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Her blue eyes are red

An idealized cognitive model of conceptual color metonymy in English

image of <i>Her blue eyes are red</i>

The lexical frame of color as a primary experience is often used to exemplify linguistic theories and yet there is still a lack of a cognitive color model. Cognitive linguistics establishes meaning in a central role through the ideas of embodied experience and cognitive models that are evinced through usage-based analysis. I present the fifth type of distinction in a conceptual mapping of color in English; four types have been presented earlier in Sandford (2010, 2011a and 2011b). The new part of this mapping is Conceptual Color Metonymy, based on one hundred random examples of each of six basic color terms extracted from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. An idealized cognitive model of conceptual color metonymy mapping reveals primary conceptual correlations in experience, and the predominant conceptualization mechanism pattern that emerged from this study is color attribute (is access) for conceptual space.

References

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  2. 2003b “On the Plausibility of Claiming a Metonymic Motivation for Conceptual Metaphor.” In Barcelona [2000] 2003, 31–58.
  3. (ed.) 2003c Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110894677
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    2011 “Introduction.” In Benczes , Barcelona , and Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez 2011, 1–6.
  6. Benczes, Réka , Antonio Barcelona , and Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez
    (eds.) 2011 Defining Metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics: Towards a Consensus View. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/hcp.28
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    1986 Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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     [Google Scholar]
  12. Goossens, Louis
    1990 “Metaphtonymy: The Interaction of Metaphor and Metonymy in Expressions of Linguistic Action.” Cognitive Linguistics1: 323–340. doi: 10.1515/cogl.1990.1.3.323
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    2003 “How Metonymic are Metaphors?” In Barcelona 2003c, 93–108.
  23. Radden, Günter , and Zoltán Kövecses
    1999 “Towards a Theory of Metonymy.” InMetaphor and Pragmatic Inferencing, ed. by Klaus-Uwe Panther , and Günter Radden . Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Reaney, P.H
    1997 A Dictionary of English Surnames.3rd ed.with corrections and additions by R.M. Wilson . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco José
    2003 “The Role of Mappings and Domains in Understanding Metonymy.” In Barcelona 2003c, 109–132.
  26. 2011 “Metonymy and Cognitive Operations.”In Benczes , Barcelona , and Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez 2011, 103–124.
  27. Sandford, Jodi L
    2010 “I Can Tell You What Color it is.” Textus23 (3), 719–735. A special issue entitled Cognition and the Brain in Language and Linguistics, ed. by Marcella Bertuccelli Papi, and Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 2011a “Color Linguistic Vantage and the Surround.” InProceedings of the Seventh National Color Conference, Gruppo del Colore – SIOF Sapienza Università di Roma, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Roma, Italy, 15–16 settembre 2011, ed. by Maurizio Rossi , 153–160. (= Colour and Colorimetry, Multidisciplinary Contributions, 7B). Rimini: Maggioli Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
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     [Google Scholar]
  30. 2011c “Cool, Warm, Dark, Light, or Afterimage: Dimensions and Connotations of Conceptual Color Metaphor/Metonym.” InNew Directions in Colour Studies, ed. by Carole P. Biggam , Carole A. Hough , Christian J. Kay , and David R. Simmons , 205–218. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.167.24san
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     [Google Scholar]
  32. Talmy, Leonard
    2003 Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol. I: Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Wierzbicka, Anna
    1996 Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 2006 “The Semantics of Colour: A New Paradigm.” InProgress in Colour Studies, Volume 1: Language and Culture, ed. by C.P. Biggam and C.J. Kay , 1–24. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.pics1.05wie
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.pics1.05wie [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Barcelona, Antonio
    2003a “Introduction: The Cognitive Theory of Metaphor and Metonymy.” In Barcelona [2000] 2003c, 1–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. 2003b “On the Plausibility of Claiming a Metonymic Motivation for Conceptual Metaphor.” In Barcelona [2000] 2003, 31–58.
  3. (ed.) 2003c Metaphor and Metonymy at the Crossroads: A Cognitive Perspective. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110894677
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110894677 [Google Scholar]
  4. 2011 “Reviewing the properties and prototype structure of metonymy.” In Benczes , Barcelona , and Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez , 7–59.
  5. Barcelona, Antonio , Réka Benczes , and Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez
    2011 “Introduction.” In Benczes , Barcelona , and Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez 2011, 1–6.
