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ELF speakers’ restricted power of expression

Implications for interpreters’ processing

image of ELF speakers’ restricted power of expression

At the crossroads of English as a lingua franca (ELF) research and interpreting studies, it is paramount to examine why interpreters are at odds with ELF communication in general and with the effects of the output of the growing number of non-native English conference speakers on their work in particular. On the basis of a small-scale case study, the stumbling blocks resulting from non-native English input are examined. The findings point toward what may be a major impediment: activation and retrieval constraints can result from ELF speakers’ restricted power of expression and have an adverse effect on the interpreter’s inferential processing and target text rendering. In the discussion, it is argued that a key problem for devising compensatory (strategic or didactic) measures may lie in the unpredictable and open-ended nature of the means of expression creatively constructed by ELF speakers, which makes it extremely difficult for interpreters to build up a stock of resources that will match the ongoing input items, allowing them to function as activating cues.

References

  1. Albl-Mikasa, Michaela
    2007 Notationssprache und Notizentext. Ein kognitiv-linguistisches Modell für das Konsekutivdolmetschen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. 2010 “Global English and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF): Implications for the Interpreting Profession.” trans-kom3 (2): 126–148. www.trans-kom.eu/ihv_03_02_2010.html.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. 2011 “Das integrative Potenzial des kognitiv-konstruktivistischen Forschungsparadigmas für die Translationswissenschaft.” InTranslation — Sprachvariation — Mehrsprachigkeit. Festschrift für Lew Zybatow, ed. by Wolfgang Pöckl , Ingeborg Ohnheiser , and Peter Sandrini , 41–67. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
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  5. 2012b “The Importance of Being not too Earnest: A Process- and Experience-based model of Interpreter Competence.” InDolmetschqualität in Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Festschrift für Sylvia Kalina, ed. by Barbara Ahrens , Michaela Albl-Mikasa , and Claudia Sasse , 59–92. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
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  6. 2013a “Express-ability in ELF Communication.” Journal of English as a Lingua Franca2 (1): 101–122. doi: 10.1515/jelf‑2013‑0005
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2013-0005 [Google Scholar]
  7. 2013b “Teaching Globish? The Need for an ELF Pedagogy in Interpreter Training.” International Journal of Interpreter Education5 (1): 3–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Basel, Elvira
    2002 English as Lingua Franca. Non-Native Elocution in International Communication. A Case Study of Information Transfer in Simultaneous Interpretation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Vienna.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Braun, Sabine
    2004 Kommunikation unter widrigen Umständen? Einsprachige und gedolmetschte Kommunikation in der Videokonferenz. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Braun, Sabine , and Kurt Kohn
    2012 “Towards a Pedagogic Corpus Approach to Business and Community Interpreter Training.” InDolmetschqualität in Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Festschrift für Sylvia Kalina, ed. by Barbara Ahrens , Michaela Albl-Mikasa , and Claudia Sasse , 185–204. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
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  12. Chernov, Ghelly. V
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  13. Cheung, Andrew
    2003 “Does Accent Matter? The Impact of Accent in Simultaneous Interpretation into Mandarin and Cantonese on Perceived Performance Quality and Listener Satisfaction Level.” InEvaluación de la calidad en interpretación de conferencias: investigación, ed. by Ángela Collados Aís , Manuela M. Fernández Sánchez , and Daniel Gile , 85–96. Granada: Editorial Comares.
