Gender, Language and Ideology

References

1. Abe, Hideko
   2010 Queer Japanese: Gender and Sexual Identities through Linguistic Practices. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/9780230106161
   https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230106161 [Google Scholar]
2. Aeba, Kooson
   1988[1888–1889] “Momiji [Maple] 5.” InShoonenen (fukkoku ban) 1 [Shoonenen (reprint), Vol. 1], ed by Fuji shuppan , 13–14. Tokyo: Fuji shuppan.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Aida, Niroo
   1949 Nihon no komonjo: Joo [Japanese old documents: The first volume]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Anderson, Benedict
   1983 Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Verso.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Anrakuan, Sakuden
   1964[1628] Trans. Toozoo Suzuki . Seisuishoo [Sobriety, drunkenness, laughter]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Barrett, Rusty
   1999 “Indexing Polyphonous Identity in the Speech of African American Drag Queens.”InReinventing Identities: The Gendered Self in Discourse, ed. by Mary Bucholtz , A.C. Liang and Laurel A. Sutton , 313–331. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Bauman, Richard , and Charles L. Briggs
   2000 “Language Philosophy as Language Ideology: John Locke and Johann Gottfried Herder.”InRegimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities and Identities, ed. by Paul V. Kroskrity , 139–204. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Benor, Sarah , Mary Rose , Devyani Sharma , Julie Sweetland , and Qing Zhang
   (eds) 2002 Gendered Practices in Language. Leland Stanford Junior University: CSLI Publications.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Berman, Antoine
   2004[1985] “Translation and the Trials of the Foreign.”InThe Translation Studies Reader, 2nd ed., ed. by Lawrence Venuti , 276–289. New York and London: Routledge.
   [Google Scholar]
10. Bix, Herbert P
    2000 Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
11. Blommaert, Jan
    (ed.) 1999 Language Ideological Debates. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110808049
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110808049 [Google Scholar]
12. Bucholtz, Mary
    1999 “Bad Examples: Transgression and Progress in Language and Gender Studies.”InReinventing Identities: The Gendered Self in Discourse, ed. by Mary Bucholtz , A.C. Liang and Laurel A. Sutton , 3–24. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Bucholtz, Mary , and Kira Hall
    1995 “Introduction: Twenty Years after “Language and Woman’s Place.” ”InGender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self, ed. by Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz , 1–22. New York and London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Bucholtz, Mary , A.C. Liang , and Laurel A. Sutton
    (eds) 1999 Reinventing Identities: The Gendered Self in Discourse. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Butler, Judith
    1990 Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York and London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Cameron, Deborah
    1990 “Demythologizing Sociolinguistics: Why Language Does not Reflect Society.”InIdeologies of Language, ed. by John E. Joseph and Talbot J. Taylor , 79–93. London and New York: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Cameron, Deborah
    1995 “Rethinking Language and Gender Studies: Some Issues for the 1990s.”InLanguage and Gender: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, ed. by Sarah Mills , 31–44. New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Cameron, Deborah
    1997 “Theoretical Debates in Feminist Linguistics: Questions of Sex and Gender.”InGender and Discourse, ed. by Ruth Wodak , 21–36. London: Sage. doi: 10.4135/9781446250204.n2
    https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446250204.n2 [Google Scholar]
19. Cameron, Deborah , and Don Kulick
    2003 Language and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511791178
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791178 [Google Scholar]
20. Chamberlain, Basil H
    1999[1888] Trans. Kazuo Maruyama and Setsuko Iwasaki . A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese, 3rd ed. Tokyo: Oofuu.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Chinami, Kyoko
    2010 “Manga: Jendaa hyoogen no tayoo na imi [Manga: Multiple meanings of gender representations].” InJendaa de manabu gengogaku [Learning linguistics from gender], ed. by Momoko Nakamura , 73–87. Kyoto: Sekai shisoosha.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Coulmas, Florian
    1988 “What is a National Language Good for?”InWith Forked Tongues: What are National Languages Good for?, ed. by Florian Coulmas , 1–24. Singapore: Karoma.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Dan, Michiko
    1943 Josei to kotoba [Women and language]. Tokyo: Sakuragi shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Dower, John W
    1999 Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Doi, Takako , and Beate Sirota Gordon
    1996 Kempoo ni danjo byoodoo kisoo hiwa [The secret story of including equality of the sexes in the constitution]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Dubois, Betty Lou , and Isabel Crouch
    1975 “The Question of Tag-questions in Women’s Speech: They Don’t Really Use More of Then, Do They?”Language in Society4: 289–294. doi: 10.1017/S0047404500006680
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500006680 [Google Scholar]
27. Echeverria, Begoña
    2003 “Language Ideologies and Practices in (En)gendering the Basque Nation.”Language in Society32: 383–413. doi: 10.1017/S0047404503323048
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404503323048 [Google Scholar]
28. Eckert, Penelope
    1989 “The Whole Women: Sex and Gender Differences in Variation.”Language Variation and Change1: 245–268. doi: 10.1017/S095439450000017X
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S095439450000017X [Google Scholar]
29. Eckert, Penelope , and Sally McConnell-Ginet
    1992 “Think Practically and Look Locally: Language and Gender as Community-based Practice.”Annual Review of Anthropology21: 461–490. doi: 10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333 [Google Scholar]
30. Ejima, Kiseki
    1990[1716] Edo no fuuzoku shoosetsu: Seken musuko katagi, seken musume katagi [Light novels in the Edo period: The nature of common young men, the nature of common young women]. Tokyo: Shakai shisoosha.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Endo, Orie
    1997 Onna no kotoba no bunka shi [The cultural history of women’s language]. Tokyo: Gakuyoo shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Enloe, Cynthia
    1990 Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Fairclough, Norman
    1989 Language and Power. London and New York: Longman.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Fausto-Sterling, Anne
    1992 Myth of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men, revised ed. New York: Basic Books.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Fishman, Pamela
    1983 “Interaction: The Work Women Do.”InLanguage, Gender and Society, ed. by Barrie Thorn , Cheris Kramarae and Nancy Henley , 89–101. Massachusetts: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Foucault, Michel
    1981[1972] Trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith . The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Fukuzawa, Yukichi
    1977[1899] “Onna daigaku hyooron/Shin onna daigaku [Comments on women’s learning/New women’s learning].”InOnna daigaku shuu [A collection of women’s learning], ed. by Matsutaroo Ishikawa , 201–273.Tokyo: Heibonsha.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Fujiwara, Yoichi
    1944 Nihongo: Kyooeiken hyoojun koogohoo [Japanese: Standard spoken grammar of the greater co-prosperity sphere]. Tokyo: Meguro shoten.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Fujiwara, Yoichi
    1962 Watashi tachi no kokugo [Our national language]. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Fukaya, Masashi
    1998[1981] Ryoosai kenbo shugi no kyooiku [Education of the doctrine of good-wife-wise-motherism]. Tokyo: Reimei shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Furuta, Toosaku
    1965 “Koogo bumpoo no seiritu [Formation of spoken grammar].” InKoogo bumpoo kooza 1: Koogo bumpoo no temboo [Lectures on spoken grammar 1: Survey of spoken grammar], ed. by Motoki Tokieda and Yoshimoto Endoo , 40–62. Tokyo: Meiji shoin.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Furuya, Tsunatake
    1953 “Onna kotoba [Women’s language].” Mainichi shimbun, March 4.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Futabatei, Shimei
    1962[1888] “Aibiki [Secret meeting].” InNihon gendai bungaku zenshuu 4: Tsubouchi Shooyoo, Futabatei Shimei [A complete collection of Japanese modern literature 4: Shooyoo Tsubouchi and Shimei Futabatei], ed. by Sei Ito , et al. , 380–385. Tokyo: Koodansha.
    [Google Scholar]
44. Futabatei, Shimei
    1962[1906] “Sono omokage [The silhouette].” InNihon gendai bungaku zenshuu 4: Tsubouchi Shooyoo, Futabatei Shimei [A complete collection of Japanese modern literature 4: Shooyoo Tsubouchi and Shimei Futabatei], ed. by Sei Ito , et al. , 298–379. Tokyo: Koodansha.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Gakkai Shishinsha
    1964b[1892, 1893] “Teikoku tokuhon [Imperial reader] and Kootooka yoo teikoku tokuhon [Imperial reader for higher elementary school].” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 5: Kokugo 2 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan 5: National language 2], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 433–673. Tokyo: Koodansha.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Gal, Susan
    1978 “Peasant Men Can’t Get Wives: Language Change and Sex Roles in a Bilingual Community.”Language in Society7: 1–17. doi: 10.1017/S0047404500005303
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500005303 [Google Scholar]
47. Gal, Susan
    1995 “Language, Gender, and Power: An Anthropological Review.”InGender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self, ed. by Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz , 169–182. New York and London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Gal, Susan , and Judith T. Irvine
    1995 “The Boundaries of Language and Disciplines: How Ideologies Construct Difference.”Social Research62 (4): 967–1001.
    [Google Scholar]
49. “Hagaki shuu [Collection of postcards]” 1902 Yomiuri shimbun, December 26.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Hall, Kira
    1995 “Lip Service on the Fantasy Lines.”InGender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self, ed. by Kira Hall and Mary Bucholtz , 183–216. New York and London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Hall, Kira
    2003 “Exceptional Speakers: Contested and Problematized Gender Identities.”InThe Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. by Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff , 353–380. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1002/9780470756942.ch15
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756942.ch15 [Google Scholar]
52. Hall, Kira , and Mary Bucholtz
    (eds) 1995 Gender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed Self. New York and London: Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
53. Halperin, David M
    1995 Saint=Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagiography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
54. Hanawa, Hokiichi
    (ed.) 1925a Zoku gunsho ruijuu 32 ge: Zatsu bu [A sequel of various books on similar topics 32 the last volume: Others]. Tokyo: Zoku gunsho ruijyuu kanseikai.
