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The role of intuition in the translation process

A case study

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This chapter explores the psychological construct of intuition and its influence in decision-making behavior. Intuition was defined by Jung (1971) as a primary mode of perception operating subconsciously. As opposed to sensing personality types who prefer concrete details, intuitive personality types prefer to acquire information by imagining possibilities (Myers and Myers 1995). In this chapter, an analysis of verbalization data from a translation process study is discussed in order to demonstrate the influence of intuition on decision-making during the translation process and to explore the implications of this influence. Recent studies have found that intuition plays a role in learning and decision-making tasks involving affect (Laborde, Dosseville, and Scelles 2010: 786). Intuition is therefore here viewed as a potentially vital component of translator behavior which could predict individuals’ translating effectiveness.

References

  1. Bǎlǎcescu, Ioana
    2006 “Intuition et Contraintes Sémantiques: le “Joker Sémantique.” Atelier de Traduction — Ştefan cel Mare de Suceava University5–6: 209–220.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Betsch, Tilmann , and Andreas Glöckner
    2010 “Intuition in Judgment and Decision Making: Extensive Thinking Without Effort.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 279–294. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.517737
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.517737 [Google Scholar]
  3. Dancette, Jeanne
    2010 “Understanding Translators’ Understanding.” InMeaning in Translation, ed. by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk , and Marcel Thelen , 65–77. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Dane, Erik
    2011 “Capturing Intuitions ‘In Flight’: Observations from Research on Attention and Mindfulness.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 217–226. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00029
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00029 [Google Scholar]
  5. Dane, Erik , and Michael Pratt
    2009 “Conceptualizing and Measuring Intuition: A Review of Recent Trends.” International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology24: 1–40.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Epstein, Seymour
    2008 “Intuition from the Perspective of Cognitive Experiential Self-Theory.” InIntuition in Judgment and Decision Making, ed. by Henning Plessner , Cornelia Betsch , and Tilmann Betsch , 23–37. New York, NY: Erlbaum.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. 2010 “Demystifying Intuition: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Does It.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21 (4): 295–312. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.523875
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.523875 [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans, Jonathan St. B.T
    2010 “Intuition and Reasoning: A Dual-Process Perspective.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 313–326. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.521057
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.521057 [Google Scholar]
  9. Frederick, Shane
    2005 “Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making.” Journal of Economic Perspectives19 (4): 25–42. doi: 10.1257/089533005775196732
     https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732 [Google Scholar]
  10. Göpferich, Susanne , and Riitta Jääskeläinen
    2009 “Process Research into the Development of Translation Competence: Where are We, and Where do We Need to Go?” Across Languages and Cultures10 (2): 169–191. doi: 10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.1
     https://doi.org/10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.1 [Google Scholar]
  11. Hammond, Kenneth R
    2010 “Intuition, No!… Quasirationality, Yes!” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 327–337. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.521483
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.521483 [Google Scholar]
  12. Hansen, Gyde
    (ed) 1999 Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Hodgkinson, Gerard P. , Eugene Sadler-Smith , Marta Sinclair , and Neal M. Ashkanasy
    2009 “More than Meets the Eye? Intuition and Analysis Revisited.” Personality and Individual Differences47: 342–346. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.025
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.025 [Google Scholar]
  14. Hogarth, Robin M
    2010 “Intuition: A Challenge for Psychological Research on Decision Making.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 338–353. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.520260
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.520260 [Google Scholar]
  15. Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine
    2009 “Personal Diversity and Diverse Personalities in Translation: A Study of Individual Differences.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology17 (3): 175–192. doi: 10.1080/09076760903249380
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09076760903249380 [Google Scholar]
  16. Jääskeläinen, Riitta
    1993 “Investigating translation strategies.” InRecent Trends in Empirical Translation Research, ed. by Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit , 99–120. Joensuu: University of Joensuu.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1999 Tapping the Process: An Explorative Study of the Cognitive and Affective Factors Involved in Translating. Joensuu: University of Joensuu.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 2011 “Back to Basics: Designing a Study to Determine the Validity and Reliability of Verbal Report Data on Translation Processes.” InCognitive Explorations of Translation, ed. by Sharon O’Brien , 15–29. London: Continuum Studies in Translation.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Jung, Carl Gustav
    1971 Psychological Types. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Kiraly, Don
