriksen
    2011 “Relational leadership.” Human Relations64(11): 1425-1449. doi: 10.1177/0018726711418388
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726711418388 [Google Scholar]
  21. Dahl, Henrik
    2011 Spildte Kræfter. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. De Fina, Anna
    1995 “Pronominal Choice, Identity and Solidarity in Political Discourse.” Text15(3): 379-410.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Eagly, Alice
    2005 “Achieving Relational Authenticity in Leadership: Does Gender Matter?” The Leadership Quarterly16(3): 459– 474. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.007 [Google Scholar]
  24. Eilders, Christiane
    2000 “Media as Political Actors? Focusing and Selective Emphasis in the German Quality Press.” German Politics9(3): 181-206. doi: 10.1080/09644000008404613
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09644000008404613 [Google Scholar]
  25. Elias, Norbert
    1978 What is Sociology?London: Hutchison & Co Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Elmelund, Rasmus and Flores Phillip Egea
    2011 “En milepæl.” Information, September16. www.information.dk/279238
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Fairhurst, Gail. T
    2007 Discursive Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 2011 “Discursive Approaches to Leadership.” InThe Sage Handbook of Leadership, edited by Alan Bryman , David Collinson , Keith Grint , Brad Jackson , and Mary Uhl-Bien , 495-507. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Fairhurst, Gail T. , and Stacy Connaughton
    2014 “Leadership: A Communicative Perspective.” Leadership10(1): 7-35. doi: 10.1177/1742715013509396
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715013509396 [Google Scholar]
  30. Fiol, C. Marlene , Drew Harris , and Robert House
    1999 “Charismatic Leadership: Strategies for Effecting Social Change.” Leadership Quarterly10(3): 449-482. doi: 10.1016/S1048‑9843(99)00021‑1
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00021-1 [Google Scholar]
  31. Gee, James
    2005 An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method2nd Edition. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Giddens, Anthony
    1998 The Third Way. The Renewal of Social Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Grint, Keith
    2000 The Arts of Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 2010 Leadership: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/actrade/9780199569915.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199569915.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  35. Hartley, Jean and John Benington
    2011 “Political Leadership.” In The Sage Handbook of Leadership, edited by Alan Bryman , David Collinson , Keith Grint , Brad Jackson , and Mary Uhl-Bien , 203-214. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Hergel, Olav
    2011 “Portræt: Helle Thorning-Schmidt, den første af Danmark.” Politikenpolitiken.dk/indland/politik/ECE1394870/portraet-helle-thorning-schmidt-den-foerste-af-danmark/
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Ho, Victor
    2013 “Strategic Use of Nouns and Pronouns in Public Discourse: The Case of the Fine-tuning of the Medium of Instruction Policy in Hong Kong.” Pragmatics23(1): 51-67. doi: 10.1075/prag.23.1.03ho
     https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.1.03ho [Google Scholar]
  38. Hood, Jacqueline
    2003 “The Relationship of Leadership Style and CEO Values to Ethical Practices in Organizations.” Journal of Business Ethics43(4): 263-273. doi: 10.1023/A:1023085713600
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023085713600 [Google Scholar]
  39. Kark, Ronit
    2004 “The Transformational Leader: Who is (S)he? A Feminist Perspective.” Journal of Organizational Change Management17(2): 160-176. doi: 10.1108/09534810410530593
     https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410530593 [Google Scholar]
  40. Kärkkäinen, Elise
    2003 Epistemic Stance in English Conversation. A Description of Its Interactional Function With a Focus on I Think. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/pbns.115
     https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.115 [Google Scholar]
  41. Karvonen, Lauri
    2010 The Personalisation of Politics. A Study of Parliamentary Democracies. Colchester: ECPR Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Kent, Thomas W. , Carrie A. Blair , Howard F. Rudd , and Ulrich Schuele
    2010 “Gender Differences and Transformational Leadership Behavior: Do Both German Men and Women Lead in the Same Way?” International Journal of Leadership Studies6(1): 52-66.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Kent, Thomas W. , John C. Crotts , and Abdul Aziz
    2001 “Four Factors of Transformational Leadership Behaviour.” The Leadership & Organization Development Journal22(5): 221-229. doi: 10.1108/01437730110396366
     https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110396366 [Google Scholar]
  44. King, Anthony