    [Google Scholar]
55. Hanawa, Hokiichi
    (ed.) 1925b Zoku gunsho ruijuu 24 ge: Buke bu [A sequel of various books on similar topics 24 the last volume: Warrior families]. Tokyo: Zoku gunsho ruijyuu kanseikai.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Hanawa, Hokiichi
    (ed.) 1932a Gunsho ruijuu 23: Buke bu [A sequel of various books on similar topics 23: Warrior families]. Tokyo: Zoku gunsho ruijyuu kanseikai.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Hanawa, Hokiichi
    (ed.) 1932b Gunsho ruijuu 27: Zatsu bu [A sequel of various books on similar topics 27: Others]. Tokyo: Zoku gunsho ruijyuu kanseikai.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Hanawa, Hokiichi
    (ed.) 1932c Gunsho ruijuu 28: Zatsu bu [A sequel of various books on similar topics 28: Others]. Tokyo: Zoku gunsho ruijyuu kanseikai.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Hashimoto, Shinkichi
    1938 Kaisei shin bunten bekki: Koogo hen [Revised new grammar separate edition: Spoken language]. Tokyo: Fuzanboo.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Hida, Yoshifumi
    1992 Tokyo-go seiritsushi no kenkyuu [A study on the history of the formation of Tokyo language]. Tokyo: Tokyodoo shuppan.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Hiraishi, Noriko
    2012 Hanmon seinen to jogakusei no bungakushi: Seiyoo o yomikaete [A report on literature of anguished young men and schoolgirls: Reinterpreting “West”]. Tokyo: Shinyoosha.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Hiramoto, Mie
    2009 “Slaves Speak Pseudo-Toohoku-ben: The Representation of Minorities in the Japanese Translation of Gone with the Wind.”Journal of Sociolinguistics13 (2): 249–263. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2009.00406.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2009.00406.x [Google Scholar]
63. Hirokoo, Ryoozoo
    1941 Hyoojun koogohoo kaisetsu [Standard spoken language commentary]. Osaka: Kyoogoku shoten.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Hobsbaum, Eric
    1983 “Introduction: Inventing Traditions.”InThe Invention of Tradition, ed. by Eric Hobsbaum and Terence Ranger , 1–14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Hokama, Shuzen
    1981 Nihongo no sekai 9: Okinawa no kotoba [The world of Japanese 9: Language of Okinawa]. Tokyo: Chuuoo kooronsha.
    [Google Scholar]
66. Holmquist, Jonathan
    1985 “Social Correlates of a Linguistic Variable: A Study in a Spanish Village.”Language in Society14: 191–203. doi: 10.1017/S004740450001112X
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450001112X [Google Scholar]
67. Honda, Masuko
    1990 Jogakusei no keifu: Saishiki sareru Meiji [The genealogy of schoolgirl: Painted Meiji]. Tokyo: Seidosha.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Horii, Reichi
    1993 “Joseigo no seiritsu [The formation of women’s language].” Nihongogaku12: 100–108.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Hoshina, Kooichi
    1910 Kokugogaku seigi [Lecture on national language studies]. Tokyo: Doobunkan.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Hoshina, Kooichi
    2001[1911] Nihon koogo hoo [Japan spoken language grammar]. Tokyo: Bensei shuppan.
    [Google Scholar]
71. Hoshina, Kooichi
    1936 Kokugo to Nihon seishin [National language and Japanese spirit]. Tokyo: Jitsugyoo no nihonsha.
    [Google Scholar]
72. Hoshina, Kooichi
    1942 Daitooa kyooeiken to kokugo seisaku [The greater East Asia co-prosperity sphere and national language policy]. Tokyo: Tooseisha.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Hyland, Ken
    2005 Metadiscourse. London and New York: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Ide, Risako , and Tomomi Terada
    1998 “The Historical Origins of Japanese Women’s Speech: From the Secluded Worlds of ‘Court Ladies’ and ‘Play Ladies.’”International Journal of the Sociology of Language129: 139–156. doi: 10.1515/ijsl.1998.129.139
    https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1998.129.139 [Google Scholar]
75. Ide, Sachiko
    2003 “Women’s Language as a Group Identity Marker in Japanese.”InGender across Languages, ed. by Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bubmann , 227–238. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/impact.11.13ide
    https://doi.org/10.1075/impact.11.13ide [Google Scholar]
76. Imada, Erika
    2002 “Shoojo zasshi ni okeru “shoojo netto waaku” no seiritsu to kaitai: 1931–1945 nen no shoojo zasshi tookoo bunseki o chuushin ni [The formation and destruction of “girls’ networks” in girls’ magazines: Centering on the analysis of reader’s letters to girl’s magazines from 1931 to 1945].” Kyooiku shakaigaku kenkyuu70: 185–201.
    [Google Scholar]
77. Imaizumi, Sadasuke , and Wasaburoo Sunaga
    1964b[1894] “Jinjoo shoogaku dokusho kyoohon [Elementary school reading textbook].” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 5: Kokugo 2 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan 5: National language 2], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 675–785. Tokyo: Koodansha.
    [Google Scholar]
78. Imaizumi, Tadayoshi
    1950 Kokugo gaku gairon [An introduction to national language study]. Tokyo: Yuuseido.
    [Google Scholar]
79. Imaizumi, Tadayoshi
    1954 Kokubumpoo no kenkyuu [A study on national language grammar]. Tokyo: Oobunsha.
    [Google Scholar]
80. Inoue, Miyako
    2003 “Speech without a Speaking Body: ‘Japanese Women’s Language’ in Translation.”Language & Communication23: 315–330. doi: 10.1016/S0271‑5309(03)00011‑9
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00011-9 [Google Scholar]
81. Inoue, Miyako
    2006 Vicarious Language: Gender and Linguistic Modernity in Japan. Berkeley, Los Angeles andLondon: University of California Press.
    [Google Scholar]
82. Irvine, Judith T
    1989 “When Talk isn’t Cheap: Language and Political Economy.”American Ethnologist16 (2): 248–267. doi: 10.1525/ae.1989.16.2.02a00040
    https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1989.16.2.02a00040 [Google Scholar]
83. Ishida, Takeshi
    1992[1954] Meiji seiji shisoo shi kenkyuu [Studies in the history of political thinking in the Meiji period]. Tokyo: Miraisha.
    [Google Scholar]
84. Ishiguro, Yoshimi
    1943 Utsukushii Nihongo: Josei shinsho [The beautiful Japanese language: Women’s book]. Tokyo: Koofuukan.
    [Google Scholar]
85. Ishiguro, Yoshimi
    1951 Nihonjin no kokugo seikatsu [National language life of the Japanese]. Tokyo: Tokyo daigaku shuppanbu.
    [Google Scholar]
86. Ishii, Kendoo
    1944 Zooho kaitei Meiji jibutsu kigen jookan [A revised and enlarged origin of things in Meiji, Vol. 1]. Tokyo: Shunyoodoo.
    [Google Scholar]
87. Ishii, Shooji
    1941 “Chuutoogakkoo no kokugo kyooiku [Language education in secondary school].” InKokugo bunka kooza 3: Kokugo kyooiku hen [Lectures on language and culture 3: National language education], ed. by Asahi shimbun , 222–235. Tokyo: Asahi shimbunsha.
    [Google Scholar]
88. Ishikawa, Matsutaroo
    (ed.) 1973 Nihon kyookasho taikei oorai hen 15: Joshi yoo [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, Letters 15: For women]. Tokyo: Koodansha.
    [Google Scholar]
89. Ishikawa, Matsutaroo
    (ed.) 1977 Onna daigaku shuu [A collection of women’s learning]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
    [Google Scholar]
90. Ishikawa, Tadanori
    1972 “Kindai joseigo no gobi: Teyo, dawa, noyo [Word endings of modern woman’s language: Teyo, dawa, noyo].” KaishakuSeptember: 22–27.
    [Google Scholar]
91. Ishimori, Nobuo
    1941 “Kokumin gakkoo no hanashikata [Language usage in national schools].” InKokugo bunka kooza 3: Kokugo kyooiku hen [Lectures on language and culture 3: National language education], ed. by Asahi shimbun , 80–103. Tokyo: Asahi shimbunsha.
    [Google Scholar]
92. Iwabuchi, Etsutaroo
    1948 Kokugo gaisetsu [Introdution of national language]. Tokyo: Shihan gakkoo kyookasho kabushiki-gaisha.
    [Google Scholar]
93. Iwai, Yoshio
    1944 Hyoojungo no gohoo [Grammar of standard language]. Tokyo: Sankaido.
    [Google Scholar]
94. Iwamoto, Yoshiharu
    (Tsuki no sha, Shujin) 1885 “Baika joshi no den 3 [The story of Miss Apricot Scent 3].” Jogaku zasshi4: 68–71.
    [Google Scholar]
95. Iwamoto, Yoshiharu
    (Tsuki no sha, Shinobu) 1887 “Shoobi no kaori 8 [The scent of a rose 8].” Jogaku zasshi74: 78–82.
    [Google Scholar]
96. Iwamoto, Yoshiharu
    (Hagetsushi) 1890 “Josei no kotobatsuki [Women’s speech].” Jogaku zasshi221: 594.
    [Google Scholar]
97. Iwaya, Sazanami
    1968[1888] “Satsuki goi [May carp].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 20: Kawakami Bizan, Iwaya Sazanami [A complete collection of Meiji literature 20: Bizan Kawakami and Sazanami Iwaya], ed. by Shigeki Senuma , 193–213. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
98. Iwaya, Sazanami
    1985[1889] “Jibore musume sakka [Conceited woman writers].” InGenyuushakei zasshi shuusei: Garakuta bunko, 1 and 2 [Collection of magazines of Genyuusha group: Garakuta bunko, Vols. 1 and 2], ed. by Mitsuko Iwata , 398–405, 441–446. Tokyo: Yumani shobo.
