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Templates and representations in phonology

from Semitic to child language

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Studies in the acquisition of phonology which support a “templatic hypothesis” for non-Semitic languages raise the very exciting theoretical question of continuity vs. discontinuity between children’s and adults’ grammars. This paper addresses the relevance of an autosegmental templatic model in accounting for the developmental course of the acquisition of phonology in French. On the basis of French data, it discusses the continuity/discontinuity issue for this non-Semitic language. What are the consequences of recognizing a templatic stage in such a language? Why do children go through such a stage, and how could this cast new light on the emergence of structural properties of human grammars?

  • Affiliations: 1: Université Paris 8/CNRS

References

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    1985 Phonology in the Twentieth Century: Theories of Rules and Theories of Representations. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
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  2. Bassano, Dominique , Isabelle Maillochon , and Stépanie Mottet
    2008 “Noun Grammaticalization and Determiner Use in French Children’s Speech: A Gradual Development with Prosodic and Lexical Influence.”Journal of Child Language35 (2): 403–438. doi: 10.1017/S0305000907008586
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000907008586 [Google Scholar]
  3. Boysson-Bardies, Bénédicte de , and Marilyn May Vihman
    1991 “Adaptation to Language: Evidence from Babbling and First Words in Four Languages”. Language67: 297–319. doi: 10.1353/lan.1991.0045
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1991.0045 [Google Scholar]
  4. Braud, Virginie
    2003 Acquisition de la prosodie chez les enfants francophones. Les phénomènes de troncations. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Nantes, ms.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brulard, Ines , and Philip Carr
    2003 “Phonological Templates and Strategies in French/English Bilingual Acquisition.”International Journal of Bilingualism7: 177–202. doi: 10.1177/13670069030070020401
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1367 0069030070020401 [Google Scholar]
  6. Carvalho Brandão de, Joaquim , and Sophie Wauquier
    2007 “Approches inductives en phonologie, vrais et faux problèmes.”Recherches Linguistiques de Vincennes36: 37–68.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Demuth, Katherine , and Mark Johnson
    2003 “Truncation to Subminimal Words in Early French.”Canadian Journal of Linguistics48: 211–241. doi: 10.1353/cjl.2004.0025
     https://doi.org/10.1353/cjl.2004.0025 [Google Scholar]
  8. Demuth, Katherine , and Annie Tremblay
    2008 “Prosodically-conditioned Variability in Children’s Production of French Determiners.”Journal of Child Language35 (01): 99–127. doi: 10.1017/S0305000907008276
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000907008276 [Google Scholar]
  9. Ferguson, Charles A. , and Carol B. Farwell
    1975 “Words and Sounds in Early Language Acquisition.”Language51: 419–439. doi: 10.2307/412864
     https://doi.org/10.2307/412864 [Google Scholar]
  10. Fikkert, Paula
    2007 “Acquiring Phonology.” In Handbook of Phonological Theory, ed. by Paul de Lacy , 537–554. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Goldsmith, John
    1995 The handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Keren-Portnoy, Tamar , Marinella Majorano , and Marilyn May Vihman
    2008 “From Phonetics to Phonology: The Emergence of First Words in Italian.”Journal of Child Language36: 235–267. doi: 10.1017/S0305000908008933
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000908008933 [Google Scholar]
  13. Khattab, Ghada , and Jallal Al-Tamimi
    2013 “Early Phonological Patterns in Lebanese Arabic.” In The Emergence of Phonology: Whole Word Approaches, Cross-linguistic Evidence, ed. by Marilyn May Vihman , and Tamar Keren-Portnoy , 374–415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511980503.018
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  14. Lowenstamm, Jean
    2003a “Introduction.”Recherches Linguistiques Vincennes32: 5–6.
