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Emergent clause-combining in adult-child interactional contexts

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The study analyzes early clause-combining (CC) complex syntax of three Hebrew-acquiring girls in self-initiated autonomous constructions compared to three types of interlocutor-supported contexts – by means of Affirmations (encouraging comments), Scaffolding (structural prompts), and Co-Construction (adult-child clause-combining adjacency pairs). Two of the girls show a marked rise in self-initiated use of explicitly-marked canonical CC constructions along with a concurrent increase in reliance on interlocutor-supported contexts. The third child, who progressed more slowly in producing such autonomous CC constructions, also received relatively little supportive input overall. These findings for an increase in canonical CC usage together with a rise in reliance on supportive contexts suggest that interactive contexts play a role in advancing the consolidation of early complex syntax.

  • Affiliations: 1: Tel Aviv University

References

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  8. (2009) Beyond the sentence: Language development in narrative contexts. In E. Bavin (Ed.), Handbook of child language (pp. 354–375). Cambridge: CUP.
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  9. Berman, R.A. , & Lustigman, L
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  11. Berman, R.A. , & Nir, B
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  21. Clark, E.V
    (2009) First language acquisition, 2nd ed . Cambridge: CUP.
  22. Clark, E.V. , & de Marneffe, M.-C
    (2012) Constructing verb paradigms in French: Adult construals and emerging grammatical contrasts. Morphology, 22, 89–120. doi: 10.1007/s11525‑011‑9193‑6
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-011-9193-6 [Google Scholar]
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  24. Diessel, H
    (2004) The acquisition of complex sentences. Cambridge: CUP.
  25. Dromi, E. , & Berman, R.A
    (1982) A morphemic measure of early language development. Journal of Child Language , 9, 403–424. doi: 10.1017/S0305000900004785
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900004785 [Google Scholar]
  26. (1986) Language-general and language-specific in developing syntax. Journal of Child Language , 14, 371–387.
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  27. Givón, T
    (2009)  The genesis of syntactic complexity . Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Haiman, J. , & Thompson, S.A
    (Eds.) (1988)  Clause combining in grammar and discourse . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.18
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.18 [Google Scholar]
  29. Halliday, M.A.K
    (1989)  Spoken and written language . Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Hickmann, M
    (2003) Children’s discourse: Person, space, and time across languages. Cambridge: CUP.
  31. Huttenlocher, J. , Vasilyeva, M. , Cymerman, E. , & Levine, S
    (2002) Language input and child syntax. Cognitive Psychology , 45, 337–374. doi: 10.1016/S0010‑0285(02)00500‑5
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00500-5 [Google Scholar]
  32. Karmiloff-Smith, A
    (1986) Some fundamental aspects of language development after age five. In P. Fletcher & M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition , 2nd ed. (pp. 455–474). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511620683.026
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620683.026 [Google Scholar]
  33. Limber, J
    (1973) The genesis of complex sentences. In T. Moore (Ed.), Cognitive development and the acquisition of language (pp. 169–186). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑505850‑6.50013‑X
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    (2009) The first language acquisition of complex sentences. In E. Bavin , (Ed.), Handbook of child language (pp. 463–505). Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Lustigman, L
    (2012) Non-finiteness in early Hebrew verbs. Brill’s Annual of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics (BAALL), 4, 213–231. doi: 10.1163/18776930‑00400010
     https://doi.org/10.1163/18776930-00400010 [Google Scholar]
  36. (2013) Developing structural specification: Productivity in early Hebrew verb usage. First Language , 33, 47–67. doi: 10.1177/0142723711426828
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723711426828 [Google Scholar]
  37. MacWhinney, B
    (2000)  The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk, 3rd ed., Vol.1: The format and programs . Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Mann, W.C. , & Thompson, S.A