    [Google Scholar]
99. Jaworski, Adam , Nikolas Coupland , and Dariusz Galasinski
    2004 Metalanguage: Social and Ideological Perspectives. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110907377
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110907377 [Google Scholar]
100. Jespersen, Otto
     1922 Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
     [Google Scholar]
101. “Jogakusei no heifuu 3 [Bad custom of schoolgirls 3]” 1891 Yomiuri shimbun, Sep 8.
     [Google Scholar]
102. “Jogakusei to gengo [Schoolgirl and language]” 1905 Yomiuri shimbun, March 16.
     [Google Scholar]
103. “Josei wa utsukushiku [Women should be beautiful]” 1951 Fujin kooronMarch :144–155.
     [Google Scholar]
104. Jugaku, Akiko
     1982 “Joseigo no seikaku to sono koozoo [The characteristics and structures of women’s language].” InNihon joseishi 2: Chuusei [The history of Japanese women 2: The middle ages], ed. by Joseishi soogoo kenkyuukai , 173–208. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
105. Kabashima, Tadao , et al.
     2007 Kokugo 1 (joo): Kazaguruma [National language 1st grade, first volume: Pinwheel]. Tokyo: Mitsumura tosho.
     [Google Scholar]
106. Kaburagi, Kiyokata
     1989 Meiji no Tokyo [Tokyo in the Meiji]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
107. Kaibara, Ekiken
     1977[1710] “Joshi o oshiyuru hoo [How to educate women].” In[A collection of women’s learning]ed. by Onna daigaku shuu, Matsutaroo Ishikawa , 1–26. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
     [Google Scholar]
108. Kaigo, Tokiomi
     (ed.) 1964a Nihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 2: Shuushin 2 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 2: Moral 2]. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
109. Kaigo, Tokiomi
     (ed.) 1964b Nihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 5: Kokugo 2 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 5: National language 2]. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
110. Kan, Satoko
     2001 Media no jidai: Meiji bungaku o meguru jookyoo [The time of media: Circumstance around Meiji literature]. Tokyo: Soobunsha shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
111. Kanai, Keiko
     1997 “Jigazoo no ressun: Jogaku sekai no tookookiji o chuushin ni [The lesson of self-portrait: Centering on the reader’s columns in Jogaku sekai].” InMedia, hyooshoo, ideorogii: Meiji 30 nendai no bunka kenkyuu [Media, representation and ideology: Cultural studies of Meiji 30’s], ed. by Yooichi Komori , Kensuke Koono and Osamu Takahashi , 288–318. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
112. Kanai, Yasuzoo
     1901 Nihon zokugo bunten [Japan colloquial grammar]. Tokyo: Hooeikan.
     [Google Scholar]
113. Kanoo, Mikiyo
     1995 Onna tachi no “juugo”: Zooho shinpan [“Behind the guns” of women: A revised and enlarged new edition]. Tokyo: Inpakuto shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
114. Karasawa, Tomitaroo
     1958 Nihon no joshi gakusei: Sandai joshi gakusei no seishunfu [Japanese female students: A record of youthful days in three generations of female students]. Tokyo: Dainihon yuubenkai koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
115. Kasuga, Kazuo
     1965 “Koogo bumpoo no ayumi [Development of spoken grammar].” InKoogo bumpoo kooza 1: Koogo bumpoo no temboo [Lectures on spoken grammar 1: Survey of spoken grammar], ed. by Motoki Tokieda and Yoshimoto Endoo , 63–88. Tokyo: Meiji shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
116. Kasuga, Masaharu
     1985[1918] “Kokubumpoo kyooiku [Education in national language grammar].” InKasuga Masaharu chosaku shuu 7 [Collected works of Masaharu Kasuga 7], ed. by Haruo Kasuga , 1–298. Tokyo: Benseisha.
     [Google Scholar]
117. Katz, Jonathan Ned
     1995 The Invention of Heterosexuality. New York: Dutton, Penguin.
     [Google Scholar]
118. Kawamura, Kunimitsu
     1993 Otome no inori: Kindai josei imeeji no tanjoo [The maiden’s prayer: The birth of the image of modern women]. Tokyo: Kinokuniya shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
119. Kawashima, Takenori
     1950 Nihon shakai no kazoku koosei [Family structure of the Japanese society]. Tokyo: Nihon hyooronsha.
     [Google Scholar]
120. Kieda, Masuichi
     1931 Kootoo koogohoo koogi [Secondary spoken language grammar course]. Tokyo: Meguro shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
121. Kieda, Masuichi
     1937 Kootoo kokubumpoo shinkoo: Hinshi hen [New lectures on high school national grammar: Parts of speech]. Tokyo: Tooyoo tosho.
     [Google Scholar]
122. Kieda, Masuichi
     1943 Kotoba zukai no sahoo [The manner of language use]. Osaka: Osakadoo shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
123. Kikuchi, Yuuhoo
     1969[1903] “Chi kyoodai [Bosom sisters].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 93: Meiji katei shoosetsu shuu [A complete collection of Meiji literature 93: Meiji family novels], ed. by Shigeki Senuma , 89–240. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
124. Kikuzawa, Sueo
     1929 “Fujin no kotoba no tokuchoo ni tsuite [On characteristics of ladies’ language].” Kokugo kyooiku14 (3): 66–75.
     [Google Scholar]
125. Kikuzawa, Sueo
     1933 “Kokugo isooron [Variations of national language].” InKokugo kagaku kooza 3: Kokugo gaku, ippan to tokushu [Lectures on national-language science 3: National language study, general usage and special usage], ed. by Sueo Kikuzawa , 3–67. Tokyo: Meiji shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
126. Kikuzawa, Sueo
     1940 Kokugo to kokuminsei: Nihon seishin no senmei [National language and nationality: The clarification of Japanese spirit]. Tokyo: Shuubunkan.
     [Google Scholar]
127. Kindaichi, Kyoosuke
     1942 Kokugo kenkyuu [A study of the national language]. Tokyo: Yagumo shorin.
     [Google Scholar]
128. Kindaichi, Kyoosuke
     1948 Nihongo no shinro [The course of the Japanese language]. Kyoto: Kyoto inshokan.
     [Google Scholar]
129. Kindaichi, Kyoosuke
     1949 Kokugo gaku nyuumon [An introduction to national language studies]. Tokyo: Yoshikawa koobunkan.
     [Google Scholar]
130. Kinkoo Doo
     1964[1900] “Jinjoo kokugo tokuhon [Elementary school national language reader] and Kootoo kokugo tokuhon [Higher elementary school national language reader].” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 6: Kokugo 3 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 6: National language 3], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 5–193. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
131. Kinsei bungaku shoshi kenkyuukai
     (ed.) 1973 Kinsei bungaku shiryoo ruijuu kanazooshi hen 13: Usuyuki monogatari, Ominaeshi monogatari [A collection of modern literary documents, Story books in kana 13: Usuyuki monogatari and Ominaeshi monogatari]. Tokyo: Benseisha.
     [Google Scholar]
132. Kinsui, Satoshi
     2003 Baacharu Nihongo: Yakuwarigo no nazo [Virtual Japanese: The mystery of social role word]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
133. Kitamura, Nobuyo
     1970[1830] Kiyuu shooran 9 (2): Gengo [Glimpses of Edo ludic life 9 (2): Language], ed. by Keizoo Kondoo . Tokyo: Meicho kankookai.
     [Google Scholar]
134. Kobayashi, Chigusa
     1996 “Josei no ishiki to joseigo no keisei: Nyooboo kotoba o chuushin ni [Women’s consciousness and the construction of women’s language: Centering on court-women’s speech].” InOnna to otoko no jikuu: Nihon joseishi saikoo 3 [The space-time of women and men: The reconsideration of Japanese women’s history 3], ed. by Haruko Okano , 293–336. Tokyo: Fujiwara shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
135. Kobayashi, Mieko
     1993 “Sedai to joseigo: Wakai sedai no kotoba no ‘chuuseika’ ni tsuite [Generations and women’s language: On ‘gender neutralization’ of young generations].” Nihongogaku12 (6): 181–192.
     [Google Scholar]
136. Kokugo choosa iinkai
     1980[1916, 1917] Koogohoo, Doo bekki [Spoken language grammar, Spoken language grammar separate edition]. Tokyo: Benseisha.
     [Google Scholar]
137. Komatsu, Sumio
     1974 “Toosei shosei katagi no edogo teki tokushoku [The Edo language characteristics in Toosei shosei katagi].” Saitama daigaku kiyoo9: 17–28.
     [Google Scholar]
138. Komatsu, Sumio
     1988 “Tokyo-go ni okeru danjo sa no keisei: Shuujoshi o chuushin toshite [The formation of sex differences in Tokyo speech: Centering on the sentence-final particles].” Kokugo to kokubungaku65: 94–106.