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  15. Cook, Guy
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     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2012-0018 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dschulnigg, Nadine , and Leslie Hansen
    2011 Englisch als Lingua Franca (ELF) in Dolmetschsituationen. Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Ausdrucksfähigkeit von ELF-Sprechenden in einer Dolmetschsituation. Unpublished B.A. thesis, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Gile, Daniel
    2009 Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.8
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.8 [Google Scholar]
  18. Göpferich, Susanne
    2008 Translationsprozessforschung: Stand — Methoden — Perspektiven. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Gran, Laura
    1989 “Interdisciplinary Research on Cerebral Asymmetries: Significance and Prospects for the Teaching of Interpretation.” InThe Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Teaching Interpretation. Proceedings of the Trieste Symposium, 1986, ed. by Laura Gran , and John Dodds , 93–100. Udine: Campanotto.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnson-Laird, Philip
    1983 Mental Models. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kalina, Sylvia
    1998 Strategische Prozesse beim Dolmetschen. Theoretische Grundlagen, empirische Fallstudien, didaktische Konsequenzen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 2009 “Das Modell der gemittelten Kommunikation in interkulturell geprägten Settings.” InDimensionen der Zweitsprachenforschung/Dimensions of Second Language Research. Festschrift für Kurt Kohn, ed. by Michaela Albl-Mikasa , Sabine Braun , and Sylvia Kalina , 159–181. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kohn, Kurt
    1990 “Translation as Conflict.” InConfli(c)t. Proceedings of the International Symposium‚ Contact + Confli(c)t, Brussels, 2–4 June 1988, ed. by Peter H. Nelde , 105–113. Brussels: Association Belge de Linguistique Appliquée (ABLA papers 14).
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 2004 “Zur Rolle des Übersetzens beim Sprachenlernen.” InNeue Perspektiven in der Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschwissenschaft. Festschrift für Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast zum 60 Geburtstag, ed. by Juliane House , Werner Koller , and Klaus Schubert , 217–233. Bochum: AKS-Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 2011 “English as a Lingua Franca and the Standard English Misunderstanding.” InEnglish in Europe Today. Sociocultural and Educational Perspectives, ed. by Annick De Houwer , and Antje Wilton , 71–94. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/aals.8.06koh
     https://doi.org/10.1075/aals.8.06koh [Google Scholar]
  26. Kohn, Kurt , and Michaela Albl-Mikasa
    2002 “Note-taking in Consecutive Interpreting. On the Reconstruction of an Individualised Language.” InLinguistics and Translation Studies. Translation Studies and Linguistics. Linguistica Antverpiensia1, ed. by Leona Van Vaerenbergh , 257–272. Antwerpen: Hoger Instituut voor Vertalers & Tolken.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Kohn, Kurt , and Sylvia Kalina
    1996 “The Strategic Dimension of Interpreting.” Meta41 (1): 118–138. doi: 10.7202/003333ar
     https://doi.org/10.7202/003333ar [Google Scholar]
  28. Kucharska, Anna
    2009 Simultandolmetschen in defizitären Situationen. Strategien der translatorischen Optimierung. Berlin: Frank & Timme.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kurz, Ingrid
    2009 “The Impact of Non-Native English on Students’ Interpreting Performance.” InEfforts and Models in Interpreting and Translation Research, ed. by Gyde Hansen , Andrew Chesterman , and Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast , 179–192. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.80.15kur
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  30. Kurz, Ingrid , and Elvira Basel
    2009 “The Impact of Non-native English on Information Transfer in SI.” Forum7 (2): 187–212.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Kutz, Wladimir
    2002 “Dolmetschkompetenz und ihre Vermittlung.” InÜbersetzen und Dolmetschen. Eine Orientierungshilfe, ed. by Johanna Best , and Sylvia Kalina , 184–195. Tübingen: Francke.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Mauranen, Anna
    2009 “Chunking in ELF: Expressions for Managing Interaction.” Intercultural Pragmatics6 (2): 217–233. doi: 10.1515/IPRG.2009.012
