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Chapter 1. John Ruskin and the mutual influences of children’s literature and the avant-garde

image of Chapter 1. John Ruskin and the mutual influences of children’s literature and the avant-garde

This chapter traces some nineteenth-century ideas, here tied to the art critic/social reformer John Ruskin, which connect children’s literature and culture with the future avant-gardes. Ruskin praised the energy of early art in the cultures he loved, celebrated the potential influence of improved nursery books, recognized the positive aspects of the grotesque which, in that era, were a regular feature of children’s literature and entertainment, and contributed his inspiration to the Arts and Crafts movement, a contributor to the development of the picturebook ideal synthesis of image and text.

  • Affiliations: 1: Texas State University

References

  1. Busch, Wilhelm
    1865 Max and Moritz. Ed. Robert Godwin-Jones germanstories.vcu.edu/mm/mmmenu.html (24 May 2015)
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Caldecott, Alfred
    1883 Some Fables of Aesop with Modern Instances Shewn in Designs by Randolph Caldecott. London: Macmillan.
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  3. Caldecott, Randolph
    1885 The Great Panjandrum Himself. London: George Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Carroll, Lewis
    1865 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Illus. John Tenniell. London: Macmillan.
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  5. 1871 Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There. Illus. John Tenniell. London: Macmillan.
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  6. Collier, John Payne
    1832 The Tragical Comedy, or Comical Tragedy, of Punch and Judy, as Told to John Payne Collier by Giovanni Piccini in 1827. Illus. George Cruikshank. London: S. Prowett (first published 1828).
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  7. Crane, Walter
    1994 The Decorative Illustration of Books. London: Senate (first published 1896).
     [Google Scholar]
  8. The Elegant Girl, or, Virtuous Principles the True Source of Elegant Manners. 1816 n.p.: S. Inman.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Goldsmith, Oliver
    1879 An Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog. Illus. Randolph Caldecott. London: George Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. 1885 An Elegy on the Glory of Her Sex – Mrs. Mary Blaize. Illus. Randolph Caldecott. London: George Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Grandville, J.J
    1981 Grandville’s Animals: The World’s Vaudeville. Edited by Bryan Holme . New York NY: Thames and Hudson (the metamorphosis pictures first published 1828-29).
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ille, Eduard
    1858 # 226 broadside Die Freunde aus der Kinderzeit. München: Braun & Schneider.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Nicholson, Sir William
    1926 Clever Bill. London: Heinemann.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Rossetti, Dante Gabriel
    1849 Mary’s Girlhood [sonnets inscribed on the painting entitled “The Girlhood of Mary Virgin”] www.rossettiarchive.org (29 September 2013).
  15. 2004  The Correspondence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti . InPrelude to Crisis, Vol. IV, William Fredeman (ed.), 1868-1870. Cambridge: Brewer.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Ruskin, John
    . n.d. The Stones of Venice . InThe Complete Works of John Ruskin, Vol. II. New York NY: Fred DeFau (first published 1851-53).
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1849 The Seven Lamps of Architecture. New York NY: John Wiley.
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  18. 1883a Fairy Land: Mrs. Allingham and Kate Greenaway, Lecture 4. InThe Art of England, 117-160. Orpington: George Allen.
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  19. 1883b The Fireside: John Leech and John Tenniel, Lecture 5. InThe Art of England, 161-200. Orpington: George Allen.
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  20. 1889 Modern Painters IV. Part 5, Appendix 1 Modern Grotesque. New York NY: Wiley (first published 1856).
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  21. 1904 Works of John Ruskin. Edited by E.T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn . Library edition. London: George Allen.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 1976 Fairy Stories. InA Peculiar Gift: Nineteenth Century Writings on Books for Children, Lance Salway (ed.), 127-132. Harmondsworth: Kestral (first published as the introduction to German Popular Stories, illustrated after the original Cruikshank designs, 1868).
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  23. 1995 The King of the Golden River. Illus. Richard Doyle. Sandwich MA: Chapman Billies (first published 1851).
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  24. 1996 The Laws of Fésole. Introduction by Bill Beckley. New York NY: Allworth (first published 1877).
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 1997 The Elements of Drawing. Illustrated edition, edited by Bernard Dunsta . New York NY: Watson Gupthill (first published 1857).
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  26. 2003 Praeterita, with an introduction by Tim Hilton. New York NY: Knopf (originally written 1885-89).