     [Google Scholar]
139. Komatsu, Sumio
     1998 “Kimi to boku: Edo Tokyo-go ni okeru tsui shiyoo o chuushin ni [Kimi and boku: Centering on the paired-use in Edo and Tokyo speech].” InTokyo daigaku kokugo kenkyuushitsu soosetsu hyakushuunen kinen kokugo kenkyuu ronshuu [Collections of treatises on national language for the hundred year anniversary of national language studies at Tokyo University], ed. by Tokyo daigaku kokugo kenkyuushitsu soosetsu hyakushuunen kinen kokugo kenkyuu ronshuu henshuu iinkai , 667–685. Tokyo: Kyuuko shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
140. Komori, Yooichi
     2000 Nihongo no kindai [The modern age of the Japanese language]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
141. Kondoo, Kazuko
     1995 “Onna to sensoo: Bosei, kazoku, kokka [Woman and war: Motherhood, family, and state].” InOnna to otoko no jikuu: Nihon joseishi saikoo 5 [Female and male space: Reconsideration of Japanese women’s history 5], ed. by Akiko Okuda , 481–515. Tokyo: Fujiwara shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
142. Kosugi, Tengai
     1951[1903] Makaze koikaze [Magic wind, love wind]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
143. Kootoo jogakkoo kenkyuukai
     (ed.) 1989a Kootoo jogakkoo shiryo shuusei 10: Shuushin kyookasho hen [A collection of documents in higher women’s school 10: Moral textbook]. Tokyo: Oozorasha.
     [Google Scholar]
144. Kootoo jogakkoo kenkyuukai
     (ed.) 1989b Kootoo jogakkoo shiryo shuusei 11: Shuushin kyookasho hen [A collection of documents in higher women’s school 11: Moral textbook]. Tokyo: Oozorasha.
     [Google Scholar]
145. Kotthoff, Helga , and Ruth Wodak
     1997 “Preface.”InCommunicating Gender in Context, ed. by Helga Kotthoff and Ruth Wodak , vi–xxv. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/pbns.42.01kot
     https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.42.01kot [Google Scholar]
146. Koyama, Shizuko
     1991 Ryoosai kenbo toiu kihan [The norms of good-wife-wise-mother]. Tokyo: Keiso shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
147. Kroskrity, Paul V
     1998 “Arizona Tewa Kiva Speech as a Manifestation of a Dominant Language Ideology.”InLanguage Ideologies: Practice and Theory, ed. by Bambi B. Schieffelin , Kathryn A. Woolard and Paul V. Kroskrity , 103–122. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
148. Kroskrity, Paul V
     2000 “Regimenting Language: Language Ideological Perspectives.”InRegimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities, ed. by Paul V. Kroskrity , 1–34. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press.
     [Google Scholar]
149. Kroskrity, Paul V
     (ed.) 2000 Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities. Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press.
     [Google Scholar]
150. Kubota, Yuko
     2005 Shokuminchi Choosen no Nihongo kyooiku: Nihongo niyoru “dooka” kyooiku no seiritsu katei [Japanese language education in Korean colonies: The formation process of “assimilation” education by Japanese language]. Fukuoka: Kyuushuu daigaku shuppankai.
     [Google Scholar]
151. Kugimoto, Hisaharu
     1952 Gendai no Nihongo: Sono jootai to mondai [Modern Japanese: The present state and problems]. Tokyo: Kokin shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
152. Kulick, Don
     2003 “No.”InLanguage and Sexuality Reader, ed. by Deborah Cameron and Don Kulick , 285–293. London and New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
153. Kume, Yoriko
     1997 “Shoojo shoosetsu: Sai to kihan to gensetsu soochi [Girl’s novels: The discursive apparatuses of differences and norms].” InMedia, hyooshoo, ideorogii: Meiji 30 nendai no bunka kenkyuu [Media, representation and ideology: Cultural studies of Meiji 30’s], ed. by Yooichi Komori , Kensuke Koono and Osamu Takahashi , 195–222. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
154. Kunita, Yuriko
     1964 Nyooboo kotoba no kenkyuu [A study on court-women’s speech]. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
155. Kunita, Yuriko
     1977 Nyooboo kotooba no kenkyuu: Zoku hen [The study on court-women’s speech: The sequel volume]. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
156. Kurashima, Nagamasa
     2002 Kokugo hyakunen: Nijusseiki Nihongo wa donoyoona michi o ayunde kitaka [100 years of national language: The path of the Japanese language in the 20th century]. Tokyo: Shoogakukan.
     [Google Scholar]
157. Kusamura, Hokusei
     1969[1902]. “Hamako [Hamako].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 93: Meiji katei shoosetsu shuu [A complete collection of Meiji literature 93: Meiji family novels], ed. by Shigeki Senuma , 3–88. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
158. Lakoff, Robin
     1975 Language and Woman’s Place. New York, Evaston, San Francisco, and London: Harper & Row Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
159. Lee, Yeounsuk
     1996 Kokugo toiu shisoo [The ideology of national language]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
160. Levy, Indra A
     2006 Sirens of the Western Shore: The Westernesque Femme Fatale, Translation, and Vernacular Style in Modern Japanese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press. doi: 10.7312/levy13786
     https://doi.org/10.7312/levy13786 [Google Scholar]
161. Maeda, Ai
     2001[1973] Kindai dokusha no seiritsu [The formation of modern reader]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
162. Maeha, Nakao
     2001[1901] Nihon goten [Japan word grammar]. Tokyo: Bensei shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
163. Maltz, Daniel D. , and Ruth A. Borker
     1982 “A Cultural Approach to Male-female Miscommunication.”InLanguage and Social Identity, ed. by John Gumperz , 195–216. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
164. Maree, Claire
     2007 Hatsuwasha no gengo sutoratejii toshiteno negoshieeshon kooi no kenkyu [A study on negotiation act as a speaker’s linguistic strategy]. Tokyo: Hitsuji shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
165. Maruyama, Rinpei
     1935 Gendai gohoo gairon [Introduction to modern word usage]. Tokyo: Diichi shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
166. Mashimo, Saburoo
     1948 Fujingo no kenkyuu [A study of lady’s language]. Tokyo: Tooa shuppansha.
     [Google Scholar]
167. Masubuchi, Tsunekichi
     1981 Kokugo kyooikushi shiryo 5: Kyooikukatei shi [Historical documents of national language education 5: History of educational systems]. Tokyo: Tokyo hoorei shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
168. Matsumoto, Shigeo
     1941 “Manshuu no fujingo [Ladies’ language in Manchuria].”Manshuu kokugo9: 25–28.
     [Google Scholar]
169. Matsushita, Daizaburoo
     1997[1901] Nihon zokugo bunten [Japan colloquial grammar]. Tokyo: Bensei shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
170. Matsushita, Daizaburoo
     1924 Hyoojun Nihon bumpoo [Standard Japanese grammar]. Tokyo: Kigensha.
     [Google Scholar]
171. Matsushita, Daizaburoo
     1930a Hyoojun Nihon koogohoo [Standard Japanese spoken grammar]. Tokyo: Chuubunkan shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
172. Matsushita, Daizaburoo
     1974[1930b] Kaisen hyoojun Nihon bumpoo [Revised standard Japanese grammar]. Tokyo: Benseisha.
     [Google Scholar]
173. Matsuura, Keizoo
     1936 Bungo koogo taishoo: Gendai Nihongo bumpoo [Modern Japanese grammar: The written and spoken languages contrasted]. Tokyo: Bunkyuudoo.
     [Google Scholar]
174. McClintock, Anne
     1995 Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York and London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
175. McElhinny, Bonnie
     2003 “Theorizing Gender in Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Anthropology.”InThe Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. by Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff , 21–42. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
176. Mihashi, Osamu
     1999 Meiji no sekusharitii: Sabetsu no shinseishi [Sexuality in the Meiji period: The psychological history of discrimination]. Tokyo: Nihon editaasukuuru shuppambu.
     [Google Scholar]
177. Miki, Hiroko
     2001 “Senjika no josei zasshi: 1936 kara 1943 no shuppan jookyoo to dantai kikanshi o chuushin ni [Women’s magazines in the war: Focus on the situation of publication and periodicals of groups from 1936 to 1943].” InSensoo to josei zasshi: 1931 kara 1945 [War and women’s magazines: From 1931 to 1945], ed. by Kindai josei bunkashi kenkyuukai , 14–43. Tokyo: Domesu shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
178. Milroy, James , and Lesley Milroy
     1985 Authority in Language: Investigating Language Prescription and Standardisation. London and New York: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203267424
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203267424 [Google Scholar]
179. Milroy, Lesley
     1980 Language and Social Networks. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
180. Mio, Isago
     1995[1942] Hanashi kotoba no bumpoo: Kotoba zukai hen [Grammar of spoken language: On language usage]. Tokyo: Kuroshio shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
181. Mitchell, Lisa
     2009 Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India: The Making of a Mother Tongue. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
182. Mitchell, Margaret
     1936 Gone with the Wind. New York: Macmillan.
     [Google Scholar]
183. Mitchell, Margaret
     1957[1936] Trans. Yasuo Ookubo and Michinosuke Takeuchi . Kaze to tomoni sarinu [Gone with the wind]. Tokyo: Shinchoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
184. Mitsui, Tametomo
     (ed.) 1977 Nihon fujin mondai shiryoo shuusei 4: Kyooiku [A collection of materials on women’s issues in Japan 4: Education]. Tokyo: Domesu shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
185. Miyake, Kaho
     1972[1888] “Yabu no uguisu [Bush warbler].” InGendai Nihon bungaku taikei 5: Higuchi Ichiyoo, Meiji joryuu bungaku, Izumi Kyooka shuu [The great collection of contemporary Japanese literature 5: Ichiyoo Higuchi, Meiji female writers, and Kyooka Izumi], ed. by Chikuma Shobo , 125–145. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
186. Miyazaki, Ayumi
     2004 “Japanese Junior High School Girls’ and Boys’ First-person Pronoun Use and Their Social World.”InJapanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. by Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith , 256–274. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