     https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2009.012 [Google Scholar]
  33. 2012 Exploring ELF. Academic English Shaped by Non-native Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. McAllister, Robert
    2000 “Perceptual Foreign Accent and its Relevance for Simultaneous Interpreting.” InLanguage Processing and Simultaneous Interpreting, ed. by Kenneth Hyltenstam , and Birgitta Englund Dimitrova , 45–63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.40.05mca
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.40.05mca [Google Scholar]
  35. Pöchhacker, Franz
    2012 “Qualität, die man versteht: ein funktional-kognitiver Ansatz.” InDolmetschqualität in Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Festschrift für Sylvia Kalina, ed. by Barbara Ahrens , Michaela Albl-Mikasa , and Claudia Sasse , 19–31. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Reithofer, Karin
    2010 “English as a Lingua Franca vs. Interpreting — Battleground or Peaceful Co-existence.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter15: 143–157.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 2013 “Comparing Modes of Communication. The Effect of English as a Lingua Franca vs. Interpreting.” Interpreting15 (1): 48–73. doi: 10.1075/intp.15.1.03rei
     https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.15.1.03rei [Google Scholar]
  38. Sabatini, Elisabetta
    2000 “Listening Comprehension, Shadowing and Simultaneous Interpreting of two ‘Non-Standard’ English Speeches.” Interpreting5 (1): 25–48. doi: 10.1075/intp.5.1.03sab
     https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.5.1.03sab [Google Scholar]
  39. Seidlhofer, Barbara
    2009 “Accommodation and the Idiom Principle in English as a Lingua Franca.” Intercultural Pragmatics6 (2): 195–215. doi: 10.1515/IPRG.2009.011
     https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2009.011 [Google Scholar]
  40. 2011 Understanding English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Sinclair, John M
    1991 Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Taylor, Christopher
    1989 “Towards a Typology of Speakers.” InComing of Age. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the American Translators Association, ed. by Deanna Lindberg Hammond , 183–188. Medford, NJ: Learned Information.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Van Dijk, Teun A. , and Walter Kintsch
    1983 Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. New York, NY: Academic Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Widdowson, Henry
    1979 “Rules and Procedures in Discourse Analysis” InThe Development of Conversation and Discourse, ed. by T. Myers , 61–71. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. 2004 Text, Context, Pretext: Critical Issues in Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9780470758427
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470758427 [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Albl-Mikasa, Michaela
    2007 Notationssprache und Notizentext. Ein kognitiv-linguistisches Modell für das Konsekutivdolmetschen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. 2010 “Global English and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF): Implications for the Interpreting Profession.” trans-kom3 (2): 126–148. www.trans-kom.eu/ihv_03_02_2010.html.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. 2011 “Das integrative Potenzial des kognitiv-konstruktivistischen Forschungsparadigmas für die Translationswissenschaft.” InTranslation — Sprachvariation — Mehrsprachigkeit. Festschrift für Lew Zybatow, ed. by Wolfgang Pöckl , Ingeborg Ohnheiser , and Peter Sandrini , 41–67. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. 2012a “Interpreting Quality in Times of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF): New Variables and Requirements.” InTranslation Studies: Old and New Types of Translation in Theory and Practice. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference TRANSLATA. Translation & Interpreting Research: Yesterday? Today? Tomorrow?, May 12–14, 2011, Innsbruck, ed. by Lew N. Zybatow , Alena Petrova , and Michael Ustaszewski , 267–273. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 2012b “The Importance of Being not too Earnest: A Process- and Experience-based model of Interpreter Competence.” InDolmetschqualität in Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Festschrift für Sylvia Kalina, ed. by Barbara Ahrens , Michaela Albl-Mikasa , and Claudia Sasse , 59–92. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 2013a “Express-ability in ELF Communication.” Journal of English as a Lingua Franca2 (1): 101–122. doi: 10.1515/jelf‑2013‑0005
