Specific Language Impairment (SLI) may be best thought of as probabilisticallydetermined by multiple risk and protective factors. It follows from this that theunderlying deficits in SLI may vary requiring different approaches to treatmentand allowing for the possibility of different strengths or facilitative effects. Notsurprisingly, a range of interventions have been developed. This chapter reviewsavailable approaches and evidence in light of theories related to SLI deficits indomain-specific or domain-general processes, and evidence tapping potentialprotective factors related to SLI. Finally, the optimization of variables that supportthe learning context are discussed. The goal is to provide an overview oftheoretically motivated SLI therapy from which specific interventions matchedto particular children’s profiles can be developed.