    1995 Pathways to Translation: Pedagogy and Process. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Komissarov, Vilen Naumovich
    1995 “Intuition in Translation.” Target7 (2): 347–354. doi: 10.1075/target.7.2.10kom
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.10kom [Google Scholar]
  22. Kuhnle, Claudia
    2011 “The Benefit of Intuition in Learning Situations.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 227–236. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00030
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00030 [Google Scholar]
  23. Kussmaul, Paul
    1995 Training the Translator. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.10
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.10 [Google Scholar]
  24. Kussmaul, Paul , and Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit
    1995 “Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis in Translation Studies.” TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction8 (1): 177–199. doi: 10.7202/037201ar
     https://doi.org/10.7202/037201ar [Google Scholar]
  25. Laborde, Sylvain , Fabrice Dosseville , and Nicolas Scelles
    2010 “Trait Emotional Intelligence and Preference for Intuition and Deliberation: Respective Influence on Academic Performance.” Personality and Individual Differences49: 784–788. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.031
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.031 [Google Scholar]
  26. Laukkanen, Johanna
    1996 “Affective and Attitudinal Factors in Translation Processes.” Target8 (2): 257–274. doi: 10.1075/target.8.2.04lau
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.8.2.04lau [Google Scholar]
  27. Lörscher, Wolfgang
    1991 Translation Performance, Translation Process, and Translation Strategies. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Munday, Jeremy
    2008 Style and Ideology in Translation. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Myers, David G
    2010 “Intuition’s Powers and Perils.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 371–377. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.524469
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.524469 [Google Scholar]
  30. Myers, Isabel Briggs , and Peter B. Myers
    1995 Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Newmark, Peter
    1998 “The Customer as King: A Response to Hans G. Honig.” InTranslation and Quality, ed. by Christina Schäffner , 75–78. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. OECD
    2002 Understanding the Brain — Towards a New Learning Science. Paris: OECD Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Pinel, Philippe , and Stanislas Dehaene
    2010 “Beyond Hemispheric Dominance: Brain Regions Underlying the Joint Lateralization of Language and Arithmetic to the Left Hemisphere.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience22 (1): 48–66. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21184
     https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21184 [Google Scholar]
  34. Pretz, Jean E
    2011 “Types of Intuition: Inferential and Holistic.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 17–27. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00009
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00009 [Google Scholar]
  35. Pretz, Jean E. , and Kathryn Sentman Totz
    2007 “Measuring Individual Differences in Affective, Heuristic, and Holistic Intuition.” Personality and Individual Differences43: 1247–1257. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015 [Google Scholar]
  36. Robinson, Douglas
    1991 The Translator’s Turn. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 1997 Becoming a Translator. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Sadler-Smith, Eugene , and Erella Shefy
    2004 “The Intuitive Executive: Understanding and Applying ‘Gut Feel’ in Decision Making.” Academy of Management Executive18 (4): 76–91. doi: 10.5465/AME.2004.15268692
     https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.2004.15268692 [Google Scholar]
  39. Sinclair, Marta
    2010 “Misconceptions About Intuition.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 378–386. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.523874
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.523874 [Google Scholar]
  40. 2011 “An Integrated Framework of Intuition.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 3–16. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370 [Google Scholar]
  41. Stanovich, Keith E
    2009 What Intelligence Tests Miss. The Psychology of Rational Thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Straight, Stephen
    1981 “Knowledge, Purpose, and Intuition: Three Dimensions in the Evaluation of Translation.” InTranslation Spectrum. Essays in Theory and Practice, ed. by Marilyn Gaddis-Rose , 41–51. Albany, NY: State University of New York.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Strick, Madelijn , and Ap Dijksterhuis
    2011 “Intuition and Unconscious Thought.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 28–36. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00010
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00010 [Google Scholar]
  44. Topolinski, Sascha , and Fritz Strack
    2009 “Scanning the ‘Fringe’ of Consciousness: What is Felt and What is Not Felt in Intuitions About Semantic Coherence.” Consciousness and Cognition18: 608–618. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.06.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.06.002 [Google Scholar]
  45. Wager Tor D. , Phan K. Luan , Liberzon, Israel , and Taylor Stephan F
    2003 “Valence, Gender, and Lateralization of Functional Brain Anatomy in Emotion: a Meta-analysis of Findings from Neuroimaging.” NeuroImage19: 513–531. doi: 10.1016/S1053‑8119(03)00078‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00078-8 [Google Scholar]
  46. Weaver, William
    1989 “The Process of Translation.” InThe Craft of Translation, ed. by John Biguenet , and Rainer Schulte , 117–125. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Wilss, Wolfram
    1988 Kognition und Übersetzen: Zu Theorie und Praxis der menschlichen und der maschinellen Überzetzung. Tübingen: Niemeyer. doi: 10.1515/9783110935844