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Turner, Elizabeth
    1811 The Cowslip, or More Cautionary Stories in Verse. London: J. Harris.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Alderson, Brian
    1987 Sing a Song for Sixpence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  29. Barringer, Tim & Rosenfeld, Jason
    2012 Victorian Avant-Garde. InPre-Raphaelites: Victorian Art and Design, Tim Barringer , Jason Rosenfeld & Alison Smith (eds), 9-23. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Chesterton, G.K
    1903 Robert Browning. London: Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 1950 On Pantomime. InThe Common Man, 228-232. New York NY: Sheed & Ward (first published in The Strand).
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Connally, Frances S
    2003 The stones of Venice: John Ruskin’s grotesque history of art. InModern Art and the Grotesque, Frances S. Connally (ed., with introduction), 156-174. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Durand, Marion & Wormuth, Diana
    1969 One hundred years of illustrations in French children’s books. Yale French Studies43: 85-96. doi: 10.2307/2929638
     https://doi.org/10.2307/2929638 [Google Scholar]
  34. Engen, Rodney K
    1976 Randolph Caldecott: Lord of the Nursery. London: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Felstiner, John
    1972 The Lies of Art: Max Beerbohm’s Parody and Caricature. New York NY: Knopf.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Hancher, Michael
    1985 The Tenniel Illustrations to the “Alice” Books. Columbus OH: Ohio State University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Helsinger, Elizabeth K
    2008 Poetry and the Pre-Raphaelite Arts: Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Morris. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Herbert, Robert L
    (ed.) 1969 The Art Criticism of John Ruskin, selected with introduction byRobert Herbert. Gloucester MA: Peter Smith Publ.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Joseph, Michael
    2012 William Morris, modernism and self-concious book making. Ms.
  40. Kayser, Wolfgang
    1963 The Grotesque in Art and Literature. Translated by Ulrich Wisstein . Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press (first published 1957).
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Larson, Barbara
    2005 The Dark Side of Nature: Science, Society, and the Fantastic in the Work of Odilon Redon. University Park PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Le Pichon, Yann
    1982 The World of Henri Rousseau. New York NY: Viking.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Lundin, Anne
    2001 Victorian Horizons: The Reception of the Picture Books of Walter Crane, Randolph Caldecott, and Kate Greenaway. Lanham MD: Children’s Literature Association and Scarecrow Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. McGann, Jerome
    2000 Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the Game that Must Be Lost. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Nelson, Elizabeth
    1985 Tennyson and the Ladies of Shalott. InLadies of Shalott: A Victorian Masterpiece and its Contexts, 4-16. Providence RD: Brown University.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Olson, Marilynn Strasser
    2012 Children’s Culture and the Avant-garde: Painting in Paris 1890-1915. New York NY: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Ormiston, Rosalind & Wells, Nicholas Michael
    2010 William Morris: Artist, Craftsman, Pioneer. London: Flametree.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Nodelman, Perry & Reimer, Mavis
    2003 The Pleasures of Children’s Literature. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon (first published 1992).
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Parton, James
    1878 Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. New York NY: Harper & Brothers.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Petzold, Dieter
    2006 Grotesque. InOxford Encyclopedia of Children’s Literature, Vol. 2, Jack Zipes (ed.), 182-183. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Prickett, Stephen
    1979 Victorian Fantasy. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Sendak, Maurice
    1988 Caldecott & Co. New York NY: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Slessor, Catherine
    2004 The Art of Aubrey Beardsley. Wigston, Leicester: Silverdale (first published 1989).
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Smith, Alison
    2012 Medium and method in Pre-Raphaelite painting. InPre-Raphaelites: Victorian Art and Design, Tim Barringer , Jason Rosenfeld & Alison Smith (eds), 18-23. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Steen, Marguerite
    1943 William Nicholson. London: Collins.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Stevenson, Robert Louis
    1976 Jules Verne’s Stories. InA Peculiar Gift: Nineteenth Century Writings on Books for Children, Lance Salway (ed.), 397-400. Harmondsworth: Kestrel (review first published 1887).
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Swain, Virginia E
    2004 Grotesque Figures: Baudelaire, Rousseau, and the Aesthetics of Modernity. Baltimore MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Tenny, Dana & Shefrin, Jill
    1993 A Quick Wit and a Light Hand. Toronto: Toronto Public Library.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Thomson, Philip
    1972 The grotesque: Methuen Critical Idiom Series. davidlavery.net/grotesque/major_artists_theorists/thomson/thomson3.html (18 July 2011).