    (1986) Relational propositions in discourse. Discourse Processes , 8, 57­–90. doi: 10.1080/01638538609544632
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544632 [Google Scholar]
  39. Nir, B
    (2008)  Clause packages as constructions in developing narrative discourse . Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Tel Aviv University.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Nir, B. , & Berman, R.A
    (2010a) Complex syntax as a window on contrastive rhetoric. Journal of Pragmatics , 42, 744–765. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.07.006
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.07.006 [Google Scholar]
  41. (2010b) Parts of speech as constructions: The case of Hebrew “adverbs”. Constructions and Frames , 2, 242–274. doi: 10.1075/cf.2.2.05nir
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cf.2.2.05nir [Google Scholar]
  42. Ravid, D
    (1997) Morphological development a duo: Pre- and proto-morphology in the language of Hebrew-speaking twins. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics ,33, 79–102.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. (2012)  Spelling morphology: The psycholinguistics of Hebrew spelling . Dordrecht: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4419‑0588‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0588-8 [Google Scholar]
  44. Reilly, J.S
    (1986) The acquisition of temporals and conditions. In E.C. Traugott , A. ter Meulen , J.S. Reilly , & C.A. Ferguson (Eds.), On conditionals (pp. 309–331). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511753466.017
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511753466.017 [Google Scholar]
  45. Scollon, R
    (1976)  Conversations with a one-year-old: A case study of the developmental foundations of syntax . Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Silva, M.L. , Sánchez Abchi, V. , & Borzone, A
    (2010) Subordinated clause usage and assessment of syntactic maturity. Journal of Writing Research ,2, 47–64.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Uziel-Karl, S. & Berman, R.A
    (2000) Where’s ellipsis: Whether and why there are missing arguments in Hebrew child language. Linguistics , 38, 457–482. doi: 10.1515/ling.38.3.457
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.38.3.457 [Google Scholar]
  48. Vasilyeva, M. , Waterfall, H. , & Huttenlocher, J
    (2008) Emergence of syntax: Commonalities and differences across children. Developmental Science , 11, 84–97. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑7687.2007.00656.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687. 2007.00656.x [Google Scholar]
  49. Veneziano, E
    (1999) Early lexical, morphological and syntactic development in French: Some complex relations. International Journal of Bilingualism , 3, 183–217. doi: 10.1177/13670069990030020501
     https://doi.org/10.1177/136700 69990030020501 [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Armon-Lotem, S
    (2004) The acquisition of subordination: From preconjunctionals to later use. In D.D. Ravid & H. Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot (Eds.), Perspectives on language and language development: Essays in honor of Ruth A. Berman (pp. 191–202). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Arnon, I
    (2011) Relative clause acquistion in Hebrew and the learning of constructions. In E. Kidd (Ed.), The acquisition of relative clauses: Processing, typology, and function (pp. 81–106). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tilar.8.06arn
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.8.06arn [Google Scholar]
  3. Arnon, I. , & Clark, E.V
    (2011) Introduction. In I. Arnon & E.V. Clark (Eds.), Experience, variation, and generalization: Learning a first language (pp. 1–14). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tilar.7
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.7 [Google Scholar]
  4. Berman, R.A
    (1986) A step-by-step model of language learning. In I. Levin (Ed.), Stage and structure: Re-opening the debate (pp. 191–241). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. (1990) Acquiring an (S)VO language: Subjectless sentences in children’s Hebrew. Linguistics , 28, 1135–1166. doi: 10.1515/ling.1990.28.6.1135
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1990.28.6.1135 [Google Scholar]