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2013-0005 [Google Scholar]
  7. 2013b “Teaching Globish? The Need for an ELF Pedagogy in Interpreter Training.” International Journal of Interpreter Education5 (1): 3–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Basel, Elvira
    2002 English as Lingua Franca. Non-Native Elocution in International Communication. A Case Study of Information Transfer in Simultaneous Interpretation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Vienna.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Braun, Sabine
    2004 Kommunikation unter widrigen Umständen? Einsprachige und gedolmetschte Kommunikation in der Videokonferenz. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Braun, Sabine , and Kurt Kohn
    2012 “Towards a Pedagogic Corpus Approach to Business and Community Interpreter Training.” InDolmetschqualität in Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Festschrift für Sylvia Kalina, ed. by Barbara Ahrens , Michaela Albl-Mikasa , and Claudia Sasse , 185–204. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Brown, Gillian , and George Yule
    1983 Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511805226
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511805226 [Google Scholar]
  12. Chernov, Ghelly. V
    2004 Inference and Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Probability-prediction Model. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.57
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.57 [Google Scholar]
  13. Cheung, Andrew
    2003 “Does Accent Matter? The Impact of Accent in Simultaneous Interpretation into Mandarin and Cantonese on Perceived Performance Quality and Listener Satisfaction Level.” InEvaluación de la calidad en interpretación de conferencias: investigación, ed. by Ángela Collados Aís , Manuela M. Fernández Sánchez , and Daniel Gile , 85–96. Granada: Editorial Comares.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Christoffels, Ingrid K. , and Annette M.B. de Groot
    2005 “Simultaneous Interpreting: A Cognitive Perspective.” InHandbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches, ed. by Judith F. Kroll , and Annette M.B. de Groot , 454–479. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Cook, Guy
    2012 “ELF and Translation and Interpreting: Common Ground, Common Interest, Common Cause.” Journal of English as a Lingua Franca1 (2): 241–262. doi: 10.1515/jelf‑2012‑0018
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2012-0018 [Google Scholar]
  16. Dschulnigg, Nadine , and Leslie Hansen
    2011 Englisch als Lingua Franca (ELF) in Dolmetschsituationen. Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Ausdrucksfähigkeit von ELF-Sprechenden in einer Dolmetschsituation. Unpublished B.A. thesis, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Gile, Daniel
    2009 Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.8
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.8 [Google Scholar]
  18. Göpferich, Susanne
    2008 Translationsprozessforschung: Stand — Methoden — Perspektiven. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Gran, Laura
    1989 “Interdisciplinary Research on Cerebral Asymmetries: Significance and Prospects for the Teaching of Interpretation.” InThe Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Teaching Interpretation. Proceedings of the Trieste Symposium, 1986, ed. by Laura Gran , and John Dodds , 93–100. Udine: Campanotto.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnson-Laird, Philip
    1983 Mental Models. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Kalina, Sylvia
    1998 Strategische Prozesse beim Dolmetschen. Theoretische Grundlagen, empirische Fallstudien, didaktische Konsequenzen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 2009 “Das Modell der gemittelten Kommunikation in interkulturell geprägten Settings.” InDimensionen der Zweitsprachenforschung/Dimensions of Second Language Research. Festschrift für Kurt Kohn, ed. by Michaela Albl-Mikasa , Sabine Braun , and Sylvia Kalina , 159–181. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Kohn, Kurt
    1990 “Translation as Conflict.” InConfli(c)t. Proceedings of the International Symposium‚ Contact + Confli(c)t, Brussels, 2–4 June 1988, ed. by Peter H. Nelde , 105–113. Brussels: Association Belge de Linguistique Appliquée (ABLA papers 14).
