1887
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. Current Issues in Phraseology
  4. Chapter

Like I said again and again and over and over

On the ADV1 and ADV1 construction with adverbs of direction in English

image of <i>Like I said again and again and over and over</i>

This study discusses an adverbial pattern which has so far been largely overlooked, namely ADV1 and ADV1, as in again and again, on and on and over and over. The paper is primarily based on the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) and the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The data show that these patterns follow typical paths of change, such as a movement towards more abstract meanings (metaphorization; over and over increasingly referring to repetition rather than to physical motion), lexicalization (e.g. up and up being used as a noun with idiosyncratic meaning in on the up and up), subjectification (e.g. on and on expressing negative connotations), iconic variation (again and again and again referring to multiple repetitions), simplification (loss of again after over and over), and the development of discourse functions (and on and on meaning “and so on”).

  • Affiliations: 1: Linnaeus University; 2: Malmö University

References

  1. Aijmer, K
    2002 English Discourse Particles: Evidence from a Corpus. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/scl.10
     https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.10 [Google Scholar]
  2. Altenberg, B
    1998 “On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word-combinations”. In A.P.Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 101–122.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Aston, G. & Burnard, L
    1998 The BNC Handbook. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Baker, P
    2011 “Times may change, but we will always have money: Diachronic variation in recent British English”. Journal of English Linguistics, 39 (1), 65–88. doi: 10.1177/0075424210368368
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424210368368 [Google Scholar]
  5. Barlow, M
    2011 “Corpus linguistics and theoretical linguistics”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 16 (1), 3–44. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.16.1.02bar
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.1.02bar [Google Scholar]
  6. Biber, D
    2009 “A corpus-driven approach to formulaic language in English: Multi-word patterns in speech and writing”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14 (3), 275–311. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.14.3.08bib
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.3.08bib [Google Scholar]
  7. Biber, D. , Johansson, S. , Leech, G. , Conrad, S. & Finegan, E
    1999 Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Brinton, L.J. & Traugott, E.C
    2005 Lexicalization and Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511615962
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615962 [Google Scholar]
  9. Bybee, J.L
    2006 “From usage to grammar: The mind’s response to repetition”. Language, 82 (4), 711–733. doi: 10.1353/lan.2006.0186
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0186 [Google Scholar]
  10. Channell, J
    1994 Vague Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Davies, M
    2008–: online. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 425 million words, 1990–present. Available at: www.americancorpus.org (accessedAugust 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  12. 2009 “The 385+ million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (1990–2008+). Design, architecture, and linguistic insights”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14 (2), 159–190. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.14.2.02dav
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.2.02dav [Google Scholar]
  13. 2010 “The Corpus of Contemporary American English as the first reliable monitor corpus of English”. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 25 (4), 447–464. doi: 10.1093/llc/fqq018
     https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqq018 [Google Scholar]
  14. 2010–: online. The Corpus of Historical American English (COHA): 400+ million words, 1810–2009. Available at: corpus.byu.edu/coha (accessedAugust 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 2011–: online. Google Books (American English) Corpus (155 billion words, 1810–2009). Available at: googlebooks.byu.edu/ (accessedAugust 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Ellis, N.C
    2008 “Phraseology: The periphery and the heart of language”. In F.Meunier & S. Granger (Eds.), Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–13. doi: 10.1075/z.138.02ell
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.138.02ell [Google Scholar]
  17. Granger, S. & Meunier, F
    2008 Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.139
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.139 [Google Scholar]
  18. Granger, S. & Paquot, M