187. Mizutani, Osamu , and Nobuko Mizutani
     1977 An Introduction to Modern Japanese. Tokyo: Japan Times.
     [Google Scholar]
188. Monbukagakushoo 1962 “Nihon no seichoo to kyooiku [The growth of Japan and education].” www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpad196201/hpad196201_1_001.html
     [Google Scholar]
189. Monbukagakushoo 1981 “Gakusei hyakunen shi [The one-hundred year history of Japanese school system].” www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/others/detail/1317552.htm
     [Google Scholar]
190. Monbushoo
     1964[1904] “Jinjoo shoogaku tokuhon [Elementary school reader], Kootoo shoogaku tokuhon [Higher elementary school reader] (I e su shi tokuhon).” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 6: Kokugo 3 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 6: National language 3], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 378–614. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
191. Monbushoo
     1972[1904] “Jinjoo shoogaku tokuhon hensan shuisho [Principle of editing elementary school readers].” InMeiji ikoo kokugo mondai shoan shuusei: Goi, yoogo, jiten, kokugo mondai to kyooiku hen [Collection of national language policies after the Meiji period: Vocabulary, word usage, dictionaries, national-language problems, and education], ed. by Sumio Yoshida and Yuuichi Inoguchi , 476–491. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
192. Monbushoo
     1964[1910] “Jinjoo shoogaku tokuhon [Elementary school reader] (Hata tako tokuhon).” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 7: Kokugo 4 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 7: National language 4], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 7–259. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
193. Monbushoo
     1964[1918] “Jinjoo shoogaku kokugo tokuhon [Elementary school national language reader] (Hana hato tokuhon).” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 7: Kokugo 4 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 7: National language 4], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 261–555. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
194. Monbushoo
     1964[1933] “Shoogaku kokugo tokuhon [Elementary school national language reader] (Sakura tokuhon).” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 7: Kokugo 4 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 7: National language 4], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 557–715. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
195. Monbushoo
     1964[1941] “Kotoba no okeiko, Yomikata, Shotooka kokugo [Language lesson, Readings, Elementary school national language].” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 8: Kokugo 5 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 8: National language 5], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 259–709. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
196. Monbushoo
     1985[1941–1942] Fukkoku suminuri kyookasho [Reprint of ink-erased textbook]. Tokyo: Oozorasha.
     [Google Scholar]
197. Monbushoo kyookashokyoku kokugoka
     (ed.) 1949 Kokugo choosa enkaku shiryoo [Historical materials on national language research]. Tokyo: Monbushoo.
     [Google Scholar]
198. Monbushoonai kyooikushi hensankai
     (ed.) 1938 Meiji ikoo kyooiku seido hattatsushi 1 [The history of educational institutions after Meiji 1]. Tokyo: Ryuuginsha.
     [Google Scholar]
199. Mori, Senzoo
     1969 Meiji Tokyo itsubun shi 2 [The unknown episodes of Meiji, Tokyo 2]. Tokyo: Heibonsha.
     [Google Scholar]
200. Morita, Tama
     1943 Fujo tokuhon [A reader for women]. Tokyo: Seikatsusha.
     [Google Scholar]
201. Mosse, George L
     1996 The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity. New York: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
202. Motschenbacher, Heiko
     2007 “Can the Term ‘Genderlect’ be Saved?: A Postmodernist Re-definition.”Gender and Language1 (2): 255–278. doi: 10.1558/genl.v1i2.255
     https://doi.org/10.1558/genl.v1i2.255 [Google Scholar]
203. Murasaki, Shikibu
     1976[1003–1008] Trans. Edward G. Seidensticker . The Tale of Genji. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
     [Google Scholar]
204. Muta, Kazue
     1996 Senryaku toshite no kazoku: Kindai Nihon no kokumin kokka keisei to josei [A family as a strategy: The nation-state formation in the modern Japan and woman]. Tokyo: Shinyoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
205. Mutoo, Tadao , and Masahiko Oka
     (eds) 1976 Hanashi bon taikei 4 [A great collection of funny stories 4]. Tokyo: Tokyodoo shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
206. Nagano, Masaru
     1955 “Danjo dooken de nai Nihongo [The inequality of men and women reflected in Japanese].” InKooza Nihongo 3: Nihongo no shushusoo [Lectures on Japanese 3: Aspects of Japanese], ed. by Haruhiko Kindaichi , 67–81. Tokyo: Ootsuki shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
207. Nagano, Masaru
     1991 Bumpoo kenkyuushi to bumpoo kyooiku [The history of grammatical studies and the education of grammar]. Tokyo: Meiji shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
208. Nagao, Masanori
     1943 Josei to kotoba [Women and language]. Tokyo: Tsukuda shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
209. Nagata, Yoshitaroo
     1976[1935] “Kyuu shiiki no onin gohoo [Phonemic usage in the old quarters of Tokyo].” InTokyo hoogen shuu [Dialects in Tokyo], ed. by Shuuichi Saito , 19–143. Tokyo: Kokugo kankookai.
     [Google Scholar]
210. Nagatomo, Chiyoji
     1993 “Kaisetsu [Commentary].” InOnna choohoo ki, nan choohoo ki: Genroku wakamono kokoroe shuu [Women’s encyclopedia, men’s encyclopedia: A collection of common knowledge for young people in Genroku], ed. by Chiyoji Nagatomo , 382–393. Tokyo: Shakai shisoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
211. Nagel, Joane
     1998 “Masculinity and Nationalism: Gender and Sexuality in the Making of Nations.”Ethnic & Racial Studies21 (2): 242–269. doi: 10.1080/014198798330007
     https://doi.org/10.1080/014198798330007 [Google Scholar]
212. Nakae, Tokusuke
     (Choomin) 1888 “Fujin kairyoo no issaku [A measure to reform ladies].” Kokumin no tomo25: 17–19.
     [Google Scholar]
213. Nakamura, Momoko
     2001 Kotoba to jendaa [Language and gender]. Tokyo: Keiso shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
214. Nakamura, Momoko
     2004 “‘Let’s Dress a Little Girlishly!’ or ‘Conquer Short Pants!’: Constructing Gendered Communities in Fashion Magazines for Young People.”InJapanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. by Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith , 131–147. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
215. Nakamura, Momoko
     2006 “Creating Indexicality: Schoolgirl Speech in Meiji Japan.”InThe Language and Sexuality Reader, ed. by Deborah Cameron and Don Kulick , 270–284. London and New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
216. Nakamura, Momoko
     2007a Onna kotoba wa tsukurareru [Constructing women’s language]. Tokyo: Hitsuji shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
217. Nakamura, Momoko
     2007b Sei to Nihongo: Kotoba ga tsukuru onna to otoko [Sex and Japanese: Woman and man constructed by language]. Tokyo: Nihon hoosoo shuppan kyookai.
     [Google Scholar]
218. Nakamura, Momoko
     2008 “Masculinity and National Language: The Silent Construction of a Dominant Language Ideology.”Gender and Language2 (1): 25–50.
     [Google Scholar]
219. Nakamura, Momoko
     2009 “Metalinguistic Practices vs. Subversive Practices.”Nature-People-Society46: 1–20.
     [Google Scholar]
220. Nakamura, Momoko
     2012 Onna kotoba to Nihongo [Women’s language and Japanese]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
221. Nakamura, Momoko
     2013 Honyaku ga tsukuru Nihongo: Hiroin wa onna kotoba o hanashi tsuzukeru [Translation constructing Japanese: Heroines speak women’s language]. Tokyo: Hakutakusha.
     [Google Scholar]
222. Nakamura, Momoko
     2014a “Affective Attachments to Japanese Women’s Language: Language, Gender and Emotion in Colonialism.”InThe Political Economy of Affect and Emotion in East Asia, ed. by Jie Yang , 177–197. London and New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
223. Nakamura, Momoko
     2014b “Historical Discourse Approach to Japanese Women’s Language: Ideology, Indexicality, and Metalanguage.”InThe Handbook of Language, Gender, and Sexuality, 2nd ed, ed. by Susan Ehrlich, Miriam Meyerhoff and Janet Holmes , 378-395.Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781118584248.ch19
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118584248.ch19 [Google Scholar]
224. Namura, Joohaku
     1993[1692, 1693] Onna choohoo ki, nan choohoo ki: Genroku wakamono kokoroe shuu [Women’s encyclopedia, men’s encyclopedia: A collection of common knowledge for young people in Genroku], ed. by Chiyoji Nagatomo . Tokyo: Shakai shisoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
225. Nanba, Tomoko
     2012 Gakkoo seifuku no bunkashi: Nihon kindai ni okeru joshiseito fukusoo no hensen [The Cultural history of school uniforms: The transition of female students’ attires in the modern Japan]. Osaka: Soogensha.
     [Google Scholar]
226. Narita, Ryuuichi
     1994 “‘Shoonen sekai’ to dokusho suru shoonen tachi: 1900nen zengo, toshi kuukan no nakano kyoodoosei to sai [‘Shoonen sekai’ and the reading boys: Before and after 1900, similarities and differences in the space of metropolis].” ShisooNovember: 193–221.
     [Google Scholar]
227. Natsume, Sooseki
     1961[1905] “Wagahai wa neko de aru [I am a cat].” InNihon gendai bungaku zenshuu 23: Natsume Sooseki shuu 1 [A complete collection of modern Japanese literature 23: Sooseki Natsume 1], ed. by Sei Ito , et al. , 5–201. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
228. Natsume, Sooseki
     1981[1909] Meicho fukkoku Sooseki bungaku kan: Sorekara [The great works of Sooseki reprinted in the literature: And then]. Tokyo: Horupu shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
229. Natsume, Sooseki
     1938[1910] Mon [The gate]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
230. Nichols, Patricia C
     1983 “Linguistic Options and Choices for Black Women in the Rural South.”InLanguage, Gender and Society, ed. by Barrie Thorne , Cheris Kramarae and Nancy Henley , 54–68. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House.