    2002 “The Outsider as Political Leader: The Case of Margaret Thatcher.” British Journal of Political Science32(3): 435-454. doi: 10.1017/S0007123402000182
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123402000182 [Google Scholar]
  45. Ladkin, Donna
    2010 Rethinking Leadership. A New Look at Old Leadership Questions. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Lund, Anker Brink and Mark Blach-Ørsten
    2013 “Media and Politics.” InIntroduction to Political Sociology, edited by Benedikte Brinker , 153-170. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzel.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Masters, Adam and Paul ‘t Hart
    2012 “Prime Ministerial Rhetoric and Recession Politics: Meaning Making in Economic Crisis Management.” Public Administration90(3): 759-780. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑9299.2011.01966.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01966.x [Google Scholar]
  48. Mio, Jeffery S. , Ronald E. Riggio , Shana Levin , and Renford Reese
    2005 “Presidential Leadership and Charisma: The Effects of Metaphor.” The Leadership Quarterly16(2): 287-294 doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.01.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.01.005 [Google Scholar]
  49. Morrell, Kevin and Jean Hartley
    2006 “A Model of Political Leadership.” Human Relations59(4): 483-504. doi: 10.1177/0018726706065371
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706065371 [Google Scholar]
  50. Moustgaard, Ulrikke
    2004 Håndtasken, heksen og de blåøjede blondiner. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetsforlag/Center for Ligestillingsforskning.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Mughan, Anthony
    2000 Media and the Presidentialization of Parliamentary Elections. London: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9781403920126
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403920126 [Google Scholar]
  52. Nedergaard, Peter
    2013 “Med Thorning til Stauning.” Raeson13: 28-33. May, 9.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Nielsen, Jakob
    2007 Helle for magten. Copenhagen: Politiken.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Pakulski, Jan and András Körösény
    2011 Toward Leader Democracy. London: Anthem Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Peele, Gillian
    2005 “Leadership in Politics: A Case for a Closer Relationship.” Leadership1(2): 187-204. doi: 10.1177/1742715005051858
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715005051858 [Google Scholar]
  56. Pennebaker, James W
    2011 The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. 2009 “What is “I” saying?”The Language Log, August9. languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1651
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Peters, Guy B. and Ludger Helms
    2012 “Executive Leadership in Comparative Perspective: Politicians, Bureaucrats and Public Governance.” InComparative Political Leadership, edited by Ludger Helms , 25-55. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9781137264916.0005
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137264916.0005 [Google Scholar]
  59. Proctor, Katarzyna and Lily Su
    2011 “The 1st Person Plural in Political Discourse - American Politicians in Interviews and in a Debate.” Journal of Pragmatics43(13): 3251-3266. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2011.06.010
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.06.010 [Google Scholar]
  60. Sarros, James and Joseph Santora
    2001 “The Transformational‐transactional Leadership Model in Practice.” Leadership & Organization Development Journal22(8): 383-394. doi: 10.1108/01437730110410107
     https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110410107 [Google Scholar]
  61. Savage, Mike , Allan Warde , and Fiona Devine
    2005 “Capital, Assets and Resources: Some Critical Issues.” The British Journal of Sociology56(1): 31–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‑4446.2005.00045.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00045.x [Google Scholar]
  62. Seyranian, Viviane and Michelle Bligh
    2008 “Presidential Charismatic Leadership: Exploring the Rhetoric of Social Change.” The Leadership Quarterly19(1): 54-76. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.12.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.12.005 [Google Scholar]
  63. Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie
    1998 “I Think and Its Dutch Equivalents in Parliamentary Debates.”InCorpora and Cross-linguistic Research: Theory, Method, and Case Studies, edited by Stig Johansson and Signe Oksefjell , 297-317. Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. 2000 “The Functions of I Think in Political Discourse.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics10(1):41-63 doi: 10.1111/j.1473‑4192.2000.tb00139.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2000.tb00139.x [Google Scholar]
  65. Sinclair, Amanda