    2008 “Disentangling the phraseological web”. In S.Granger & F. Meunier (Eds.), Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 27–49. doi: 10.1075/z.139.07gra
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.139.07gra [Google Scholar]
  19. Gries, St. Th
    2008 “Phraseology and linguistic theory: A brief survey”. In S.Granger & F. Meunier (Eds.), Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 3–25. doi: 10.1075/z.139.06gri
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.139.06gri [Google Scholar]
  20. Hudson, J
    1998 Perspectives on Fixedness: Applied and Theoretical. Lund: Lund University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Jackendoff, R
    2008 “Construction after construction and its theoretical challenges”. Language, 84 (1), 8–28. doi: 10.1353/lan.2008.0058
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2008.0058 [Google Scholar]
  22. Kouwenberg, S
    (Ed.)2003 Twice as Meaningful. Reduplication in Pidgins, Creoles and Other Contact Languages. London: Battlebridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Leech, G. , Hundt, M. , Mair, C. & Smith, N
    2009 Change in Contemporary English. A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511642210
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642210 [Google Scholar]
  24. Lindquist, H. & Levin, M
    2009 “The grammatical properties of recurrent phrases with body part nouns: The N1 to N1 pattern”. In U.Römer & R.Schulze (Eds.), Exploring the Lexis-Grammar Interface. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 171–188. doi: 10.1075/scl.35.12lin
     https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.35.12lin [Google Scholar]
  25. Mair, C
    2006 Twentieth-century English. History, Variation and Standardization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486951
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486951 [Google Scholar]
  26. Moon, R
    1998 Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English. A Corpus-based Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Overstreet, M
    2000 Whales, Candlelight, and Stuff Like That: General Extenders in English Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Oxford English Dictionary (OED) online
    . Available at: www.oed.com (accessedAugust 2012).
  29. Pawley, A. & Syder, F.H
    1983 “Two puzzles for linguistic theory”. In J.C.Richards & R.W.Schmidt (Eds.), Language and Communication. London: Longman, 191–226.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Sankoff, G. & Laberge, S
    1974 “On the acquisition of native speakers by a language”. In D. DeCamp & I.Hancock (Eds.), Pidgins and Creoles. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press, 73–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Sinclair, J
    1998 “The lexical item”. In E.Weigand (Ed.), Contrastive Lexical Semantics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–24. doi: 10.1075/cilt.171.02sin
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.171.02sin [Google Scholar]
  32. 1999 “A way with common words”. In H.Hasselgård & S.Oksefjell (Eds.), Out of Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 157–179.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Smith, G.P
    2002 Growing Up with Tok Pisin: Contact, Creolization and Change in Papua New Guinea’s National Language. London: Battlebridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Stubbs, M
    2002 “Two quantitative methods of studying phraseology in English”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 7 (2), 215–244. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.7.2.04stu
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.7.2.04stu [Google Scholar]
  35. 2007a “On very frequent phraseology in English: Structures, distributions and functions”. In R.Facchinetti (Ed.), Corpus Linguistics Twenty-five Years on. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 89–105. doi: 10.1163/9789401204347_007
     https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401204347_007 [Google Scholar]
  36. 2007b “Quantitative data on multi-word sequences in English: The case of the word ‘world’”. In M.Hoey , M.Mahlberg , M.Stubbs & W.Teubert (Eds.), Text, Discourse and Corpora. London: Continuum, 163–189.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Tagliamonte, S. & Denis, D
    2010 “The stuff of change: General extenders in Toronto, Canada”. Journal of English Linguistics, 38 (4), 335–368. doi: 10.1177/0075424210367484
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424210367484 [Google Scholar]
  38. Traugott, E.C
    1995 “Subjectification in grammaticalization”. In D.Stein & S.Wright (Eds.), Subjectivity and Subjectivisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 31–54. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003 [Google Scholar]
  39. 2010 “(Inter)subjectivity and (inter)subjectification: A reassessment”. In K. Davidse , L.Vandelanotte & H.Cuyckens (Eds.), Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization. Berlin: Mouton, 29–71. doi: 10.1515/9783110226102.1.29
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110226102.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  40. Traugott, E.C. & Dasher, R.B