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110935844 [Google Scholar]
  48. 1996 Knowledge and Skills in Translator Behavior. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.15
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.15 [Google Scholar]
  49. 1998 “Decision Making in Translation.” InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, ed. by Mona Baker , and Kirsten Malmkjær , 57–60. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Bǎlǎcescu, Ioana
    2006 “Intuition et Contraintes Sémantiques: le “Joker Sémantique.” Atelier de Traduction — Ştefan cel Mare de Suceava University5–6: 209–220.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Betsch, Tilmann , and Andreas Glöckner
    2010 “Intuition in Judgment and Decision Making: Extensive Thinking Without Effort.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 279–294. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.517737
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.517737 [Google Scholar]
  3. Dancette, Jeanne
    2010 “Understanding Translators’ Understanding.” InMeaning in Translation, ed. by Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk , and Marcel Thelen , 65–77. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Dane, Erik
    2011 “Capturing Intuitions ‘In Flight’: Observations from Research on Attention and Mindfulness.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 217–226. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00029
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00029 [Google Scholar]
  5. Dane, Erik , and Michael Pratt
    2009 “Conceptualizing and Measuring Intuition: A Review of Recent Trends.” International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology24: 1–40.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Epstein, Seymour
    2008 “Intuition from the Perspective of Cognitive Experiential Self-Theory.” InIntuition in Judgment and Decision Making, ed. by Henning Plessner , Cornelia Betsch , and Tilmann Betsch , 23–37. New York, NY: Erlbaum.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. 2010 “Demystifying Intuition: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Does It.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21 (4): 295–312. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.523875
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.523875 [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans, Jonathan St. B.T
    2010 “Intuition and Reasoning: A Dual-Process Perspective.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 313–326. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.521057
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.521057 [Google Scholar]
  9. Frederick, Shane
    2005 “Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making.” Journal of Economic Perspectives19 (4): 25–42. doi: 10.1257/089533005775196732
     https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732 [Google Scholar]
  10. Göpferich, Susanne , and Riitta Jääskeläinen
    2009 “Process Research into the Development of Translation Competence: Where are We, and Where do We Need to Go?” Across Languages and Cultures10 (2): 169–191. doi: 10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.1
     https://doi.org/10.1556/Acr.10.2009.2.1 [Google Scholar]
  11. Hammond, Kenneth R
    2010 “Intuition, No!… Quasirationality, Yes!” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 327–337. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.521483
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.521483 [Google Scholar]
  12. Hansen, Gyde
    (ed) 1999 Probing the Process in Translation: Methods and Results. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Hodgkinson, Gerard P. , Eugene Sadler-Smith , Marta Sinclair , and Neal M. Ashkanasy
    2009 “More than Meets the Eye? Intuition and Analysis Revisited.” Personality and Individual Differences47: 342–346. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.025
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.03.025 [Google Scholar]
  14. Hogarth, Robin M
    2010 “Intuition: A Challenge for Psychological Research on Decision Making.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 338–353. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.520260
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.520260 [Google Scholar]
  15. Hubscher-Davidson, Séverine
    2009 “Personal Diversity and Diverse Personalities in Translation: A Study of Individual Differences.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology17 (3): 175–192. doi: 10.1080/09076760903249380
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09076760903249380 [Google Scholar]
  16. Jääskeläinen, Riitta
    1993 “Investigating translation strategies.” InRecent Trends in Empirical Translation Research, ed. by Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit , 99–120. Joensuu: University of Joensuu.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1999 Tapping the Process: An Explorative Study of the Cognitive and Affective Factors Involved in Translating. Joensuu: University of Joensuu.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 2011 “Back to Basics: Designing a Study to Determine the Validity and Reliability of Verbal Report Data on Translation Processes.” InCognitive Explorations of Translation, ed. by Sharon O’Brien , 15–29. London: Continuum Studies in Translation.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Jung, Carl Gustav
    1971 Psychological Types. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Kiraly, Don
    1995 Pathways to Translation: Pedagogy and Process. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Komissarov, Vilen Naumovich
    1995 “Intuition in Translation.” Target7 (2): 347–354. doi: 10.1075/target.7.2.10kom
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.7.2.10kom [Google Scholar]
  22. Kuhnle, Claudia
    2011 “The Benefit of Intuition in Learning Situations.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 227–236. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00030
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00030 [Google Scholar]
