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Subdomains of temperature concepts in Japanese

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Two subdomains of written Japanese temperature adjectives, tactile temperature adjectives (TTAs) and non-tactile temperature adjectives (NTAs), show a striking contrast in terms of two linguistic phenomena: (1) which nouns they can co-occur with, as both attributively modified words and predicatively described subjects; and (2) which regions they focus their metaphorical extensions on. This paper explores these contrasts by analysing a large amount of data through a corpus-based method, specifically using Japanese modern balanced corpora.

References

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    1996 An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman.
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References

  1. Aoki, Kazuo , Ishimoda, Shou , Kobayashi, Yoshinori & Saeki, Arikiyo
    1982 Nihon Shisou Taikei 1 Kojiki (A collection of philosophical thoughts in Japan 1: Records of ancient matters). Tokyo: Iwanami.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. The Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ) 2009 Tokyo: National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Bloomfield, Leonard
    1984[1933] Language. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Croft, William
    1991 Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Hattori, Shiro
    1964 Igiso no kouzou to kinou (Structure and function of the sememe). Gengo Kenkyu (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan) 45: 12-26.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. 1974 Igiso-ron ni okeru sho-mondai (Problems in sememics). Gengo no Kagaku (Sciences of Language) 5: 1-38.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Hosokawa, Hideo
    1985 Gendai nihongo no ondo keiyoushi ni tsuite (On temperature adjectives of Modern Japanese). Shinshuu Daigaku Kyouiku-gakubu Kiyou (Journal of the Faculty of Education, Shinshu University) 53: 59-67.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 1986 Kaze wa samui ka tsumetai ka (Should wind be “samui (cold)” or “tsumetai (cold)”?). Kokugo-gaku Kenkyu to Shiryou (Research and Material on Japanese Linguistics) 10: 1-13.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Kageyama, Taro
    1980 Nichiei Hikaku Goi no Kouzou (Japanese-English comparison on the structure of the lexicon). Tokyo: Shohaksuha.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Kamio, Akio
    1990 Zyoohoo no Nawabari-riron: Gengo no Kinooteki Bunseki (The theory of territory of information: A functional analysis of language). Tokyo: Taishuukan Syoten.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 1997 Territory of Information [Pragmatics and Beyond New Series 48]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/pbns.48
     https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.48 [Google Scholar]
  12. 2002 Zoku Zyoohoo no Nawabari-riron (A sequel to territory of information). Tokyo: Taishuukan Syoten.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria
    2011 “It’s boiling hot!” On the structure of the linguistic temperature domain across languages. InRahmen des Sprechens. Beiträge zur Valenztheorie, Varietätenlinguistik, Kognitiven und Historischen Semantik, Sarah Dessì Schmid , Ulrich Detges , Paul Gévaudan , Wiltrud Mihatsch & Richard Waltereit (eds), 393–410. Tübingen: Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Kӧvecses, Zoltӑn
    1990 Emotion Concepts. Dordrecht: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4612‑3312‑1
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3312-1 [Google Scholar]
  15. 2000 Metaphor and Emotion: Language, Culture, and Body in Human Feeling. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Kunihiro, Tetsuya
    1965 Nichiei ondo keiyoushi no igiso no kouzou to taikei (Structure and system of sememes of temperature adjectives in Japanese and English). Kokugo-gaku (Studies in the Japanese Language) 60: 199-213.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1967 Kouzou-teki Imi-ron (Structural semantics: A contrastive study of English and Japanese). Tokyo: Sanseido.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 1981 Goi no kouzou no hikaku (Structure and comparison of lexicon). InNichiei-go Hikaku Kouza 3 Imi to Goi (Lectures on Japanese-English comparison 3: Meaning and lexicon), Tetsuya Kunihiro (ed.), 15-52. Tokyo: Taishukan.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Kuno, Susumu
    1973 The Structure of the Japanese Language. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Lakoff, George
    1987 Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  21. Lakoff, George & Johnson, Mark
    1980 Metaphors We Live by. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. 1999 Philosophy in the Flesh. New York NY: Basic Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Langacker, Ronald W
    1987 Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Vol. 1: Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Martin, Samuel E
    2004 A Reference Grammar of Japanese. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. (First published by Yale University Press, New Haven CT, 1975).
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Morita, Yoshiyuki
    1977 Kiso Nihongo I (Fundamentals of Japanese I). Tokyo: Kadokawa.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Nakamura, Akira
    1995 Hiyu Hyougen Jiten (A dictionary of metaphorical expressions). Tokyo: Kadokawa.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Nishio, Toraya
    1972 Keiyoushi no Imi Youhou no Kijutsu-teki Kenkyu (A descriptive study of the meaning and uses of Japanese adjectives) [The National Language Research Institute, Research Report 44]. Tokyo: Syuei Syuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Oshima, Shouji
    2003 Kanji to Chugoku-jin (Kanji and Chinese people). Tokyo: Iwanami.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. 2006 Kanji Denrai (Adaption of Kanji). Tokyo: Iwanami.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Shibatani, Masayoshi
    1977 Grammatical relations and surface cases. Language53: 789-809. doi: 10.2307/412912
     https://doi.org/10.2307/412912 [Google Scholar]
  31. 1990 The Language of Japan. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Shimotori, Misuzu
    2004 The Semantics of Eight Common Temperature Adjectives in Written Japanese. MA Dissertation, Stockholm University.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Shindo, Mika
    1998 An analysis of metaphorically extended concepts based on bodily experience: A case study of temperature expressions (1). Papers in Linguistic Science4: 29-54.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 1999 An analysis of metaphorically extended concepts based on bodily experience: A case study of temperature expressions (2). Papers in Linguistic Science5: 57-73.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. 2009 Semantic Extension, Subjectification, and Verbalization. Lanham MD: University Press of America.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Sotirova-Kohli, Milena , Rosen, David H. , Smith, Steven M. , Henderson, Patti & Taki-Reece, Sachiko
    2011 Empirical study of Kanji as archetypal images: Understanding the collective unconscious as part of the Japanese language. Journal of Analytical Psychology56(1): 109-132. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‑5922.2010.01893.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5922.2010.01893.x [Google Scholar]
  37. Takashima, Toshio
    2001 Kanji to Nihon-jin (Kanji and Japanese people). Tokyo: Bungei Shunju.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Tsujimura, Natsuko
    2007 An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics [Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics 10], 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Uehara, Satoshi
    1998 Syntactic Categories in Japanese: A Cognitive and Typological Introduction. Tokyo: Kurosio.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Ungerer, Friedrich & Schmid, Hans-Jorg
    1996 An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Watanabe, Minoru
    1970 Goi kyouiku no taikei to houhou (System and method for education of lexicon). InKouza Tadashii Nihongo 4: Goi-hen (Lectures on correct Japanese 4: Lexicon), Kenji Morioka , Masaru Nagano & Yutaka Miyaji (eds), 289-310. Tokyo: Meiji Shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Yamaguchi, Nakami
    1982 Kankaku kanjou goi no rekishi (History of sensory/emotional lexicon). InKouza Nihongo-gaku: Goi-shi (Lectures on Japanese linguistics: History of the lexicon), Kenji Morioka , Yutaka Miyaji , Hideo Teramura & Yoshiaki Kawabata (eds), 202-227. Tokyo: Meiji Shoin.
     [Google Scholar]

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