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  15. 2003b “A propos des gabarits.”Recherches Linguistiques Vincennes32: 7–30. doi: 10.4000/rlv.439
     https://doi.org/10.4000/rlv.439 [Google Scholar]
  16. Macken, Marlys A
    1992 “Where’s Phonology?” In Phonological Development, ed. by Charles A. Ferguson , Lisa Menn , and Carol Stoel-Gammon , 249–273. Timonium, MD: York Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1995 “Phonological Acquisition.” In The handbook of Phonological Theory, ed. by John Goldsmith , 671–697. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. McCarthy, John
    1982 “Prosodic Templates, Morphemic Templates, and Morphemic Tiers.” In The Structure of Phonological Representations, Part I, ed. by Harry van der Hulst , and Norval Smith , 191–223. Dordrecht: Foris.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Menn, Lisa
    1978 “Phonological Units in Beginning Speech.” In Syllables and Segments, ed. by Alan Bell , and Joan Hooper-Bybee , 157–172. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Priestly, Tom M.S
    1977 “One Idiosyncratic Strategy in the Acquisition of Phonology.”Journal of Child Language4: 45–66. doi: 10.1017/S0305000900000477
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900000477 [Google Scholar]
  21. Savinainen-Makkonen, Tuula
    2007 “Geminate Template: A Model for First Finnish Words.”First Language27: 347–359. doi: 10.1177/0142723707081728
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723707081728 [Google Scholar]
  22. Veneziano, Edy , and Hermine Sinclair
    2000 “The Changing Status of ‘Filler Syllables’ on the Way to Grammatical Morphemes.”Journal of Child Language27: 461–500. doi: 10.1017/S030500090000427X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500090000427X [Google Scholar]
  23. Vihman, Marilyn May
    2010 “Phonological Templates in Early Words: A Cross-linguistic Study.”Laboratory Phonology10: 261–284.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Vihman, Marilyn May , and William Croft
    2007 “Phonological Development: Toward a ‘Radical’ Templatic Phonology.”Linguistics45: 683–725. doi: 10.1515/LING.2007.021
     https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2007.021 [Google Scholar]
  25. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Tamar Keren-Portnoy
    (eds) 2013 The Emergence of Phonology: Whole Word Approaches, Cross-linguistic Evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511980503
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980503 [Google Scholar]
  26. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Sari Kunnari
    2006 “The Sources of Phonological Knowledge: A Cross-linguistic Perspective.”Recherches Linguistiques de Vincennes35: 133–164. doi: 10.4000/rlv.1467
     https://doi.org/10.4000/rlv.1467 [Google Scholar]
  27. Vihman, Marilyn May , Marlys A. Macken , Ruth Miller , Hazel Simmons , and Jim Miller
    1985 “From Babbling to Speech: A Reassessment of the Continuity Issue”. Language61: 395–443. doi: 10.2307/414151
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414151 [Google Scholar]
  28. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Shelley Velleman
    2000 “Phonetics and the Origins of Phonology.” In Phonological Knowledge: Its Nature and Status, ed. by Noel Burton-Roberts , Philip Carr , and Gerard Docherty , 305–339. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Vihman, Marilyn May , Shelley Velleman , and Loraine McCune
    1994 “How Abstract is Child Phonology?” In First and Second Language Phonology, ed. by Mehmet Yavas , 9–44. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Virve Vihman
    2011 “From First Words to Segments: A Case Study in Phonological Development.” In Experience, Variation, and Generalization: Learning a First Language: Trends in Language Acquisition Research 7, ed. by Inbal Arnon , and Eve Clark , 109–133. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tilar.7.07vih
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.7.07vih [Google Scholar]
  31. Wauquier, Sophie
    2009 “Acquisition de la liaison en L1 et L2: stratégies phonologiques ou lexicales?”AILE…LIA2: 93–130.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. 2010 “Templates, Spreading and Palatal Patterns in the Acquisition of English and French.”Phonology Meeting 18, Manchester, 20-22 May 2010.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 2012 “Acquisition, opacité et compétences phonologiques.”Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris21: 69–90.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Wauquier-Gravelines, Sophie
    2005 Statut des représentations phonologiques: acquisition, traitement de la parole continue et dysphasie développementale. Paris: Habilitation à diriger des Recherches, EHESS.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Wauquier, Sophie , and Naomi Yamaguchi