     [Google Scholar]
231. Nicholson, Linda
     1994 “Interpreting Gender.”Signs20 (1): 79–105. doi: 10.1086/494955
     https://doi.org/10.1086/494955 [Google Scholar]
232. Nihon Iezusukai
     1980[1603–1604] Trans. Tadao Doi , Takeshi Morita and Minoru Choonan . Nichiho jisho [Japanese-Portuguese dictionary]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
233. Nihon shoseki kokugo henshuu iinkai
     1954[1950] Taro Hanako kokugo no hon [National language reader for Taro and Hanako]. Tokyo: Nihon shoseki.
     [Google Scholar]
234. Nishihara, Keiichi
     1941 Kotoba no shitsuke [Discipline of language]. Tokyo: Kooseikaku.
     [Google Scholar]
235. Nonomura, Kaizoo , and Tsunejiroo Ando
     1974 Kyoogen shuusei [A collection of kyoogen]. Tokyo: Nooraku shorin.
     [Google Scholar]
236. Ochs, Elinor
     1992 “Indexing Gender.”InRethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon, ed. by Alessandro Duranti and Charles Goodwin , 335–358. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
237. Oguri, Fuuyoo
     1998[1907–1911] Sode to sode [Sleeve to sleeve]. Tokyo: Kawade shobo shinsha.
     [Google Scholar]
238. Okada, Yachiyo
     1957 “Konogoro no kotoba [Language use today].” Gengo seikatsu64: 44–45.
     [Google Scholar]
239. Okamoto, Shigeko
     2004 “Ideology in Linguistic Practice and Analysis: Gender and Politeness in Japanese Revisited.”InJapanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. by Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith , 38–56. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
240. Okamoto, Shigeko , and Shie Sato
     1992 “Less Feminine Speech among Young Japanese Females.”InLocating Power: Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Women and Language Conference, ed. by Kira Hall , Mary Bucholts and Birch Moonwomon , 478–488. Berkeley: Berkeley Women and Language Group.
     [Google Scholar]
241. Okamoto, Shigeko , and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith
     (eds) 2004 Japanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
242. Okamoto, Shigeko , and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith
     2008 “Constructing Linguistic Femininity in Contemporary Japan: Scholarly and Popular Representations.”Gender and Language2 (1): 87–112.
     [Google Scholar]
243. Okano, Hisatane
     1964[1902] “Hyoojungo ni tsuite [On standard language].” InMeiji ikoo kokugo mondai ronshuu [Collection of papers on national language issues after Meiji], ed. by Sumio Yoshida and Yuuichi Inoguchi , 509–514. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
244. Ooe, Sazanami
     1892 Toosei shoonen katagi [Character of contemporary boys]. Tokyo: Hakubunkan.
     [Google Scholar]
245. Ooe, Shinobu
     (ed.) 1988 Juugo nen sensoo gokuhi shiryooshuu 9: Shinajihen Daitooasensoo kan dooin gaishi [A collection of secret documents in the fifteen years of the war 9: The short history from the China Incident to the Great East Asia war]. Tokyo: Fuji shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
246. Ookubo, Tadatoshi
     1956 Machi no gengogaku [Linguistics on the street]. Tokyo: Kawade shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
247. Oono, Wakasa
     1906 “Ara yokutteyo [Ah, I don’t care].” Bungeikai5 (2): 100–102.
     [Google Scholar]
248. Oozorasha
     1985 Fukkoku suminuri kyookasho kaisetsu [Reprint of the commentary on the ink-erased textbook]. Tokyo: Oozorasha.
     [Google Scholar]
249. Ooshima, Kaori
     1990 “Onna ga onna o yakusu toki [A woman translating a woman].” Honyaku no sekai15 (11): 42–45.
     [Google Scholar]
250. Ootsuki, Fumihiko
     1905 “Nihon hoogen no bumpu kuiki [The distribution of Japanese dialects].” Fuuzokugahoo318: 12–17.
     [Google Scholar]
251. Ootsuki, Fumihiko
     1909 “Jo [Introduction].” InNihon koogohoo seigi [Lectures on Japan spoken language], written by Suekichi Usuda . Tokyo: Shooha sanshoodo.
     [Google Scholar]
252. Osa, Shizue
     1998 Kindai Nihon to kokugo nashonarizumu [Modern Japan and the nationalism of national language]. Tokyo: Yoshikawa koobunkan.
     [Google Scholar]
253. Ozaki, Kooyoo
     1994[1888] “Hayari kotoba [Trendy words].” InKooyoo zenshuu 10 [A complete collection of Kooyoo 10], ed. by Makoto Oooka , 4–5. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
254. Ozaki, Kooyoo
     1965[1897–1902] “Konjiki yasha [Gilded demoness].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 18: Ozaki Kooyoo shuu [A complete collection of Meiji literature 18: Kooyoo Ozaki], ed. by Kiyoto Fukuda , 127–327. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
255. Ozaki, Yoshimitsu
     1997 “Josei senyoo no bunmatsu keishiki no ima [The present use of female exclusive sentence-final forms].” InJosei no kotoba: Shokuba hen [Women’s speech: At workplace], ed. by Gendai nihongo kenkyuukai , 33–58. Tokyo: Hitsuji shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
256. Pharr, Susan J
     1987 “The Politics of Women’s Rights.”InDemocratizing Japan: The Allied Occupation, ed. by Robert E. Ward and Yoshikazu Sakamoto , 221–252. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
     [Google Scholar]
257. Philips, Susan U
     2003 “The Power of Gender Ideologies in Discourse.”InThe Handbook of Language and Gender, ed. by Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff , 252–276. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. doi: 10.1002/9780470756942.ch11
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756942.ch11 [Google Scholar]
258. Reihoo yookoo kenkyuukai
     1941 Reihoo yookoo kaisetsu [A general commentary on gist of manners]. Tokyo: Kookoku seinen kyooiku kyookai.
     [Google Scholar]
259. “Reijoo saikun no kotoba [Language of daughters and wives]” 1896 Waseda bungakuFebruary: 148.
     [Google Scholar]
260. Reynolds, Akiba Katsue
     2001 “Direct Quotation in Japanese: A Site for Stereotyping.”InProceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, ed. by Charles Chang , Michael J. Houser , Yuni Kim , David Mortensen , Mischa Park-Doob , and Maziar Toosarvandani , 215–228. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistic Society.
     [Google Scholar]
261. Robertson, Jennifer
     1998 “It Takes a Village: Internationalization and Nostalgia in Postwar Japan.”InMirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan, ed. by Stephen Vlastos , 110–129. Berkeley and London: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
262. Rodriguez, João
     1955[1604–1608] Trans. Tadao Doi . Nihon daibunten [Great Japanese language dictionary]. Tokyo: Sanseido.
     [Google Scholar]
263. Rowling, J.K
     1997 Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. London: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
264. Rowling, J.K
     1999[1997] Trans. Yuuko Matsuoka . Harii pottaa to kenja no ishi [Harry Potter and the sorcerer’s stone]. Tokyo: Seizansha.
     [Google Scholar]
265. Saeki, Junko
     1998 “Iro” to “ai” no hikaku bunka shi [The comparative cultural history of “iro” and “ai”]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
266. Sakai, Naoki
     1996 Shizansareru Nihongo, Nihonjin [The stillbirth of the Japanese language and the Japanese]. Tokyo: Shinyoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
267. Sakuma, Kanae
     1983[1940] Gendai Nihon gohoo no kenkyuu: Kaiteiban [A study of modern Japanese usage: Revised edition]. Tokyo: Kuroshio shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
268. Sakuma, Kanae
     1942 Nihongo no tameni [For the Japanese language]. Tokyo: Kooseikaku.
     [Google Scholar]
269. Santoo, Isao
     2002 Meiji zenki Nihon bunten no kenkyuu [A study on Japanese grammar books in the first half of the Meiji period]. Osaka: Izumi shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
270. Satoo, Haruo
     1999[1941] “Kokugo no junka bika [The refinement and beautification of national language].” InTeihon Satoo Haruo zenshuu 22 [Authentic Texts: A complete collection of Haruo Satoo 22], ed. by Shinichiroo Nakamura , et al. , 166–177. Kyoto: Rinkawa shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
271. Satoo, Sakuma E
     1996 “‘Kiyoki shijoo de gokoosai o’: Meiji makki shoojo zasshi tooshoran ni miru dokusha kyoodootai no kenkyuu [‘Let’s interact on clean pages’: A study on readers’ communities revealed in the reader’s letters of girl’s magazines in the late Meiji period].” Joseigaku4: 114–141.
     [Google Scholar]
272. Satow, Ernest
     1998[1873] Kaiwa hen: Twenty-five exercises in the Yedo colloquial. Yokohama: Lane, Crawford & Co. Reprinted in Collected Works of Ernest Mason Satow, Vol. 1. UK: Ganesha Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
273. Schieffelin, Bambi B. , Kathryn A. Woolard , and Paul V. Kroskrity
     (eds) 1998 Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
274. Schleiermacher, Friedrich
     2004[1813] “On the Different Methods of Translating.”InThe Translation Studies Reader, 2nd ed., ed. by Lawrence Venuti , 43–63. New York and London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
275. Senuma, Shigeki
     (ed.) 1968 Meiji bungaku zenshuu 20: Kawakami Bizan, Iwaya Sazanami [A complete collection of Meiji literature 20: Bizan Kawakami and Sazanami Iwaya]. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
276. Shikitei, Samba
     1982[1811] “Shijuu hachi kuse [Forty eight habits].” InShinchoo Nihon koten shuusei 52: Ukiyo doko, Shijuu hachi kuse [Shinchoo collection of Japanese classics 52: Ukiyo doko and Shijuu hachi kuse], ed. by Yasuo Honda , 189–385. Tokyo: Shinchoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
277. Shikitei, Samba
     1957[1809–1812] “Ukiyo buro [Baths of the floating world].” InNihon koten bungaku taikei 63: Ukiyo buro [A great collection of Japanese literary classics 63: Ukiyo buro], ed. by Michio Nakamura , 1–310. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
278. Shimizu, Shin
     1962 Chikujoo Nihonkoku kempoo shingiroku 2 [Report on the article-by-article discussion of the Japanese Constitution 2]. Tokyo: Yuuhikaku.
