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Augmentative, pejorative, diminutive and endearing heads in the extended nominal projection

image of Augmentative, pejorative, diminutive and endearing heads in the extended nominal projection

In this paper evidence will be provided that augmentative, pejorative, diminutive and endearing morphemes are rigidly ordered with respect to one another, pointing to the existence of correspondingly ordered functional heads in the extended nominal projection. The evidence will primarily come from the relative order of the augmentative, pejorative, diminutive and endearing suffixes of Italian, but also from the order of the corresponding bound and unbound morphemes of other languages.

References

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    2007 Typological distinctions in word-formation. InLanguage Typology 3 (Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon), Timothy Shopen (ed.). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511618437.001
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    2001 The Maale Language. Leiden: CNWS Publications. doi: 10.1017/s0041977x04470062
     https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x04470062 [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker, Mark
    1985 The mirror principle and morphosyntactic explanation. Linguistic Inquiry16: 373–415.
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  4. Bailey, Carolina
    2007 Piapoco and natural morphology theory. InProceedings of WIGL 2007 (LSO Working Papers in Linguistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison), Rebecca Shields (ed.), 33–53. vanhise.lss.wisc.edu/ling/files/ling_old_web/lso/wpl/7/bailey.pdf
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  6. Bertinetto, Pier Marco
    2009 Ayoreo (Zamuco). A grammatical sketch. InQuaderni del laboratorio di linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa 8, Ilaria Ricci & Carlo Bertini (eds), 1–59, linguistica.sns.it/QLL/QLL09/Bertinetto_1.PDF
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  7. Bradshaw, Robert L
    2007 Fuyug Grammar Sketch. Data Papers in Papua New Guinea Languages 53. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL-PNG Academic Publications. www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/49610/Fuyug_%20Grammar_sketch.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1994 On the Evidence for Partial N-Movement in the Romance DP. InPaths Towards Universal Grammars. Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne , Guglielmo Cinque , Jan Koster , Jean-Yves Pollock , Luigi Rizzi & Raffaella Zanuttini (eds), 85–110. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cinque, Gugliemo
    2005 Deriving Greenberg’s Universal 20 and its exceptions. Linguistic Inquiry36: 315–332. doi: 10.1162/0024389054396917
     https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389054396917 [Google Scholar]
  10. Cinque, Guglielmo
    2007 La natura grammaticale del diminutivo e del vezzeggiativo. InMiscellanea di Studi Linguistici offerti a Laura Vanelli da amici e allievi padovani, Roberta Maschi , Nicoletta Penello & Piera Rizzolatti (eds), 229–236. Udine: Forum Editrice.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 2010 The Syntax of Adjectives. A Comparative Study.Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014168.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262014168.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  12. De Belder, Mar , Faust, Noam & Lampitelli, Nicola
    2014 On a low and a high diminutive: Evidence from Italian and Hebrew. InThe Syntax of Roots, the Roots of Syntax, Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer & Florian Schäfer (eds). Oxford: OUP. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199665266.003.0007
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  13. Den Dikken, Marcel
    2003 The Structure of the Noun Phrase in Rotuman. Munich: Lincom.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Derzhanski, Ivan A
    2005 On diminutive plurals and plural diminutives. InMorphology and Linguistic Typology. On-line Proceedings of the Fourth Mediterranean Morphology Meeting (MMM4) Catania 21–23 September 2003, Geert Booij , Emiliano Guevara , Angela Ralli , Salvatore Sgroi & Sergio Scalise (eds), 73–90. University of Bologna. morbo.lingue.unibo.it/mmm/
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  15. Dressler, Wolfgang & Merlini Barbaresi, Lavinia
    1994 Morphopragmatics: Diminutives and Intensifiers in Italian, German and Other Languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110877052
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110877052 [Google Scholar]
  16. Ettinger, Stefan
    1974 Diminutiv- und Augmentativbildung. Regeln und Restriktionen. Tübingen: Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Haas, Mary R
    1972 The expression of the diminutive. InStudies in Linguisticsin Honor of George L. Trager , Estellie M. Smith (ed.), 148–152. The Hague: Mouton (Also in Dil, Anwar S. (ed.). 1978. Language, Culture and History: Essays by Mary R. Haas, 82–88. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press).
