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Temperature terms in Modern Eastern Armenian

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This paper discusses the lexical expression of temperature concepts in Eastern Armenian within the general framework of the lexical typology of temperature terms. Eastern Armenian displays adjective-like tactile, noun-like ambient and verb-like personal temperature expressions. These part-of-speech preferences also have some less visible correlates in derivational morphology. Although lexical diversity is greater in the domain of hot temperatures, with its variety of non-derived nouns and adjectives and a special class of fire temperatures forming a separate kind of temperature additional to the ambient, tactile and personal kinds, corpus statistics show that Armenian has a clearly triangular system with only one salient term for tactile and ambient domains, referring to both hot and warm temperatures, while the cold domain is divided between more or less dedicated and almost equally frequent tactile and ambient terms. Finally, a brief look at the etymologies reveals that there are very few terms that can be securely traced back to proto-Indo-European. New terms, often of unknown origins, have entered the arena, and the former basic ‘hot’ term has now been ousted to the metaphorical domain by a new term of unknown descent.

References

  1. Ačaryan, Hračya
    1979 Hayeren armatakan bararan (Armenian root dictionary), 4 Vols. Erevan.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Aghayan, Eduard
    1976 Ardi hayereni bac'atrakan bararan (Explanatory dictionary of modern Armenian), Vol. 1-2. Yerevan.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Galstyan
    1987 Armjansko-russkij slovar’ (Armenian Russian dictionary). Erevan: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Armjanskoj SSR.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Goddard, Cliff & Wierzbicka, Anna
    2007 NSM analyses of the semantics of physical qualities: Sweet, hot, hard, heavy, rough, sharp in cross-linguistic perspective. Studies in Language34(1): 675-800.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Jahukyan, Gevorg
    2010 Hayeren stugabanakan bararan (Armenian etymological dictionary). Erevan.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
    2011 “It’s boiling hot !” On the structure of the linguistic temperature domain across languages. InRahmen des Sprechens. Beiträge zur Valenztheorie, Varietätenlinguistik, Kognitiven und Historischen Semantik, Sarah Dessì Schmid , Ulrich Detges , Paul Gévaudan , Wiltrud Mihatsch & Richard Waltereit (eds), 393-410. Tübingen: Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach K
    2010 Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Plank, Frans , Nemati, Fatemeh & Spagnol, Michael
    2010 Temperature terms relative-to-previous states. Paper presented at the Workshop on Temperature in Language and Cognition, Stockholm, 19-20 March.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Sreznevskij, Izmail
    1912[1989] Materialy dlja slovar’a drevnerusskogo jazyka po pis’mennym pamjatnikam (Materials for the dictionary of Old Russian as based on written sources), reprint. Moscow: Kniga.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Ačaryan, Hračya
    1979 Hayeren armatakan bararan (Armenian root dictionary), 4 Vols. Erevan.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Aghayan, Eduard
    1976 Ardi hayereni bac'atrakan bararan (Explanatory dictionary of modern Armenian), Vol. 1-2. Yerevan.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Galstyan
    1987 Armjansko-russkij slovar’ (Armenian Russian dictionary). Erevan: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk Armjanskoj SSR.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Goddard, Cliff & Wierzbicka, Anna
    2007 NSM analyses of the semantics of physical qualities: Sweet, hot, hard, heavy, rough, sharp in cross-linguistic perspective. Studies in Language34(1): 675-800.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Jahukyan, Gevorg
    2010 Hayeren stugabanakan bararan (Armenian etymological dictionary). Erevan.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
    2011 “It’s boiling hot !” On the structure of the linguistic temperature domain across languages. InRahmen des Sprechens. Beiträge zur Valenztheorie, Varietätenlinguistik, Kognitiven und Historischen Semantik, Sarah Dessì Schmid , Ulrich Detges , Paul Gévaudan , Wiltrud Mihatsch & Richard Waltereit (eds), 393-410. Tübingen: Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Martirosyan, Hrach K
    2010 Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Plank, Frans , Nemati, Fatemeh & Spagnol, Michael
    2010 Temperature terms relative-to-previous states. Paper presented at the Workshop on Temperature in Language and Cognition, Stockholm, 19-20 March.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Sreznevskij, Izmail
    1912[1989] Materialy dlja slovar’a drevnerusskogo jazyka po pis’mennym pamjatnikam (Materials for the dictionary of Old Russian as based on written sources), reprint. Moscow: Kniga.
     [Google Scholar]

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