    2011 “Being Leaders: Identities and Identity Work in Leadership.” In The Sage Handbook of Leadership, edited by Alan Bryman , David Collinson , Keith Grint , Brad Jackson , and Mary Uhl-Bien , 508-517. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Suleiman, Camelia , Daniel C. O’Connell , and Sabine Kowal
    2002 “ʻIf You and I, If We, In This Later Day, Lose That Sacred Fire…’: Perspectives in Political Interviews.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research31(3): 269-288. doi: 10.1023/A:1015592129296
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015592129296 [Google Scholar]
  67. Suleiman, Camelia and Daniel C. O’Connell
    2008 “Race and Gender in Current American Politics: A Discourse-Analytic Perspective.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research37(6): 373-389. doi: 10.1007/s10936‑008‑9087‑x
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-008-9087-x [Google Scholar]
  68. Temmerman, Martina and Dave Sindardet
    2008 “Same Politicians, Different Journalists: Political Interviewing Styles on Dutch-Speaking and French-Speaking Public Television in Federal Belgium.” Synergy4(1): 39-58.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Toye, Richard
    2011 “The Rhetorical Premiership: A New Perspective on Prime Ministerial Power Since 1945.” Parliamentary History30(2): 175-192. doi: 10.1111/j.1750‑0206.2011.00247.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2011.00247.x [Google Scholar]
  70. Turner, John C. , Michael A. Hogg , Penelope J. Oakes , Steve D. Reicher , and Margaret S. Wetherell
    1987 Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Turner, John C. , Katherine J. Reynolds , and Emine Subasic
    2008 “Identity Confers Power: The New View of Leadership in Social Psychology.” InPublic Leadership – Perspectives and Practices, edited by Paul ‘T Hart and John Uhr , 57-72. Canberra: ANU E Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. van Krieken, Robert
    2001 “Norbert Elias and Process Sociology.” InThe Handbook of Social Theory, edited by George Ritzer and Barry Smart , 353-367. London: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781848608351.n27
     https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608351.n27 [Google Scholar]
  73. Wilson, John
    1990 Politically Speaking. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. 2003 “Political Discourse.” InThe Handbook of Discourse Analysis, edited by Deborah Schiffren , Deborah Tannen , and Heidi E. Hamilton , 398-415. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Wodak, Ruth
    2011 The Discourse of Politics in Action. Politics as Usual2nd Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9780230316539
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316539 [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Aijmer, Karin
    1997 “I Think - An English Modal Particle.” InModality in Germanic Languages. Historical and Comparative Perspectives, edited by Toril Swan and Olaf Jansen Westvik , 1-47. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110889932.1
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110889932.1 [Google Scholar]
  2. Anthias, Floya
    2012 “Hierarchies of Social Location, Class and Intersectionality: Towards a Translocational Frame.” International Sociology28(1): 121-138. doi: 10.1177/0268580912463155
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580912463155 [Google Scholar]
  3. Baur, Nina and Stefanie Ernst
    2011 “Towards a Process-Oriented Methodology. Modern Social Science Research Methods and Norbert Elias’ Concepts on Figurational Sociology.” Sociological Review59(2): 117-139. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑954X.2011.01981.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.01981.x [Google Scholar]
  4. Bavelas, Janet Beavin , Alex Black , Nicole Chovil , and Jennifer Mullett
    1990 Equivocal Communication. Newbury Park: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bell, Mark R
    2013 “Charismatic Leadership Case Study with Ronald Reagan as Exemplar.” Emerging Leadership Journeys6(1): 66-74.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Berger, Michele Tracy and Katheleen Guidroz
    eds. 2010 The Intersectional Approach: Transforming the Academy Through Race, Class, and Gender. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bligh, Michelle C. , Jeffrey C. Kohles , and James R. Meindi
    2004 “Charisma Under Crisis: Presidential Leadership, Rhetoric, and Media Responses Before and After the September 11th Terrorist Attacks.” The Leadership Quarterly15(2): 211-239. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.005 [Google Scholar]
  8. Blondel, Jean and Jean-Louis Thiebault
    2010 Political Leadership, Parties and Citizens: The Personalisation of Leadership. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Boin, Arjen , Paul ‘t Hart , and Allan McConnell
    2009 “Crisis Exploitation: Political and Policy Impacts of Framing Contests.” Journal of European Public Policy16(1): 81-106. doi: 10.1080/13501760802453221
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802453221 [Google Scholar]
  10. Borchorst, Anette