    2013 “Templates in French.” In The Emergence of Phonology: Whole Word Approaches, Cross-Linguistic Evidence, ed. by Marilyn May Vihman , and Tamar Keren-Portnoy , 317–343, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511980503.015
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980503.015 [Google Scholar]
  36. Yamaguchi, Naomi , and Sophie Wauquier
    2011 Database of Spontaneous Productions: A Longitudinal Corpus (7 French Children, Aged 17–30 Months), Collected in Natural Context, Segmented and Transcribed in Phon ; ESRC ProjectPsychological Significance of Production Templates in Phonological and Lexical Advance: A Cross-linguistic Study.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Anderson, Stephen
    1985 Phonology in the Twentieth Century: Theories of Rules and Theories of Representations. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bassano, Dominique , Isabelle Maillochon , and Stépanie Mottet
    2008 “Noun Grammaticalization and Determiner Use in French Children’s Speech: A Gradual Development with Prosodic and Lexical Influence.”Journal of Child Language35 (2): 403–438. doi: 10.1017/S0305000907008586
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000907008586 [Google Scholar]
  3. Boysson-Bardies, Bénédicte de , and Marilyn May Vihman
    1991 “Adaptation to Language: Evidence from Babbling and First Words in Four Languages”. Language67: 297–319. doi: 10.1353/lan.1991.0045
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1991.0045 [Google Scholar]
  4. Braud, Virginie
    2003 Acquisition de la prosodie chez les enfants francophones. Les phénomènes de troncations. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Nantes, ms.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Brulard, Ines , and Philip Carr
    2003 “Phonological Templates and Strategies in French/English Bilingual Acquisition.”International Journal of Bilingualism7: 177–202. doi: 10.1177/13670069030070020401
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1367 0069030070020401 [Google Scholar]
  6. Carvalho Brandão de, Joaquim , and Sophie Wauquier
    2007 “Approches inductives en phonologie, vrais et faux problèmes.”Recherches Linguistiques de Vincennes36: 37–68.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Demuth, Katherine , and Mark Johnson
    2003 “Truncation to Subminimal Words in Early French.”Canadian Journal of Linguistics48: 211–241. doi: 10.1353/cjl.2004.0025
     https://doi.org/10.1353/cjl.2004.0025 [Google Scholar]
  8. Demuth, Katherine , and Annie Tremblay
    2008 “Prosodically-conditioned Variability in Children’s Production of French Determiners.”Journal of Child Language35 (01): 99–127. doi: 10.1017/S0305000907008276
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000907008276 [Google Scholar]
  9. Ferguson, Charles A. , and Carol B. Farwell
    1975 “Words and Sounds in Early Language Acquisition.”Language51: 419–439. doi: 10.2307/412864
     https://doi.org/10.2307/412864 [Google Scholar]
  10. Fikkert, Paula
    2007 “Acquiring Phonology.” In Handbook of Phonological Theory, ed. by Paul de Lacy , 537–554. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Goldsmith, John
    1995 The handbook of Phonological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Keren-Portnoy, Tamar , Marinella Majorano , and Marilyn May Vihman
    2008 “From Phonetics to Phonology: The Emergence of First Words in Italian.”Journal of Child Language36: 235–267. doi: 10.1017/S0305000908008933
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000908008933 [Google Scholar]
  13. Khattab, Ghada , and Jallal Al-Tamimi
    2013 “Early Phonological Patterns in Lebanese Arabic.” In The Emergence of Phonology: Whole Word Approaches, Cross-linguistic Evidence, ed. by Marilyn May Vihman , and Tamar Keren-Portnoy , 374–415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511980503.018
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980503.018 [Google Scholar]
  14. Lowenstamm, Jean
    2003a “Introduction.”Recherches Linguistiques Vincennes32: 5–6.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. 2003b “A propos des gabarits.”Recherches Linguistiques Vincennes32: 7–30. doi: 10.4000/rlv.439
     https://doi.org/10.4000/rlv.439 [Google Scholar]
  16. Macken, Marlys A
    1992 “Where’s Phonology?” In Phonological Development, ed. by Charles A. Ferguson , Lisa Menn , and Carol Stoel-Gammon , 249–273. Timonium, MD: York Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 1995 “Phonological Acquisition.” In The handbook of Phonological Theory, ed. by John Goldsmith , 671–697. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. McCarthy, John
    1982 “Prosodic Templates, Morphemic Templates, and Morphemic Tiers.” In The Structure of Phonological Representations, Part I, ed. by Harry van der Hulst , and Norval Smith , 191–223. Dordrecht: Foris.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Menn, Lisa