     [Google Scholar]
279. Shimpoo, Iwaji
     1964[1886] “Nihon tokuhon [Japan reader].” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 5: Kokugo 2 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 5: National language 2], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 311–432. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
280. Shinmura, Izuru
     1938 “Josei no kotoba [Language of women].” Fujin no tomoSeptember: 96–98.
     [Google Scholar]
281. Shinmura, Izuru
     1972[1942] “Kokugo no kijun [The basis of national language].” InShinmura Izuru zenshuu 2 [Complete works of Izuru Shinmura 2], ed. by Chikuma shobo , 301–413. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
282. “Shinshi no kotoba [Gentleman’s words]” 1896 Waseda bungakuFebruary: 148.
     [Google Scholar]
283. Shiraki, Susumu
     (ed.) 1976 Katakoto [The other language]. Tokyo: Kasama shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
284. Sievers, Sharon L
     1983 Flowers in Salt: The Beginning of Feminist Consciousness in Modern Japan. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
285. Silverberg, Miriam
     1991 “Constructing a New Cultural History of Prewar Japan.”Boundary 218(3): 61–89. doi: 10.2307/303203
     https://doi.org/10.2307/303203 [Google Scholar]
286. Silverstein, Michael
     1979 “Language Structure and Linguistic Ideology.”InThe Elements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels, ed. by Paul R. Clyne , William Hanks and Carol L. Hofbauer , 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
     [Google Scholar]
287. Silverstein, Michael
     1985 “Language and the Culture of Gender: At the Intersection of Structure, Usage, and Ideology.”InSemiotic Mediation: Sociocultural and Psychological Perspectives, ed. by Elizabeth Mertz and Richard J. Parmentier , 219–259. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑491280‑9.50016‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-491280-9.50016-9 [Google Scholar]
288. Silverstein, Michael
     1998 “The Uses and Utility of Ideology: A Commentary.”InLanguage Ideologies: Practice and Theory, ed. by Bambi B. Schieffelin , Kathryn A. Woolard and Paul V. Kroskrity , 123–145. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
289. Soga, Tatsuyuki
     1875 “Kaika hyaku baka no yon [A hundred fools of civilization 4].” Yomiuri shimbun, October 3.
     [Google Scholar]
290. Song, Youn ok
     2009 Datsu teikoku no feminizumu o motomete: Choosen josei to shokuminchi shugi [Searching for the de-imperialistic feminism: Korean women and colonialism]. Tokyo: Yuushisha.
     [Google Scholar]
291. Spender, Dale
     1985 Man Made Language, 2nd ed. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
     [Google Scholar]
292. SturtzSreetharan, Cindi L
     2009 “Ore and Omae: Japanese Men’s Uses of First- and Second-person Pronouns.”Pragmatics19 (2): 253–278. doi: 10.1075/prag.19.2.06stu
     https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.2.06stu [Google Scholar]
293. Sugimoto, Tsutomu
     1975 Onna no kotobashi [The report on women’s language]. Tokyo: Yuuzankaku.
     [Google Scholar]
294. Sugimoto, Tsutomu
     1985 Edo no onna kotoba: Asobase to arinsu to [Women’s language in the Edo: Asobase and arinsu]. Tokyo: Sootakusha.
     [Google Scholar]
295. Sugimoto, Tsutomu
     1998 Sugimoto Tsutomu chosaku senshuu 2: Kindai Nihongo no seiritsu to hatten [Selected collections of the works of Tsutomu Sugimoto: The formation and development of modern Japanese]. Tokyo: Yasaka shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
296. Sunaoshi, Yukako
     2004 “Farm Women’s Professional Discourse in Ibaraki.”InJapanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. by Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith , 187–204. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
297. Sutton, Laurel A
     1999 “All Media are Created Equal: Do-it-yourself Identity in Alternative Publishing.”InReinventing Identities: The Gendered Self in Discourse, ed. by Mary Bucholtz , A.C. Liang and Laurel A. Sutton , 163–180. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
298. Suzuki, Bunshiroo
     1948 Bunshiroo zuihitsu [Bunshiroo essays]. Tokyo: Chuuoo kooronsha.
     [Google Scholar]
299. Suzuki, Tomi
     1999 “Jyanru, jendaa, bungakushi kijutsu: ‘Joryuu nikki bungaku’ no koochiku o chuushin ni [Genre, gender and the historical description of literature: Centering on the construction of women’s diaries].” InSoozoo sareta koten: Kanon keisei, kokumin kokka, Nihon bungaku [The invented classics: The canon formation, nation state and Japanese literature], ed. by Haruo Shirane and Tomi Suzuki , 85–127. Tokyo: Shinyoosha.
     [Google Scholar]
300. Suzuki, Yuuko
     1997 Shinpan feminizumu to sensoo: Fujin undooka no sensoo kyooryoku [Feminism and war revised: War cooperation of woman’s liberation activists]. Tokyo: Marujusha.
     [Google Scholar]
301. Taguchi, Kikutei
     1969[1904] “Meoto nami [Husband and wife wave].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 93: Meiji katei shoosetsu shuu [A complete collection of Meiji literature 93: Meiji family novels], ed. by Shigeki Senuma , 241–364. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
302. Takahashi, Sumire
     2009 “Akujo no yakuwari: Shoojo manga ‘Raifu’ ni miru shoojo no ‘onna kotoba’ [The role of bad woman: A girl’s use of ‘woman’s language’ in the girls’ comic ‘Life’].” Gender and Sexuality4: 17–38.
     [Google Scholar]
303. Takakura, Teru
     1951 Nippon no onna [Japanese women]. Tokyo: Rironsha.
     [Google Scholar]
304. Takano, Shooji
     2000 “The Myth of a Homogeneous Speech Community: A Sociolinguistic Study of the Speech of Japanese Women in Diverse Gender Roles.”International Journal of the Sociology of Language146: 43–85. doi: 10.1515/ijsl.2000.146.43
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2000.146.43 [Google Scholar]
305. Takasaki, Midori
     1993 “Josei no kotoba to kaisoo [Women’s language and classes].” Nihongogaku12 (6): 169–180.
     [Google Scholar]
306. Takayanagi, Kenzoo , Ichiroo Ootomo , and Tanaka Hideo
     (eds) 1972 Nihonkoku kempoo seitei no katei: Rengookoku sooshireibu gawa no kiroku ni yoru: 1 Genbun to honyaku [The making of the constitution of Japan: Based on the documents of the Allied Force Headquarters Vol. 1: Documents and translation]. Tokyo: Yuuhikaku.
     [Google Scholar]
307. Takeuchi, Hisaichi
     1907 “Tokyo fujin no tsuuyoogo [Common speech of Tokyo ladies].” Shumi2 (11): 24–26.
     [Google Scholar]
308. Tanaka, Akio
     1983 Tokyo go: Sono seiritsu to tenkai [Tokyo language: Its formation and transformation]. Tokyo: Meiji shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
309. Tanaka, Chitako , and Hatsuo Tanaka
     (eds) 1971 Kasei gaku bunken shuusei zoku hen: Edo ki 4 [A collection of studies on domestic science, a serial, the Edo period 4]. Tokyo: Watanabe shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
310. Tanizaki, Junichiroo
     1975[1934] Bunshoo tokuhon [A writing reader]. Tokyo: Chuuoo kooronsha.
     [Google Scholar]
311. Tannen, Deborah
     1990 You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation. New York: William Morrow.
     [Google Scholar]
312. Teikoku kyooikukainai genbun itchikai
     1964[1901] “Genbun itchi no jikkoo ni tsuite no seigan [Petition for execution of the unification of spoken and written languages].” InMeiji ikoo kokugo mondai ronshuu [Collection of papers on national language issues after Meiji], ed. by Sumio Yoshida and Yuuichi Inoguchi , 288–289. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
313. “Teyo dawa monogatari [The story of teyo dawa]” 1906 Tokyo packJanuary 1st: 13.
     [Google Scholar]
314. Thomas, Beth
     1988 “Differences of Sex and Sects: Linguistic Variation and Social Networks in a Welsh Mining Village.”InWomen in Their Speech Communities, ed. by Jennifer Coates and Deborah Cameron , 51–60. London and New York: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
315. Tokieda, Motoki
     1941 Kokugogaku genron [Theory of the national language research]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
316. Toogoo, Masatake
     1986[1908] “Danshi no kogoto [Man’s scolding].” InFukkoku Nihon no fujin zasshi 3 [Reprint of Japanese women’s magazines 3], 15–18. Tokyo: Oozarasha.
     [Google Scholar]
317. Tsubouchi, Shooyoo
     1969[1886a] “Imo to se kagami [Mirrored couples].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 16: Tusbouchi Shooyoo shuu [A complete collection of Meiji literature 16: Shooyoo Tsubouchi], ed. by Tatsuroo Inagaki , 164–248. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
318. Tsubouchi, Shooyoo
     1969[1886b] “Shoosetsu shinzui [The essence of the novel].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 16: Tusbouchi Shooyoo shuu [A complete collection of Meiji literature 16: Shooyoo Tsubouchi], ed. by Tatsuroo Inagaki , 3–58. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
319. Tsubouchi, Shooyoo
     1977[1933] “Kaki no heta [The calyx of persimmon].” InShooyoo senshuu: Bessatsu 4 [The selected works of Shooyoo: Separate volume 4], ed. by Shooyoo kyookai , 393–670. Tokyo: Daiichi shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
320. Tsubouchi, Shooyoo , and Roan Uchida
     1965[1909] “Hasegawa kun no seikaku [Personality of Mr. Hasegawa].” InFutabatei Shimei [Shimei Futabatei], ed. by Shooyoo Tsubouchi and Roan Uchida , 223–243. Tokyo: Nihon kindai bungakukan.