    2013 “Gender and the State.” InIntroduction to Political Sociology, edited by Benedikte Brinker , 91-108. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzel.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Bucholtz, Mary
    2001 “Reflexivity and Critique in Discourse Analysis.” Critique of Anthropology21(2): 165–183. doi: 10.1177/0308275X0102100203
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X0102100203 [Google Scholar]
  12. Bucholtz, Mary and Kira Hall
    2005 “Identity and Interaction: A Sociocultural Linguistic Approach.” Discourse Studies7(4-5): 585-614. doi: 10.1177/1461445605054407
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407 [Google Scholar]
  13. Bull, Peter and Anita Fetzer
    2006 “Who Are We and Who Are You?: The Strategic Use of Forms of Address in Political Interviews.” Text and Talk26(1): 1-35. doi: 10.1515/TEXT.2006.001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2006.001 [Google Scholar]
  14. Burns, George MacGregor
    1978 Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Bystrom, Dianne G. , Terry Robertson , Mary Christine Banwart , and Lynda Lee Kaid
    eds. 2004 Gender and Candidate Communication: VideoStyle, WebStyle, NewStyle. New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Campus, Donatella
    2013 Women Political Leaders and the Media. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9781137295545
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137295545 [Google Scholar]
  17. Charteris-Black, Jonathan
    2007 The Communication of Leadership. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Chung, Cindie and James Pennebaker
    2007 “The Psychological Functions of Function Words.” InSocial Communication, edited by Klaus Fiedler , 343-359. New York: Psychology Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Clayman, Stephen and John Heritage
    2002 The News Interview: Journalists and Public Figures on the Air. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511613623
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511613623 [Google Scholar]
  20. Cunliffe, Ann and Matthew Eriksen
    2011 “Relational leadership.” Human Relations64(11): 1425-1449. doi: 10.1177/0018726711418388
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726711418388 [Google Scholar]
  21. Dahl, Henrik
    2011 Spildte Kræfter. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. De Fina, Anna
    1995 “Pronominal Choice, Identity and Solidarity in Political Discourse.” Text15(3): 379-410.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Eagly, Alice
    2005 “Achieving Relational Authenticity in Leadership: Does Gender Matter?” The Leadership Quarterly16(3): 459– 474. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.03.007 [Google Scholar]
  24. Eilders, Christiane
    2000 “Media as Political Actors? Focusing and Selective Emphasis in the German Quality Press.” German Politics9(3): 181-206. doi: 10.1080/09644000008404613
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09644000008404613 [Google Scholar]
  25. Elias, Norbert
    1978 What is Sociology?London: Hutchison & Co Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Elmelund, Rasmus and Flores Phillip Egea
    2011 “En milepæl.” Information, September16. www.information.dk/279238
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Fairhurst, Gail. T
    2007 Discursive Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 2011 “Discursive Approaches to Leadership.” InThe Sage Handbook of Leadership, edited by Alan Bryman , David Collinson , Keith Grint , Brad Jackson , and Mary Uhl-Bien , 495-507. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Fairhurst, Gail T. , and Stacy Connaughton
    2014 “Leadership: A Communicative Perspective.” Leadership10(1): 7-35. doi: 10.1177/1742715013509396
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715013509396 [Google Scholar]
  30. Fiol, C. Marlene , Drew Harris , and Robert House
    1999 “Charismatic Leadership: Strategies for Effecting Social Change.” Leadership Quarterly10(3): 449-482. doi: 10.1016/S1048‑9843(99)00021‑1
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00021-1 [Google Scholar]
  31. Gee, James
    2005 An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method2nd Edition. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Giddens, Anthony
    1998 The Third Way. The Renewal of Social Democracy. Cambridge: Polity.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Grint, Keith
    2000 The Arts of Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 2010 Leadership: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/actrade/9780199569915.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199569915.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  35. Hartley, Jean and John Benington
    2011 “Political Leadership.” In The Sage Handbook of Leadership, edited by Alan Bryman , David Collinson , Keith Grint , Brad Jackson , and Mary Uhl-Bien , 203-214. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Hergel, Olav
    2011 “Portræt: Helle Thorning-Schmidt, den første af Danmark.” Politikenpolitiken.dk/indland/politik/ECE1394870/portraet-helle-thorning-schmidt-den-foerste-af-danmark/