  60. Weisberg, Gabriel P. & Becker, Jane R
    (eds) 1999 Overcoming All Obstacles: The Women of the Académie Julian. New York NY: Dehesh Museum and Rutgers University Press.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Busch, Wilhelm
    1865 Max and Moritz. Ed. Robert Godwin-Jones germanstories.vcu.edu/mm/mmmenu.html (24 May 2015)
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Caldecott, Alfred
    1883 Some Fables of Aesop with Modern Instances Shewn in Designs by Randolph Caldecott. London: Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Caldecott, Randolph
    1885 The Great Panjandrum Himself. London: George Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Carroll, Lewis
    1865 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Illus. John Tenniell. London: Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. 1871 Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There. Illus. John Tenniell. London: Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Collier, John Payne
    1832 The Tragical Comedy, or Comical Tragedy, of Punch and Judy, as Told to John Payne Collier by Giovanni Piccini in 1827. Illus. George Cruikshank. London: S. Prowett (first published 1828).
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Crane, Walter
    1994 The Decorative Illustration of Books. London: Senate (first published 1896).
     [Google Scholar]
  8. The Elegant Girl, or, Virtuous Principles the True Source of Elegant Manners. 1816 n.p.: S. Inman.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Goldsmith, Oliver
    1879 An Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog. Illus. Randolph Caldecott. London: George Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. 1885 An Elegy on the Glory of Her Sex – Mrs. Mary Blaize. Illus. Randolph Caldecott. London: George Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Grandville, J.J
    1981 Grandville’s Animals: The World’s Vaudeville. Edited by Bryan Holme . New York NY: Thames and Hudson (the metamorphosis pictures first published 1828-29).
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Ille, Eduard
    1858 # 226 broadside Die Freunde aus der Kinderzeit. München: Braun & Schneider.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Nicholson, Sir William
    1926 Clever Bill. London: Heinemann.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Rossetti, Dante Gabriel
    1849 Mary’s Girlhood [sonnets inscribed on the painting entitled “The Girlhood of Mary Virgin”] www.rossettiarchive.org (29 September 2013).
  15. 2004  The Correspondence of Dante Gabriel Rossetti . InPrelude to Crisis, Vol. IV, William Fredeman (ed.), 1868-1870. Cambridge: Brewer.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Ruskin, John
    . n.d. The Stones of Venice . InThe Complete Works of John Ruskin, Vol. II. New York NY: Fred DeFau (first published 1851-53).
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1849 The Seven Lamps of Architecture. New York NY: John Wiley.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 1883a Fairy Land: Mrs. Allingham and Kate Greenaway, Lecture 4. InThe Art of England, 117-160. Orpington: George Allen.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. 1883b The Fireside: John Leech and John Tenniel, Lecture 5. InThe Art of England, 161-200. Orpington: George Allen.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. 1889 Modern Painters IV. Part 5, Appendix 1 Modern Grotesque. New York NY: Wiley (first published 1856).
     [Google Scholar]
  21. 1904 Works of John Ruskin. Edited by E.T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn . Library edition. London: George Allen.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 1976 Fairy Stories. InA Peculiar Gift: Nineteenth Century Writings on Books for Children, Lance Salway (ed.), 127-132. Harmondsworth: Kestral (first published as the introduction to German Popular Stories, illustrated after the original Cruikshank designs, 1868).
     [Google Scholar]
  23. 1995 The King of the Golden River. Illus. Richard Doyle. Sandwich MA: Chapman Billies (first published 1851).
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 1996 The Laws of Fésole. Introduction by Bill Beckley. New York NY: Allworth (first published 1877).
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 1997 The Elements of Drawing. Illustrated edition, edited by Bernard Dunsta . New York NY: Watson Gupthill (first published 1857).
     [Google Scholar]
  26. 2003 Praeterita, with an introduction by Tim Hilton. New York NY: Knopf (originally written 1885-89).
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Turner, Elizabeth
    1811 The Cowslip, or More Cautionary Stories in Verse. London: J. Harris.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Alderson, Brian
    1987 Sing a Song for Sixpence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Barringer, Tim & Rosenfeld, Jason
    2012 Victorian Avant-Garde. InPre-Raphaelites: Victorian Art and Design, Tim Barringer , Jason Rosenfeld & Alison Smith (eds), 9-23. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Chesterton, G.K
    1903 Robert Browning. London: Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. 1950 On Pantomime. InThe Common Man, 228-232. New York NY: Sheed & Ward (first published in The Strand).