     [Google Scholar]
321. Tsubouchi, Yuuzoo
     1964[1900] “Kokugo tokuhon: Jinjoo shoogakkoo yoo [National language reader: Elementary school], Kokugo tokuhon: Kootoo shoogakkoo yoo [National language reader: Higher elementary school].” InNihon kyookasho taikei kindai hen 6: Kokugo 3 [A great collection of school textbooks in Japan, The modern period 6: National language 3], ed. by Tokiomi Kaigo , 197–385. Tokyo: Koodansha.
     [Google Scholar]
322. Ubukata, Toshiroo
     1978 Meiji taisho kembun shi [The personal record of Meiji and Taisho]. Tokyo: Chuuoo kooronsha.
     [Google Scholar]
323. Uchida, Roan
     1986[1894] “Bungakusha to naru hoo [How to become a novel writer].” InUchida Roan zenshuu 2 [The complete collection of Roan Uchida 2], ed. by Takashi Nomura , 175–299. Tokyo: Yumani shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
324. Ueda, Kazutoshi
     1968[1894] “Kokugo to kokka to [National language and state].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 44: Ochiai Naobumi, Ueda Kazutoshi, Haga Yaichi, Fujioka Sakutaro shuu [The complete collection of Meiji literature 44: Naobumi Ochiai, Kazutoshi Ueda, Yaichi Haga and Sakutaroo Fujioka], ed. by Senichi Hisamatsu , 108–113. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
325. Ueda, Kazutoshi
     1964[1895] “Hyoojungo ni tsukite [On standard language].” InMeiji ikoo kokugo mondai ronshuu [Collection of papers on national language issues after Meiji], ed. by Sumio Yoshida and Yuuichi Inoguchi , 502–508. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
326. Ueda, Kazutoshi
     1968[1900] “Naichi zakkyogo ni okeru gogaku mondai [Language problems caused by having foreign residents inside of Japan].” InMeiji bungaku zenshuu 44: Ochiai Naobumi, Ueda Kazutoshi, Haga Yaichi, Fujioka Sakutaro shuu [The complete collection of Meiji literature 44: Naobumi Ochiai, Kazutoshi Ueda, Yaichi Haga and Sakutaroo Fujioka], ed. by Senichi Hisamatsu , 131–137. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
327. Ueno, Chizuko
     1998 Nashonarizumu to jendaa [Engendering Nationalism]. Tokyo: Seidosha.
     [Google Scholar]
328. Usuda, Suekichi
     1909 Nihon koogohoo seigi [Lectures on Japan spoken language]. Tokyo: Shooha sanshoodo.
     [Google Scholar]
329. Venuti, Lawrence
     1995 The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London and New York: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203360064
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203360064 [Google Scholar]
330. Vincent, Keith , Takashi Kazama , and Kazuya Kawaguchi
     1997 Gei sutadiizu [Gay studies]. Tokyo: Seidosha.
     [Google Scholar]
331. Wakakuwa, Midori
     2000[1995] Sensoo ga tsukuru josei zoo: Dainiji sekai taisenka no Nihon josei dooin no shikakuteki puropaganda [Portrait of women created by the war: Visual propaganda for promoting women’s corporation under the World War II]. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
332. Wakakuwa, Midori
     2001 Koogoo no shoozoo: Shooken kootaigoo no hyooshoo to josei no kokuminka [The portrait of empress: The representation of empress Shooken and the nationalization of women]. Tokyo: Chikuma shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
333. Wakakuwa, Midori
     2005 Sensoo to jendaa: sensoo o okosu dansei doomei to heiwa o tsukuru jendaa riron [War and gender: Men’s alliances cause war, gender theory creates peace]. Tokyo: Ootsuki shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
334. Washi, Rumi
     2000 “Nyooboo kotoba no imi sayoo: Tennoo sei, kaisoo sei, sekushuariti [The semiotic process of court-women’s speech: Imperial system, social hierarchy, and sexuality].” Joseigaku nenpoo11: 18–35.
     [Google Scholar]
335. Washi, Rumi
     2001 “’Onna kotoba’ to kenryoku: Shoojo zasshi no kotoba kara mieru mono [The power of ‘women’s language’: What we can see in the language of magazines for girls].” Joseigaku9: 6–24.
     [Google Scholar]
336. Washi, Rumi
     2004 “‘Japanese Female Speech’ and Language Policy in the World War II Era.”InJapanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. by Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith , 76–91. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
337. Wong, Andrew , Sarah J. Roberts , and Kathryn Campbell-Kibler
     2002 “Speaking of Sex.”InLanguage and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice, ed. by Kathryn Campbell-Kibler , Robert J. Podesva , Sarah J. Roberts and Andrew Wong , 1–21. Stanford, California: Center for the Study of Language and Information CSLI.
     [Google Scholar]
338. Woolard, Kathryn A
     1998 “Language Ideology as a Field of Inquiry.”InLanguage Ideologies: Practice and Theory, ed. by Bambi B. Schieffelin , Kathryn A. Woolard and Paul V. Kroskrity , 3–47. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
339. Yamada, Bimyoo
     1964[1888] “Genbun itchiron gairyaku [An outline of the arguments on the unification of speech and writing].” InMeiji ikoo kokugo mondai ronshuu [Collection of papers on national language issues after Meiji], ed. by Sumio Yoshida and Yuuichi Inoguchi , 234–245. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
340. Yamada, Yoshio
     1922 Nihon koogo hoo koogi [Lectures on Japan spoken language grammar]. Tokyo: Tokyo jitsubunkan.
     [Google Scholar]
341. Yamada, Yoshio
     1936 Nihon bumpoogaku gairon [Introduction to Japanese grammar]. Tokyo: Hoobunkan.
     [Google Scholar]
342. Yamaguchi, Kiichiro
     1951 Hanashi kotoba to sono kyooiku [Spoken language and pertinent education]. Tokyo: Tookoo shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
343. Yamamoto, Masahide
     1965 Kindai buntai hassei no shiteki kenkyuu [Historical study on the emergence of modern styles]. Tokyo: Iwanami shoten.
     [Google Scholar]
344. Yamashita, Hitoshi
     2001 “Keigo kenkyuu no ideorogii hihan [A critic of ideology in the studies of honorific language].” InTadashisa eno toi: Hihanteki shakaigengogaku no kokoromi [Question on correctness: A study of critical sociolinguistics], ed. by Kayoko Noro and Hitoshi Yamashita , 51–83. Tokyo: Sangensha.
     [Google Scholar]
345. Yanagi, Yae
     1941 “Fujin no kotoba [Ladies’ language].” InKokugo bunka kooza 3: Kokugo kyooiku hen [Lectures on language and culture 3: National language education], ed. by Asahi shimbun , 248–268. Tokyo: Asahi shimbunsha.
     [Google Scholar]
346. Yasuda, Toshiaki
     1997 Teikoku Nihon no gengo hensei [The language organization of the Japanese empire]. Kanagawa: Seori shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
347. Yasuda, Toshiaki
     1998 Shokuminchi no naka no kokugogaku [National language studies in the colonies]. Tokyo: Sangensha.
     [Google Scholar]
348. Yazaki, Genkuroo
     1960 Korekara no Nihongo [Modern Japanese language]. Tokyo: Mikawa shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
349. Yokoi, Tokio
     1986[1902] “Fujin to danwa [Lady and speech].” InFukkoku Nihon no fujin zasshi 3 [Reprint of Japanese women’s magazines 3], ed. by Kuni Nakajima , 203–206. Tokyo: Oozorasha.
     [Google Scholar]
350. Yoshida, Hirohisa
     2001 Sengo shoki kokugo kyookasho shi kenkyu: Suminuri, zantei, kokutei, kentei [The historical study of national language textbooks of the early postwar: Ink-erased, temporary, state, and approved textbooks]. Tokyo: Kazama shobo.
     [Google Scholar]
351. Yoshida, Sumio
     1935 “Fujin no kotoba [Ladies’ language].” InKotoba no kooza 2 [Lectures on language 2], ed. by Tokyo chuuoo hoosookyoku , 145–156. Tokyo: Nihon hoosoo shuppan kyookai.
     [Google Scholar]
352. Yoshida, Sumio
     1952 Kinseigo to kinsei bungaku [Language and literature of modern times]. Tokyo: Tooyookan shuppansha.
     [Google Scholar]
353. Yoshioka, Kyooho
     2001[1912] Bungo koogo taishoo gohoo [Written and spoken languages: contrastive grammar]. Tokyo: Bensei shuppan.
     [Google Scholar]
354. Yoshizawa, Yoshinori
     1934 Hiragana no kenkyuu: Kokugo kagaku kooza 8: Moji gaku [A study on hiragana: National language lecture 8: Character study]. Tokyo: Meiji shoin.
     [Google Scholar]
355. Yukawa, Sumiyuki , and Masami Saito
     2004 “Cultural Ideologies in Japanese Language and Gender Studies: A Theoretical Review.”InJapanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People, ed. by Shigeko Okamoto and Janet S. Shibamoto Smith , 23–37. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
356. Yuval-Davis, Nira , and Floya Anthias
     (eds) 1989 Women-Nation-State. London: Macmillan. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑349‑19865‑8
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19865-8 [Google Scholar]
357. Zimmerman, Don H. , and Candace West
     1975 “Sex Roles, Interruptions and Silences in Conversation.”InLanguage and Sex: Difference and Dominance, ed. by Barrie Thorne and Nancy Henley , 105–129. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House.
     [Google Scholar]