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Ho, Victor
    2013 “Strategic Use of Nouns and Pronouns in Public Discourse: The Case of the Fine-tuning of the Medium of Instruction Policy in Hong Kong.” Pragmatics23(1): 51-67. doi: 10.1075/prag.23.1.03ho
     https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.1.03ho [Google Scholar]
  38. Hood, Jacqueline
    2003 “The Relationship of Leadership Style and CEO Values to Ethical Practices in Organizations.” Journal of Business Ethics43(4): 263-273. doi: 10.1023/A:1023085713600
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023085713600 [Google Scholar]
  39. Kark, Ronit
    2004 “The Transformational Leader: Who is (S)he? A Feminist Perspective.” Journal of Organizational Change Management17(2): 160-176. doi: 10.1108/09534810410530593
     https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810410530593 [Google Scholar]
  40. Kärkkäinen, Elise
    2003 Epistemic Stance in English Conversation. A Description of Its Interactional Function With a Focus on I Think. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/pbns.115
     https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.115 [Google Scholar]
  41. Karvonen, Lauri
    2010 The Personalisation of Politics. A Study of Parliamentary Democracies. Colchester: ECPR Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Kent, Thomas W. , Carrie A. Blair , Howard F. Rudd , and Ulrich Schuele
    2010 “Gender Differences and Transformational Leadership Behavior: Do Both German Men and Women Lead in the Same Way?” International Journal of Leadership Studies6(1): 52-66.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Kent, Thomas W. , John C. Crotts , and Abdul Aziz
    2001 “Four Factors of Transformational Leadership Behaviour.” The Leadership & Organization Development Journal22(5): 221-229. doi: 10.1108/01437730110396366
     https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110396366 [Google Scholar]
  44. King, Anthony
    2002 “The Outsider as Political Leader: The Case of Margaret Thatcher.” British Journal of Political Science32(3): 435-454. doi: 10.1017/S0007123402000182
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123402000182 [Google Scholar]
  45. Ladkin, Donna
    2010 Rethinking Leadership. A New Look at Old Leadership Questions. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Lund, Anker Brink and Mark Blach-Ørsten
    2013 “Media and Politics.” InIntroduction to Political Sociology, edited by Benedikte Brinker , 153-170. Copenhagen: Hans Reitzel.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Masters, Adam and Paul ‘t Hart
    2012 “Prime Ministerial Rhetoric and Recession Politics: Meaning Making in Economic Crisis Management.” Public Administration90(3): 759-780. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑9299.2011.01966.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01966.x [Google Scholar]
  48. Mio, Jeffery S. , Ronald E. Riggio , Shana Levin , and Renford Reese
    2005 “Presidential Leadership and Charisma: The Effects of Metaphor.” The Leadership Quarterly16(2): 287-294 doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.01.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.01.005 [Google Scholar]
  49. Morrell, Kevin and Jean Hartley
    2006 “A Model of Political Leadership.” Human Relations59(4): 483-504. doi: 10.1177/0018726706065371
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706065371 [Google Scholar]
  50. Moustgaard, Ulrikke
    2004 Håndtasken, heksen og de blåøjede blondiner. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitetsforlag/Center for Ligestillingsforskning.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Mughan, Anthony
    2000 Media and the Presidentialization of Parliamentary Elections. London: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9781403920126
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403920126 [Google Scholar]
  52. Nedergaard, Peter
    2013 “Med Thorning til Stauning.” Raeson13: 28-33. May, 9.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Nielsen, Jakob
    2007 Helle for magten. Copenhagen: Politiken.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Pakulski, Jan and András Körösény
    2011 Toward Leader Democracy. London: Anthem Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Peele, Gillian
    2005 “Leadership in Politics: A Case for a Closer Relationship.” Leadership1(2): 187-204. doi: 10.1177/1742715005051858
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715005051858 [Google Scholar]
  56. Pennebaker, James W
    2011 The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say About Us. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. 2009 “What is “I” saying?”The Language Log, August9. languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1651
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Peters, Guy B. and Ludger Helms
    2012 “Executive Leadership in Comparative Perspective: Politicians, Bureaucrats and Public Governance.” InComparative Political Leadership, edited by Ludger Helms , 25-55. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9781137264916.0005