  6. (1996) Form and function in developing narrative abilities: The case of ‘and’. In D.I. Slobin , J. Gerhardt , A. Kyratzis , & J. Guo (Eds.), Social interaction, context, and language (pp. 243–268). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. (1997) Theory and research in the acquisition of Hebrew as a first language. In Y. Shimron (Ed.), Studies in the psychology of language (pp. 37–69). Jerusalem: Magnes.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. (2009) Beyond the sentence: Language development in narrative contexts. In E. Bavin (Ed.), Handbook of child language (pp. 354–375). Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Berman, R.A. , & Lustigman, L
    (2012) HARSP: A developmental language profile for Hebrew. In M.J. Ball , D. Crystal , & P. Fletcher (Eds.), Assessing grammar: The languages of LARSP (pp. 43–76). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Berman, R.A. , & Neeman, Y
    (1994) Development of linguistic forms: Hebrew. In R.A. Berman & D.I. Slobin (Eds.), Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study (pp. 285–328). Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Berman, R.A. , & Nir, B
    (2009) Clause-packaging in narratives: A crosslinguistic developmental study. In J. Guo , E. Lieven , S. Ervin-Tripp , N. Budwig , S. Özçalişkan , & K. Nakamura (Eds.), Cross-linguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan I. Slobin (pp. 149–162). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. (2012) Clause-combining in Hebrew from early childhood across adolescence. Interim Scientific Reports to Israel Science Foundation [Grant No. 190/10], Jerusalem, Israel.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Berman, R.A. , & Slobin, D.I
    (1994)  Relating events in narrative: A crosslinguistic developmental study . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Bloom, L
    (1970)  Language development: Form and function in emerging grammars . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Bloom, L. , & Capatides, J.B
    (1987) Sources of meaning in the acquisition of complex syntax: The sample case of causality. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 43, 112–128. doi: 10.1016/0022‑0965(87)90054‑3
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(87)90054-3 [Google Scholar]
  16. Bowerman, M
    (1979) The acquisition of complex sentences. In P. Fletcher & M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition , 1st ed . (pp. 283–305). Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Bowerman, M. , & Perdue, C
    (Eds.) (1990)  The structure of the simple clause in language acquisition [Special Issue]. Linguistics , 28. doi: 10.1515/ling.1990.28.6.1253
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.1990.28.6.1253 [Google Scholar]
  18. Braunwald, S.R
    (1985) The development of connectives. Journal of Pragmatics 9, 513­–525. doi: 10.1016/0378‑2166(85)90019‑0
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(85)90019-0 [Google Scholar]
  19. Brown, R
    (1973)  A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. doi: 10.4159/harvard.9780674732469
     https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674732469 [Google Scholar]
  20. Bybee, J. , & Noonan, M
    (Eds.) (2001)  Complex sentences in grammar and discourse: Essays in honor of Sandra A. Thompson . Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Clark, E.V
    (2009) First language acquisition, 2nd ed . Cambridge: CUP.
  22. Clark, E.V. , & de Marneffe, M.-C
    (2012) Constructing verb paradigms in French: Adult construals and emerging grammatical contrasts. Morphology, 22, 89–120. doi: 10.1007/s11525‑011‑9193‑6
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-011-9193-6 [Google Scholar]
  23. De Villiers, J
    (1995) Empty categories and complex sentences: The case of wh-questions. In P. Fletcher & B. MacWhinney (Eds.), The handbook of child language (pp. 508–540). Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Diessel, H
    (2004) The acquisition of complex sentences. Cambridge: CUP.
  25. Dromi, E. , & Berman, R.A
    (1982) A morphemic measure of early language development. Journal of Child Language , 9, 403–424. doi: 10.1017/S0305000900004785
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900004785 [Google Scholar]
  26. (1986) Language-general and language-specific in developing syntax. Journal of Child Language , 14, 371–387.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Givón, T
    (2009)  The genesis of syntactic complexity . Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Haiman, J. , & Thompson, S.A
    (Eds.) (1988)  Clause combining in grammar and discourse . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.18
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.18 [Google Scholar]
  29. Halliday, M.A.K
    (1989)  Spoken and written language . Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Hickmann, M
    (2003) Children’s discourse: Person, space, and time across languages. Cambridge: CUP.