  23. Kussmaul, Paul
    1995 Training the Translator. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.10
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.10 [Google Scholar]
  24. Kussmaul, Paul , and Sonja Tirkkonen-Condit
    1995 “Think-Aloud Protocol Analysis in Translation Studies.” TTR: Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction8 (1): 177–199. doi: 10.7202/037201ar
     https://doi.org/10.7202/037201ar [Google Scholar]
  25. Laborde, Sylvain , Fabrice Dosseville , and Nicolas Scelles
    2010 “Trait Emotional Intelligence and Preference for Intuition and Deliberation: Respective Influence on Academic Performance.” Personality and Individual Differences49: 784–788. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.031
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.031 [Google Scholar]
  26. Laukkanen, Johanna
    1996 “Affective and Attitudinal Factors in Translation Processes.” Target8 (2): 257–274. doi: 10.1075/target.8.2.04lau
     https://doi.org/10.1075/target.8.2.04lau [Google Scholar]
  27. Lörscher, Wolfgang
    1991 Translation Performance, Translation Process, and Translation Strategies. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Munday, Jeremy
    2008 Style and Ideology in Translation. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Myers, David G
    2010 “Intuition’s Powers and Perils.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 371–377. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.524469
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.524469 [Google Scholar]
  30. Myers, Isabel Briggs , and Peter B. Myers
    1995 Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Newmark, Peter
    1998 “The Customer as King: A Response to Hans G. Honig.” InTranslation and Quality, ed. by Christina Schäffner , 75–78. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. OECD
    2002 Understanding the Brain — Towards a New Learning Science. Paris: OECD Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Pinel, Philippe , and Stanislas Dehaene
    2010 “Beyond Hemispheric Dominance: Brain Regions Underlying the Joint Lateralization of Language and Arithmetic to the Left Hemisphere.” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience22 (1): 48–66. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21184
     https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21184 [Google Scholar]
  34. Pretz, Jean E
    2011 “Types of Intuition: Inferential and Holistic.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 17–27. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00009
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00009 [Google Scholar]
  35. Pretz, Jean E. , and Kathryn Sentman Totz
    2007 “Measuring Individual Differences in Affective, Heuristic, and Holistic Intuition.” Personality and Individual Differences43: 1247–1257. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.015 [Google Scholar]
  36. Robinson, Douglas
    1991 The Translator’s Turn. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. 1997 Becoming a Translator. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Sadler-Smith, Eugene , and Erella Shefy
    2004 “The Intuitive Executive: Understanding and Applying ‘Gut Feel’ in Decision Making.” Academy of Management Executive18 (4): 76–91. doi: 10.5465/AME.2004.15268692
     https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.2004.15268692 [Google Scholar]
  39. Sinclair, Marta
    2010 “Misconceptions About Intuition.” Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory21: 378–386. doi: 10.1080/1047840X.2010.523874
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2010.523874 [Google Scholar]
  40. 2011 “An Integrated Framework of Intuition.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 3–16. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370 [Google Scholar]
  41. Stanovich, Keith E
    2009 What Intelligence Tests Miss. The Psychology of Rational Thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Straight, Stephen
    1981 “Knowledge, Purpose, and Intuition: Three Dimensions in the Evaluation of Translation.” InTranslation Spectrum. Essays in Theory and Practice, ed. by Marilyn Gaddis-Rose , 41–51. Albany, NY: State University of New York.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Strick, Madelijn , and Ap Dijksterhuis
    2011 “Intuition and Unconscious Thought.” InHandbook of Intuition Research, ed. by Marta Sinclair , 28–36. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. doi: 10.4337/9780857936370.00010
     https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936370.00010 [Google Scholar]
  44. Topolinski, Sascha , and Fritz Strack
    2009 “Scanning the ‘Fringe’ of Consciousness: What is Felt and What is Not Felt in Intuitions About Semantic Coherence.” Consciousness and Cognition18: 608–618. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2008.06.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.06.002 [Google Scholar]
  45. Wager Tor D. , Phan K. Luan , Liberzon, Israel , and Taylor Stephan F
    2003 “Valence, Gender, and Lateralization of Functional Brain Anatomy in Emotion: a Meta-analysis of Findings from Neuroimaging.” NeuroImage19: 513–531. doi: 10.1016/S1053‑8119(03)00078‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00078-8 [Google Scholar]
  46. Weaver, William
    1989 “The Process of Translation.” InThe Craft of Translation, ed. by John Biguenet , and Rainer Schulte , 117–125. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Wilss, Wolfram
    1988 Kognition und Übersetzen: Zu Theorie und Praxis der menschlichen und der maschinellen Überzetzung. Tübingen: Niemeyer. doi: 10.1515/9783110935844
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110935844 [Google Scholar]
  48. 1996 Knowledge and Skills in Translator Behavior. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.15
     https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.15 [Google Scholar]
  49. 1998 “Decision Making in Translation.” InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, ed. by Mona Baker , and Kirsten Malmkjær , 57–60. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]

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