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Julien, Marit
    2005 Nominal Phrases from a Scandinavian Perspective [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 87]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.87
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.87 [Google Scholar]
  19. Jurafsky, Daniel
    1996 Universal tendencies in the semantics of the diminutive. Language72: 533–578. doi: 10.2307/416278
     https://doi.org/10.2307/416278 [Google Scholar]
  20. Kayne, Richard, S
    2007 Several, few and many. Lingua117: 832–858 (Reprinted in Kayne, Richard S. 2010. Comparisons and Contrasts. 29–56. Oxford: OUP). doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.005 [Google Scholar]
  21. Kruisinga, Etsko
    1942.Diminutieve en affektieve suffixen in de germaanse talen. Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde5: 443–504.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Lepschy, Giulio
    1989 Diminutivi veneti e italiani (a proposito di Libera nos a malo), inNuovi saggi di linguistica italiana, Giulio Lepschy (ed.), 185–197. Bologna: Il Mulino.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Lojenga, Constance, Kutsch
    1994 Ngiti: A Central-Sudanic Language of Zaire. Köln: Köppe. doi: 10.2307/417412
     https://doi.org/10.2307/417412 [Google Scholar]
  24. Matisoff, James
    1992 The mother of all morphemes: Augmentatives and diminutives in areal and universal perspective. InPapers from the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1991, Martha Ratliff & Eric Schiller (eds), 293–349. Tempe AZ: Arizona State University).
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Mosel, Ulrike & Thiesen, Yvonne
    2007 Teop sketch grammar. Ms, University of Kiel. www.linguistik.uni-kiel.de/Teop_Sketch_Grammar_May07.pdf
  26. Nichols, Johanna
    1971 Diminutive consonant symbolism in western North America. Language47: 826–848. DOI:10.2307/412159
     https://doi.org/10.2307/412159 [Google Scholar]
  27. Nieuwenhuis, Paul
    1985 Diminutives. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Edinburgh.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Sapir, Edward
    1911 Diminutive and augmentative consonantism in Wishram. InHandbook of American Indian Languages, Bulletin 40, Part 1, Franz Boas (ed.), 638–645. Washington DC: Bureau of American Ethnology. doi: 10.1515/9783110851090.243
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110851090.243 [Google Scholar]
  29. Schmidt, Hans
    2002 Rotuman. InThe Oceanic Languages, John Lynch , Malcom Ross & Terry Crowley (eds), 815–832. Richmond: Curzon Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Scott, Gary-John
    2002 Stacked adjectival modification and the structure of the nominal phrases. InFunctional Structure in DP and IP. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol.1, Gugliemo Cinque (ed.), 91–120. Oxford: OUP. lear.unive.it/handle/10278/1355
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Small, Priscilla C
    1990 Syntactic sketch of Coatzospan Mixtec. InStudies in the Syntax of Mixtecan Languages 2, C. Henry Bradley & Barbara E. Hollenbach (eds), 261–479. Dallas TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, Arlington.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Sohn, Ho-min
    1994 Korean. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Spaulding, Crag & Spaulding, Pat
    1994.Phonology and grammar of Nankina. Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages 41. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Sproat, Richard & Shih, Chilin
    1990 The cross-linguistic distribution of adjective ordering restrictions. InInterdisciplinary Approaches to Language: Essays in Honor of S.-Y. Kuroda, C. Georgopoulos & R. Ishihara (eds), 565–593. Dordrecht: Kluwer. doi: 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑3818‑5_30
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3818-5_30 [Google Scholar]
  35. Voeykova, Maria D
    1998 Acquisition of diminutives by a Russian child: Preliminary observations in connection with the early adjectives. InStudies in the Acquisition of Number and Diminutive Marking [Antwerp Papers in Linguistics 95], Steven Gillis (ed.), 97–113. webhost.ua.ac.be/apil/apil95/diminutives1.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Wiltschko, Martina
    2006 Why should diminutives count?InOrganizing Grammar. Linguistic Studies in Honor of Henk van Riemsdijk , Hans Broekhuis , Norbert Corver , Riny Huijbregts , Ursula Kleinhenz & Jan Koster (eds), 669–679. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110892994.xvii
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110892994.xvii [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Aikhenvald, Alexandra, Y