  31. Huttenlocher, J. , Vasilyeva, M. , Cymerman, E. , & Levine, S
    (2002) Language input and child syntax. Cognitive Psychology , 45, 337–374. doi: 10.1016/S0010‑0285(02)00500‑5
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00500-5 [Google Scholar]
  32. Karmiloff-Smith, A
    (1986) Some fundamental aspects of language development after age five. In P. Fletcher & M. Garman (Eds.), Language acquisition , 2nd ed. (pp. 455–474). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511620683.026
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620683.026 [Google Scholar]
  33. Limber, J
    (1973) The genesis of complex sentences. In T. Moore (Ed.), Cognitive development and the acquisition of language (pp. 169–186). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑505850‑6.50013‑X
     https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-505850-6.50013-X [Google Scholar]
  34. Lust, B. , Foley, C. , & Dye, C
    (2009) The first language acquisition of complex sentences. In E. Bavin , (Ed.), Handbook of child language (pp. 463–505). Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Lustigman, L
    (2012) Non-finiteness in early Hebrew verbs. Brill’s Annual of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics (BAALL), 4, 213–231. doi: 10.1163/18776930‑00400010
     https://doi.org/10.1163/18776930-00400010 [Google Scholar]
  36. (2013) Developing structural specification: Productivity in early Hebrew verb usage. First Language , 33, 47–67. doi: 10.1177/0142723711426828
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723711426828 [Google Scholar]
  37. MacWhinney, B
    (2000)  The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk, 3rd ed., Vol.1: The format and programs . Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Mann, W.C. , & Thompson, S.A
    (1986) Relational propositions in discourse. Discourse Processes , 8, 57­–90. doi: 10.1080/01638538609544632
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544632 [Google Scholar]
  39. Nir, B
    (2008)  Clause packages as constructions in developing narrative discourse . Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Tel Aviv University.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Nir, B. , & Berman, R.A
    (2010a) Complex syntax as a window on contrastive rhetoric. Journal of Pragmatics , 42, 744–765. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.07.006
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.07.006 [Google Scholar]
  41. (2010b) Parts of speech as constructions: The case of Hebrew “adverbs”. Constructions and Frames , 2, 242–274. doi: 10.1075/cf.2.2.05nir
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cf.2.2.05nir [Google Scholar]
  42. Ravid, D
    (1997) Morphological development a duo: Pre- and proto-morphology in the language of Hebrew-speaking twins. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics ,33, 79–102.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. (2012)  Spelling morphology: The psycholinguistics of Hebrew spelling . Dordrecht: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4419‑0588‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0588-8 [Google Scholar]
  44. Reilly, J.S
    (1986) The acquisition of temporals and conditions. In E.C. Traugott , A. ter Meulen , J.S. Reilly , & C.A. Ferguson (Eds.), On conditionals (pp. 309–331). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511753466.017
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511753466.017 [Google Scholar]
  45. Scollon, R
    (1976)  Conversations with a one-year-old: A case study of the developmental foundations of syntax . Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Silva, M.L. , Sánchez Abchi, V. , & Borzone, A
    (2010) Subordinated clause usage and assessment of syntactic maturity. Journal of Writing Research ,2, 47–64.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Uziel-Karl, S. & Berman, R.A
    (2000) Where’s ellipsis: Whether and why there are missing arguments in Hebrew child language. Linguistics , 38, 457–482. doi: 10.1515/ling.38.3.457
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.38.3.457 [Google Scholar]
  48. Vasilyeva, M. , Waterfall, H. , & Huttenlocher, J
    (2008) Emergence of syntax: Commonalities and differences across children. Developmental Science , 11, 84–97. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑7687.2007.00656.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687. 2007.00656.x [Google Scholar]
  49. Veneziano, E
    (1999) Early lexical, morphological and syntactic development in French: Some complex relations. International Journal of Bilingualism , 3, 183–217. doi: 10.1177/13670069990030020501
     https://doi.org/10.1177/136700 69990030020501 [Google Scholar]

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