    2005 Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Verhaar, J.W.M
    1995 Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Wray, A
    2002 Formulaic Language and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511519772
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511519772 [Google Scholar]
  43. 2008 Formulaic Language: Pushing the Boundaries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Aijmer, K
    2002 English Discourse Particles: Evidence from a Corpus. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/scl.10
     https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.10 [Google Scholar]
  2. Altenberg, B
    1998 “On the phraseology of spoken English: The evidence of recurrent word-combinations”. In A.P.Cowie (Ed.), Phraseology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 101–122.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Aston, G. & Burnard, L
    1998 The BNC Handbook. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Baker, P
    2011 “Times may change, but we will always have money: Diachronic variation in recent British English”. Journal of English Linguistics, 39 (1), 65–88. doi: 10.1177/0075424210368368
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424210368368 [Google Scholar]
  5. Barlow, M
    2011 “Corpus linguistics and theoretical linguistics”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 16 (1), 3–44. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.16.1.02bar
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.1.02bar [Google Scholar]
  6. Biber, D
    2009 “A corpus-driven approach to formulaic language in English: Multi-word patterns in speech and writing”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14 (3), 275–311. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.14.3.08bib
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.3.08bib [Google Scholar]
  7. Biber, D. , Johansson, S. , Leech, G. , Conrad, S. & Finegan, E
    1999 Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Brinton, L.J. & Traugott, E.C
    2005 Lexicalization and Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511615962
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615962 [Google Scholar]
  9. Bybee, J.L
    2006 “From usage to grammar: The mind’s response to repetition”. Language, 82 (4), 711–733. doi: 10.1353/lan.2006.0186
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0186 [Google Scholar]
  10. Channell, J
    1994 Vague Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Davies, M
    2008–: online. The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA): 425 million words, 1990–present. Available at: www.americancorpus.org (accessedAugust 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  12. 2009 “The 385+ million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (1990–2008+). Design, architecture, and linguistic insights”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14 (2), 159–190. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.14.2.02dav
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.14.2.02dav [Google Scholar]
  13. 2010 “The Corpus of Contemporary American English as the first reliable monitor corpus of English”. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 25 (4), 447–464. doi: 10.1093/llc/fqq018
     https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqq018 [Google Scholar]
  14. 2010–: online. The Corpus of Historical American English (COHA): 400+ million words, 1810–2009. Available at: corpus.byu.edu/coha (accessedAugust 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 2011–: online. Google Books (American English) Corpus (155 billion words, 1810–2009). Available at: googlebooks.byu.edu/ (accessedAugust 2012).
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Ellis, N.C
    2008 “Phraseology: The periphery and the heart of language”. In F.Meunier & S. Granger (Eds.), Phraseology in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–13. doi: 10.1075/z.138.02ell
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.138.02ell [Google Scholar]
  17. Granger, S. & Meunier, F
    2008 Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.139
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.139 [Google Scholar]
  18. Granger, S. & Paquot, M
    2008 “Disentangling the phraseological web”. In S.Granger & F. Meunier (Eds.), Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 27–49. doi: 10.1075/z.139.07gra
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.139.07gra [Google Scholar]
  19. Gries, St. Th
    2008 “Phraseology and linguistic theory: A brief survey”. In S.Granger & F. Meunier (Eds.), Phraseology. An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 3–25. doi: 10.1075/z.139.06gri
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.139.06gri [Google Scholar]
  20. Hudson, J
    1998 Perspectives on Fixedness: Applied and Theoretical. Lund: Lund University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Jackendoff, R
    2008 “Construction after construction and its theoretical challenges”. Language, 84 (1), 8–28. doi: 10.1353/lan.2008.0058