    2007 Typological distinctions in word-formation. InLanguage Typology 3 (Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon), Timothy Shopen (ed.). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511618437.001
     https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511618437.001 [Google Scholar]
  2. Azeb, Amha
    2001 The Maale Language. Leiden: CNWS Publications. doi: 10.1017/s0041977x04470062
     https://doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x04470062 [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker, Mark
    1985 The mirror principle and morphosyntactic explanation. Linguistic Inquiry16: 373–415.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Bailey, Carolina
    2007 Piapoco and natural morphology theory. InProceedings of WIGL 2007 (LSO Working Papers in Linguistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison), Rebecca Shields (ed.), 33–53. vanhise.lss.wisc.edu/ling/files/ling_old_web/lso/wpl/7/bailey.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bauer, Laurie
    1997 Evaluative morphology: In search of universals. Studies in Language21: 533–575. DOI:10.1075/sl.21.3.04bau
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.21.3.04bau [Google Scholar]
  6. Bertinetto, Pier Marco
    2009 Ayoreo (Zamuco). A grammatical sketch. InQuaderni del laboratorio di linguistica della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa 8, Ilaria Ricci & Carlo Bertini (eds), 1–59, linguistica.sns.it/QLL/QLL09/Bertinetto_1.PDF
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Bradshaw, Robert L
    2007 Fuyug Grammar Sketch. Data Papers in Papua New Guinea Languages 53. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL-PNG Academic Publications. www.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/49610/Fuyug_%20Grammar_sketch.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1994 On the Evidence for Partial N-Movement in the Romance DP. InPaths Towards Universal Grammars. Studies in Honor of Richard S. Kayne , Guglielmo Cinque , Jan Koster , Jean-Yves Pollock , Luigi Rizzi & Raffaella Zanuttini (eds), 85–110. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cinque, Gugliemo
    2005 Deriving Greenberg’s Universal 20 and its exceptions. Linguistic Inquiry36: 315–332. doi: 10.1162/0024389054396917
     https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389054396917 [Google Scholar]
  10. Cinque, Guglielmo
    2007 La natura grammaticale del diminutivo e del vezzeggiativo. InMiscellanea di Studi Linguistici offerti a Laura Vanelli da amici e allievi padovani, Roberta Maschi , Nicoletta Penello & Piera Rizzolatti (eds), 229–236. Udine: Forum Editrice.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 2010 The Syntax of Adjectives. A Comparative Study.Cambridge MA: The MIT Press. doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262014168.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262014168.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  12. De Belder, Mar , Faust, Noam & Lampitelli, Nicola
    2014 On a low and a high diminutive: Evidence from Italian and Hebrew. InThe Syntax of Roots, the Roots of Syntax, Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer & Florian Schäfer (eds). Oxford: OUP. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199665266.003.0007
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199665266.003.0007 [Google Scholar]
  13. Den Dikken, Marcel
    2003 The Structure of the Noun Phrase in Rotuman. Munich: Lincom.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Derzhanski, Ivan A
    2005 On diminutive plurals and plural diminutives. InMorphology and Linguistic Typology. On-line Proceedings of the Fourth Mediterranean Morphology Meeting (MMM4) Catania 21–23 September 2003, Geert Booij , Emiliano Guevara , Angela Ralli , Salvatore Sgroi & Sergio Scalise (eds), 73–90. University of Bologna. morbo.lingue.unibo.it/mmm/
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Dressler, Wolfgang & Merlini Barbaresi, Lavinia
    1994 Morphopragmatics: Diminutives and Intensifiers in Italian, German and Other Languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110877052
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110877052 [Google Scholar]
  16. Ettinger, Stefan
    1974 Diminutiv- und Augmentativbildung. Regeln und Restriktionen. Tübingen: Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Haas, Mary R
    1972 The expression of the diminutive. InStudies in Linguisticsin Honor of George L. Trager , Estellie M. Smith (ed.), 148–152. The Hague: Mouton (Also in Dil, Anwar S. (ed.). 1978. Language, Culture and History: Essays by Mary R. Haas, 82–88. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press).