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Connally, Frances S
    2003 The stones of Venice: John Ruskin’s grotesque history of art. InModern Art and the Grotesque, Frances S. Connally (ed., with introduction), 156-174. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Durand, Marion & Wormuth, Diana
    1969 One hundred years of illustrations in French children’s books. Yale French Studies43: 85-96. doi: 10.2307/2929638
     https://doi.org/10.2307/2929638 [Google Scholar]
  34. Engen, Rodney K
    1976 Randolph Caldecott: Lord of the Nursery. London: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Felstiner, John
    1972 The Lies of Art: Max Beerbohm’s Parody and Caricature. New York NY: Knopf.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Hancher, Michael
    1985 The Tenniel Illustrations to the “Alice” Books. Columbus OH: Ohio State University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Helsinger, Elizabeth K
    2008 Poetry and the Pre-Raphaelite Arts: Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Morris. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Herbert, Robert L
    (ed.) 1969 The Art Criticism of John Ruskin, selected with introduction byRobert Herbert. Gloucester MA: Peter Smith Publ.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Joseph, Michael
    2012 William Morris, modernism and self-concious book making. Ms.
  40. Kayser, Wolfgang
    1963 The Grotesque in Art and Literature. Translated by Ulrich Wisstein . Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press (first published 1957).
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Larson, Barbara
    2005 The Dark Side of Nature: Science, Society, and the Fantastic in the Work of Odilon Redon. University Park PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Le Pichon, Yann
    1982 The World of Henri Rousseau. New York NY: Viking.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Lundin, Anne
    2001 Victorian Horizons: The Reception of the Picture Books of Walter Crane, Randolph Caldecott, and Kate Greenaway. Lanham MD: Children’s Literature Association and Scarecrow Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. McGann, Jerome
    2000 Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the Game that Must Be Lost. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Nelson, Elizabeth
    1985 Tennyson and the Ladies of Shalott. InLadies of Shalott: A Victorian Masterpiece and its Contexts, 4-16. Providence RD: Brown University.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Olson, Marilynn Strasser
    2012 Children’s Culture and the Avant-garde: Painting in Paris 1890-1915. New York NY: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Ormiston, Rosalind & Wells, Nicholas Michael
    2010 William Morris: Artist, Craftsman, Pioneer. London: Flametree.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Nodelman, Perry & Reimer, Mavis
    2003 The Pleasures of Children’s Literature. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon (first published 1992).
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Parton, James
    1878 Caricature and Other Comic Art in All Times and Many Lands. New York NY: Harper & Brothers.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Petzold, Dieter
    2006 Grotesque. InOxford Encyclopedia of Children’s Literature, Vol. 2, Jack Zipes (ed.), 182-183. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Prickett, Stephen
    1979 Victorian Fantasy. Bloomington IN: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Sendak, Maurice
    1988 Caldecott & Co. New York NY: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Slessor, Catherine
    2004 The Art of Aubrey Beardsley. Wigston, Leicester: Silverdale (first published 1989).
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Smith, Alison
    2012 Medium and method in Pre-Raphaelite painting. InPre-Raphaelites: Victorian Art and Design, Tim Barringer , Jason Rosenfeld & Alison Smith (eds), 18-23. New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Steen, Marguerite
    1943 William Nicholson. London: Collins.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Stevenson, Robert Louis
    1976 Jules Verne’s Stories. InA Peculiar Gift: Nineteenth Century Writings on Books for Children, Lance Salway (ed.), 397-400. Harmondsworth: Kestrel (review first published 1887).
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Swain, Virginia E
    2004 Grotesque Figures: Baudelaire, Rousseau, and the Aesthetics of Modernity. Baltimore MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Tenny, Dana & Shefrin, Jill
    1993 A Quick Wit and a Light Hand. Toronto: Toronto Public Library.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Thomson, Philip
    1972 The grotesque: Methuen Critical Idiom Series. davidlavery.net/grotesque/major_artists_theorists/thomson/thomson3.html (18 July 2011).
  60. Weisberg, Gabriel P. & Becker, Jane R
    (eds) 1999 Overcoming All Obstacles: The Women of the Académie Julian. New York NY: Dehesh Museum and Rutgers University Press.
     [Google Scholar]

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