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2008.0058 [Google Scholar]
  22. Kouwenberg, S
    (Ed.)2003 Twice as Meaningful. Reduplication in Pidgins, Creoles and Other Contact Languages. London: Battlebridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Leech, G. , Hundt, M. , Mair, C. & Smith, N
    2009 Change in Contemporary English. A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511642210
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511642210 [Google Scholar]
  24. Lindquist, H. & Levin, M
    2009 “The grammatical properties of recurrent phrases with body part nouns: The N1 to N1 pattern”. In U.Römer & R.Schulze (Eds.), Exploring the Lexis-Grammar Interface. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 171–188. doi: 10.1075/scl.35.12lin
     https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.35.12lin [Google Scholar]
  25. Mair, C
    2006 Twentieth-century English. History, Variation and Standardization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486951
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486951 [Google Scholar]
  26. Moon, R
    1998 Fixed Expressions and Idioms in English. A Corpus-based Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Overstreet, M
    2000 Whales, Candlelight, and Stuff Like That: General Extenders in English Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Oxford English Dictionary (OED) online
    . Available at: www.oed.com (accessedAugust 2012).
  29. Pawley, A. & Syder, F.H
    1983 “Two puzzles for linguistic theory”. In J.C.Richards & R.W.Schmidt (Eds.), Language and Communication. London: Longman, 191–226.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Sankoff, G. & Laberge, S
    1974 “On the acquisition of native speakers by a language”. In D. DeCamp & I.Hancock (Eds.), Pidgins and Creoles. Georgetown: Georgetown University Press, 73–84.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Sinclair, J
    1998 “The lexical item”. In E.Weigand (Ed.), Contrastive Lexical Semantics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1–24. doi: 10.1075/cilt.171.02sin
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.171.02sin [Google Scholar]
  32. 1999 “A way with common words”. In H.Hasselgård & S.Oksefjell (Eds.), Out of Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 157–179.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Smith, G.P
    2002 Growing Up with Tok Pisin: Contact, Creolization and Change in Papua New Guinea’s National Language. London: Battlebridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Stubbs, M
    2002 “Two quantitative methods of studying phraseology in English”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 7 (2), 215–244. doi: 10.1075/ijcl.7.2.04stu
     https://doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.7.2.04stu [Google Scholar]
  35. 2007a “On very frequent phraseology in English: Structures, distributions and functions”. In R.Facchinetti (Ed.), Corpus Linguistics Twenty-five Years on. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 89–105. doi: 10.1163/9789401204347_007
     https://doi.org/10.1163/9789401204347_007 [Google Scholar]
  36. 2007b “Quantitative data on multi-word sequences in English: The case of the word ‘world’”. In M.Hoey , M.Mahlberg , M.Stubbs & W.Teubert (Eds.), Text, Discourse and Corpora. London: Continuum, 163–189.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Tagliamonte, S. & Denis, D
    2010 “The stuff of change: General extenders in Toronto, Canada”. Journal of English Linguistics, 38 (4), 335–368. doi: 10.1177/0075424210367484
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424210367484 [Google Scholar]
  38. Traugott, E.C
    1995 “Subjectification in grammaticalization”. In D.Stein & S.Wright (Eds.), Subjectivity and Subjectivisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 31–54. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511554469.003 [Google Scholar]
  39. 2010 “(Inter)subjectivity and (inter)subjectification: A reassessment”. In K. Davidse , L.Vandelanotte & H.Cuyckens (Eds.), Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization. Berlin: Mouton, 29–71. doi: 10.1515/9783110226102.1.29
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110226102.1.29 [Google Scholar]
  40. Traugott, E.C. & Dasher, R.B
    2005 Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Verhaar, J.W.M
    1995 Toward a Reference Grammar of Tok Pisin: An Experiment in Corpus Linguistics. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Wray, A
    2002 Formulaic Language and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511519772
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511519772 [Google Scholar]
  43. 2008 Formulaic Language: Pushing the Boundaries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]

  • From This Site

    /content/books/9789027268358-bct.74.02lev
    dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal
    10
    5
/content/books/9789027268358-bct.74.02lev
dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9789027268358
Book
false
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error