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Julien, Marit
    2005 Nominal Phrases from a Scandinavian Perspective [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 87]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.87
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.87 [Google Scholar]
  19. Jurafsky, Daniel
    1996 Universal tendencies in the semantics of the diminutive. Language72: 533–578. doi: 10.2307/416278
     https://doi.org/10.2307/416278 [Google Scholar]
  20. Kayne, Richard, S
    2007 Several, few and many. Lingua117: 832–858 (Reprinted in Kayne, Richard S. 2010. Comparisons and Contrasts. 29–56. Oxford: OUP). doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.03.005 [Google Scholar]
  21. Kruisinga, Etsko
    1942.Diminutieve en affektieve suffixen in de germaanse talen. Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde5: 443–504.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Lepschy, Giulio
    1989 Diminutivi veneti e italiani (a proposito di Libera nos a malo), inNuovi saggi di linguistica italiana, Giulio Lepschy (ed.), 185–197. Bologna: Il Mulino.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Lojenga, Constance, Kutsch
    1994 Ngiti: A Central-Sudanic Language of Zaire. Köln: Köppe. doi: 10.2307/417412
     https://doi.org/10.2307/417412 [Google Scholar]
  24. Matisoff, James
    1992 The mother of all morphemes: Augmentatives and diminutives in areal and universal perspective. InPapers from the First Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1991, Martha Ratliff & Eric Schiller (eds), 293–349. Tempe AZ: Arizona State University).
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Mosel, Ulrike & Thiesen, Yvonne
    2007 Teop sketch grammar. Ms, University of Kiel. www.linguistik.uni-kiel.de/Teop_Sketch_Grammar_May07.pdf
  26. Nichols, Johanna
    1971 Diminutive consonant symbolism in western North America. Language47: 826–848. DOI:10.2307/412159
     https://doi.org/10.2307/412159 [Google Scholar]
  27. Nieuwenhuis, Paul
    1985 Diminutives. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Edinburgh.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Sapir, Edward
    1911 Diminutive and augmentative consonantism in Wishram. InHandbook of American Indian Languages, Bulletin 40, Part 1, Franz Boas (ed.), 638–645. Washington DC: Bureau of American Ethnology. doi: 10.1515/9783110851090.243
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110851090.243 [Google Scholar]
  29. Schmidt, Hans
    2002 Rotuman. InThe Oceanic Languages, John Lynch , Malcom Ross & Terry Crowley (eds), 815–832. Richmond: Curzon Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Scott, Gary-John
    2002 Stacked adjectival modification and the structure of the nominal phrases. InFunctional Structure in DP and IP. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol.1, Gugliemo Cinque (ed.), 91–120. Oxford: OUP. lear.unive.it/handle/10278/1355
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Small, Priscilla C
    1990 Syntactic sketch of Coatzospan Mixtec. InStudies in the Syntax of Mixtecan Languages 2, C. Henry Bradley & Barbara E. Hollenbach (eds), 261–479. Dallas TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics and University of Texas, Arlington.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Sohn, Ho-min
    1994 Korean. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Spaulding, Crag & Spaulding, Pat
    1994.Phonology and grammar of Nankina. Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages 41. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Sproat, Richard & Shih, Chilin
    1990 The cross-linguistic distribution of adjective ordering restrictions. InInterdisciplinary Approaches to Language: Essays in Honor of S.-Y. Kuroda, C. Georgopoulos & R. Ishihara (eds), 565–593. Dordrecht: Kluwer. doi: 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑3818‑5_30
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3818-5_30 [Google Scholar]
  35. Voeykova, Maria D
    1998 Acquisition of diminutives by a Russian child: Preliminary observations in connection with the early adjectives. InStudies in the Acquisition of Number and Diminutive Marking [Antwerp Papers in Linguistics 95], Steven Gillis (ed.), 97–113. webhost.ua.ac.be/apil/apil95/diminutives1.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Wiltschko, Martina
    2006 Why should diminutives count?InOrganizing Grammar. Linguistic Studies in Honor of Henk van Riemsdijk , Hans Broekhuis , Norbert Corver , Riny Huijbregts , Ursula Kleinhenz & Jan Koster (eds), 669–679. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110892994.xvii
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110892994.xvii [Google Scholar]

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