    1978 “Phonological Units in Beginning Speech.” In Syllables and Segments, ed. by Alan Bell , and Joan Hooper-Bybee , 157–172. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Priestly, Tom M.S
    1977 “One Idiosyncratic Strategy in the Acquisition of Phonology.”Journal of Child Language4: 45–66. doi: 10.1017/S0305000900000477
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900000477 [Google Scholar]
  21. Savinainen-Makkonen, Tuula
    2007 “Geminate Template: A Model for First Finnish Words.”First Language27: 347–359. doi: 10.1177/0142723707081728
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723707081728 [Google Scholar]
  22. Veneziano, Edy , and Hermine Sinclair
    2000 “The Changing Status of ‘Filler Syllables’ on the Way to Grammatical Morphemes.”Journal of Child Language27: 461–500. doi: 10.1017/S030500090000427X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500090000427X [Google Scholar]
  23. Vihman, Marilyn May
    2010 “Phonological Templates in Early Words: A Cross-linguistic Study.”Laboratory Phonology10: 261–284.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Vihman, Marilyn May , and William Croft
    2007 “Phonological Development: Toward a ‘Radical’ Templatic Phonology.”Linguistics45: 683–725. doi: 10.1515/LING.2007.021
     https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2007.021 [Google Scholar]
  25. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Tamar Keren-Portnoy
    (eds) 2013 The Emergence of Phonology: Whole Word Approaches, Cross-linguistic Evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511980503
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980503 [Google Scholar]
  26. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Sari Kunnari
    2006 “The Sources of Phonological Knowledge: A Cross-linguistic Perspective.”Recherches Linguistiques de Vincennes35: 133–164. doi: 10.4000/rlv.1467
     https://doi.org/10.4000/rlv.1467 [Google Scholar]
  27. Vihman, Marilyn May , Marlys A. Macken , Ruth Miller , Hazel Simmons , and Jim Miller
    1985 “From Babbling to Speech: A Reassessment of the Continuity Issue”. Language61: 395–443. doi: 10.2307/414151
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414151 [Google Scholar]
  28. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Shelley Velleman
    2000 “Phonetics and the Origins of Phonology.” In Phonological Knowledge: Its Nature and Status, ed. by Noel Burton-Roberts , Philip Carr , and Gerard Docherty , 305–339. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Vihman, Marilyn May , Shelley Velleman , and Loraine McCune
    1994 “How Abstract is Child Phonology?” In First and Second Language Phonology, ed. by Mehmet Yavas , 9–44. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Vihman, Marilyn May , and Virve Vihman
    2011 “From First Words to Segments: A Case Study in Phonological Development.” In Experience, Variation, and Generalization: Learning a First Language: Trends in Language Acquisition Research 7, ed. by Inbal Arnon , and Eve Clark , 109–133. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tilar.7.07vih
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.7.07vih [Google Scholar]
  31. Wauquier, Sophie
    2009 “Acquisition de la liaison en L1 et L2: stratégies phonologiques ou lexicales?”AILE…LIA2: 93–130.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. 2010 “Templates, Spreading and Palatal Patterns in the Acquisition of English and French.”Phonology Meeting 18, Manchester, 20-22 May 2010.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. 2012 “Acquisition, opacité et compétences phonologiques.”Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris21: 69–90.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Wauquier-Gravelines, Sophie
    2005 Statut des représentations phonologiques: acquisition, traitement de la parole continue et dysphasie développementale. Paris: Habilitation à diriger des Recherches, EHESS.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Wauquier, Sophie , and Naomi Yamaguchi
    2013 “Templates in French.” In The Emergence of Phonology: Whole Word Approaches, Cross-Linguistic Evidence, ed. by Marilyn May Vihman , and Tamar Keren-Portnoy , 317–343, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511980503.015
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511980503.015 [Google Scholar]
  36. Yamaguchi, Naomi , and Sophie Wauquier
    2011 Database of Spontaneous Productions: A Longitudinal Corpus (7 French Children, Aged 17–30 Months), Collected in Natural Context, Segmented and Transcribed in Phon ; ESRC ProjectPsychological Significance of Production Templates in Phonological and Lexical Advance: A Cross-linguistic Study.
     [Google Scholar]

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