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137264916.0005 [Google Scholar]
  59. Proctor, Katarzyna and Lily Su
    2011 “The 1st Person Plural in Political Discourse - American Politicians in Interviews and in a Debate.” Journal of Pragmatics43(13): 3251-3266. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2011.06.010
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.06.010 [Google Scholar]
  60. Sarros, James and Joseph Santora
    2001 “The Transformational‐transactional Leadership Model in Practice.” Leadership & Organization Development Journal22(8): 383-394. doi: 10.1108/01437730110410107
     https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730110410107 [Google Scholar]
  61. Savage, Mike , Allan Warde , and Fiona Devine
    2005 “Capital, Assets and Resources: Some Critical Issues.” The British Journal of Sociology56(1): 31–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‑4446.2005.00045.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00045.x [Google Scholar]
  62. Seyranian, Viviane and Michelle Bligh
    2008 “Presidential Charismatic Leadership: Exploring the Rhetoric of Social Change.” The Leadership Quarterly19(1): 54-76. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.12.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.12.005 [Google Scholar]
  63. Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie
    1998 “I Think and Its Dutch Equivalents in Parliamentary Debates.”InCorpora and Cross-linguistic Research: Theory, Method, and Case Studies, edited by Stig Johansson and Signe Oksefjell , 297-317. Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. 2000 “The Functions of I Think in Political Discourse.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics10(1):41-63 doi: 10.1111/j.1473‑4192.2000.tb00139.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2000.tb00139.x [Google Scholar]
  65. Sinclair, Amanda
    2011 “Being Leaders: Identities and Identity Work in Leadership.” In The Sage Handbook of Leadership, edited by Alan Bryman , David Collinson , Keith Grint , Brad Jackson , and Mary Uhl-Bien , 508-517. London: Sage.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Suleiman, Camelia , Daniel C. O’Connell , and Sabine Kowal
    2002 “ʻIf You and I, If We, In This Later Day, Lose That Sacred Fire…’: Perspectives in Political Interviews.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research31(3): 269-288. doi: 10.1023/A:1015592129296
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015592129296 [Google Scholar]
  67. Suleiman, Camelia and Daniel C. O’Connell
    2008 “Race and Gender in Current American Politics: A Discourse-Analytic Perspective.” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research37(6): 373-389. doi: 10.1007/s10936‑008‑9087‑x
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-008-9087-x [Google Scholar]
  68. Temmerman, Martina and Dave Sindardet
    2008 “Same Politicians, Different Journalists: Political Interviewing Styles on Dutch-Speaking and French-Speaking Public Television in Federal Belgium.” Synergy4(1): 39-58.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Toye, Richard
    2011 “The Rhetorical Premiership: A New Perspective on Prime Ministerial Power Since 1945.” Parliamentary History30(2): 175-192. doi: 10.1111/j.1750‑0206.2011.00247.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.2011.00247.x [Google Scholar]
  70. Turner, John C. , Michael A. Hogg , Penelope J. Oakes , Steve D. Reicher , and Margaret S. Wetherell
    1987 Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Turner, John C. , Katherine J. Reynolds , and Emine Subasic
    2008 “Identity Confers Power: The New View of Leadership in Social Psychology.” InPublic Leadership – Perspectives and Practices, edited by Paul ‘T Hart and John Uhr , 57-72. Canberra: ANU E Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. van Krieken, Robert
    2001 “Norbert Elias and Process Sociology.” InThe Handbook of Social Theory, edited by George Ritzer and Barry Smart , 353-367. London: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781848608351.n27
     https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608351.n27 [Google Scholar]
  73. Wilson, John
    1990 Politically Speaking. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. 2003 “Political Discourse.” InThe Handbook of Discourse Analysis, edited by Deborah Schiffren , Deborah Tannen , and Heidi E. Hamilton , 398-415. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Wodak, Ruth
    2011 The Discourse of Politics in Action. Politics as Usual2nd Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave. doi: 10.1057/9780230316539
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316539 [Google Scholar]

  • From This Site

    /content/books/9789027267979-dapsac.63.04mil
    dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal
    10
    5
/content/books/9789027267979-dapsac.63.04mil
dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9789027267979
Book
false
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error