  6. Benczes, Réka , Antonio Barcelona , and Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez
    (eds.) 2011 Defining Metonymy in Cognitive Linguistics: Towards a Consensus View. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/hcp.28
     https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.28 [Google Scholar]
  7. Barnden, John A
    2010 “Metaphor and Metonymy: Making their Connections More Slippery.” Cognitive Linguistics21 (1): 1–34. doi: 10.1515/cogl.2010.001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.2010.001 [Google Scholar]
  8. Corpus of Contemporary American English: 450 Million Words (COCA), corpus.byu.edu/coca/
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Cruse, D. Alan
    1986 Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Croft, William , and D. Alan Cruse
    2004 Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511803864
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803864 [Google Scholar]
  11. Dirven, Rene , and Ralf Pörings
    (eds) 2002 Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Goossens, Louis
    1990 “Metaphtonymy: The Interaction of Metaphor and Metonymy in Expressions of Linguistic Action.” Cognitive Linguistics1: 323–340. doi: 10.1515/cogl.1990.1.3.323
     https://doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1990.1.3.323 [Google Scholar]
  13. Kövecses, Zoltán
    2010 Metaphor: A Practical Introduction. 2nd ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Lakoff, George
    1990 Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Lakoff, George , and Mark Johnson
    1999 Philosophy in the Flesh. New York: Basic Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. [1980]2003 Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226470993.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470993.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  17. Lakoff, George , and Mark Turner
    1989 More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  18. Langacker, Ronald W
    1990 Concept, Image, and Symbol: The Cognitive Basis of Grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. 2008 Cognitive Grammar. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  20. Panther, Klaus-Uwe , Linda L. Thornburg , and Antonio Barcelona
    (eds.) 2009 Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1075/hcp.25
     https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.25 [Google Scholar]
  21. Peirsman, Yves , and Dirk Geeraerts
    2006 “Metonymy as a Prototypical Category.” Cognitive Linguistics17 (3): 269–316. doi: 10.1515/COG.2006.007
     https://doi.org/10.1515/COG.2006.007 [Google Scholar]
  22. Radden, Günter
    2003 “How Metonymic are Metaphors?” In Barcelona 2003c, 93–108.
  23. Radden, Günter , and Zoltán Kövecses
    1999 “Towards a Theory of Metonymy.” InMetaphor and Pragmatic Inferencing, ed. by Klaus-Uwe Panther , and Günter Radden . Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Reaney, P.H
    1997 A Dictionary of English Surnames.3rd ed.with corrections and additions by R.M. Wilson . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez, Francisco José
    2003 “The Role of Mappings and Domains in Understanding Metonymy.” In Barcelona 2003c, 109–132.
  26. 2011 “Metonymy and Cognitive Operations.”In Benczes , Barcelona , and Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez 2011, 103–124.
  27. Sandford, Jodi L
    2010 “I Can Tell You What Color it is.” Textus23 (3), 719–735. A special issue entitled Cognition and the Brain in Language and Linguistics, ed. by Marcella Bertuccelli Papi, and Francisco José Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. 2011a “Color Linguistic Vantage and the Surround.” InProceedings of the Seventh National Color Conference, Gruppo del Colore – SIOF Sapienza Università di Roma, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Roma, Italy, 15–16 settembre 2011, ed. by Maurizio Rossi , 153–160. (= Colour and Colorimetry, Multidisciplinary Contributions, 7B). Rimini: Maggioli Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. 2011b “Conceptual Metaphor and the Interaction Between Color and Light”. InAIC 2011, Interaction of Colour and Light in the Arts and Sciences, Midterm Meeting of the International Colour Association (AIC), 7–10 June 2011, Zurich, Switzerland: Conference Proceedings, ed. by Verena M. Schindler , and Stephan Cuber , 706–709. Zurich: pro/colore.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. 2011c “Cool, Warm, Dark, Light, or Afterimage: Dimensions and Connotations of Conceptual Color Metaphor/Metonym.” InNew Directions in Colour Studies, ed. by Carole P. Biggam , Carole A. Hough , Christian J. Kay , and David R. Simmons , 205–218. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.167.24san
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.167.24san [Google Scholar]
  31. 2012 Red Clover – Linguaggio e percezione dei colori: uno studio cognitivo applicato alla lingua inglese. Rome: Aracne Editrice.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Talmy, Leonard
    2003 Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Vol. I: Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Wierzbicka, Anna
    1996 Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. 2006 “The Semantics of Colour: A New Paradigm.” InProgress in Colour Studies, Volume 1: Language and Culture, ed. by C.P. Biggam and C.J. Kay , 1–24. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/z.pics1.05wie
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.pics1.05wie [Google Scholar]

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