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 2004 “Zur Rolle des Übersetzens beim Sprachenlernen.” InNeue Perspektiven in der Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschwissenschaft. Festschrift für Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast zum 60 Geburtstag, ed. by Juliane House , Werner Koller , and Klaus Schubert , 217–233. Bochum: AKS-Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 2011 “English as a Lingua Franca and the Standard English Misunderstanding.” InEnglish in Europe Today. Sociocultural and Educational Perspectives, ed. by Annick De Houwer , and Antje Wilton , 71–94. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/aals.8.06koh
     https://doi.org/10.1075/aals.8.06koh [Google Scholar]
  26. Kohn, Kurt , and Michaela Albl-Mikasa
    2002 “Note-taking in Consecutive Interpreting. On the Reconstruction of an Individualised Language.” InLinguistics and Translation Studies. Translation Studies and Linguistics. Linguistica Antverpiensia1, ed. by Leona Van Vaerenbergh , 257–272. Antwerpen: Hoger Instituut voor Vertalers & Tolken.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Kohn, Kurt , and Sylvia Kalina
    1996 “The Strategic Dimension of Interpreting.” Meta41 (1): 118–138. doi: 10.7202/003333ar
     https://doi.org/10.7202/003333ar [Google Scholar]
  28. Kucharska, Anna
    2009 Simultandolmetschen in defizitären Situationen. Strategien der translatorischen Optimierung. Berlin: Frank & Timme.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Kurz, Ingrid
    2009 “The Impact of Non-Native English on Students’ Interpreting Performance.” InEfforts and Models in Interpreting and Translation Research, ed. by Gyde Hansen , Andrew Chesterman , and Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast , 179–192. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.80.15kur
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.80.15kur [Google Scholar]
  30. Kurz, Ingrid , and Elvira Basel
    2009 “The Impact of Non-native English on Information Transfer in SI.” Forum7 (2): 187–212.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Kutz, Wladimir
    2002 “Dolmetschkompetenz und ihre Vermittlung.” InÜbersetzen und Dolmetschen. Eine Orientierungshilfe, ed. by Johanna Best , and Sylvia Kalina , 184–195. Tübingen: Francke.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Mauranen, Anna
    2009 “Chunking in ELF: Expressions for Managing Interaction.” Intercultural Pragmatics6 (2): 217–233. doi: 10.1515/IPRG.2009.012
     https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2009.012 [Google Scholar]
  33. 2012 Exploring ELF. Academic English Shaped by Non-native Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. McAllister, Robert
    2000 “Perceptual Foreign Accent and its Relevance for Simultaneous Interpreting.” InLanguage Processing and Simultaneous Interpreting, ed. by Kenneth Hyltenstam , and Birgitta Englund Dimitrova , 45–63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.40.05mca
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.40.05mca [Google Scholar]
  35. Pöchhacker, Franz
    2012 “Qualität, die man versteht: ein funktional-kognitiver Ansatz.” InDolmetschqualität in Praxis, Lehre und Forschung. Festschrift für Sylvia Kalina, ed. by Barbara Ahrens , Michaela Albl-Mikasa , and Claudia Sasse , 19–31. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Reithofer, Karin
    2010 “English as a Lingua Franca vs. Interpreting — Battleground or Peaceful Co-existence.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter15: 143–157.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 2013 “Comparing Modes of Communication. The Effect of English as a Lingua Franca vs. Interpreting.” Interpreting15 (1): 48–73. doi: 10.1075/intp.15.1.03rei
     https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.15.1.03rei [Google Scholar]
  38. Sabatini, Elisabetta
    2000 “Listening Comprehension, Shadowing and Simultaneous Interpreting of two ‘Non-Standard’ English Speeches.” Interpreting5 (1): 25–48. doi: 10.1075/intp.5.1.03sab
     https://doi.org/10.1075/intp.5.1.03sab [Google Scholar]
  39. Seidlhofer, Barbara
    2009 “Accommodation and the Idiom Principle in English as a Lingua Franca.” Intercultural Pragmatics6 (2): 195–215. doi: 10.1515/IPRG.2009.011
     https://doi.org/10.1515/IPRG.2009.011 [Google Scholar]
  40. 2011 Understanding English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Sinclair, John M
    1991 Corpus, Concordance, Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Taylor, Christopher
    1989 “Towards a Typology of Speakers.” InComing of Age. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the American Translators Association, ed. by Deanna Lindberg Hammond , 183–188. Medford, NJ: Learned Information.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Van Dijk, Teun A. , and Walter Kintsch
    1983 Strategies of Discourse Comprehension. New York, NY: Academic Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Widdowson, Henry
    1979 “Rules and Procedures in Discourse Analysis” InThe Development of Conversation and Discourse, ed. by T. Myers , 61–71. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. 2004 Text, Context, Pretext: Critical Issues in Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9780470758427
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470758427 [Google Scholar]

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