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A body and its involvements

Adjusting action for dual involvements

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This chapter investigates some of the ways participants use adjusting actions to produce a range of emergent relationships between distinct courses of action. It describes body-behaviourally realised practices for the management of two intersecting courses of action. We first show how the continuing realisation of two courses of action can be preserved moment-by-moment with only negligible adjustments. We then describe how two adjusting actions – suspending and retarding – can be deployed to sustain visible commitment to an ongoing course of action while pursuing a second course of action, thereby realising the second course of action as interjected into the first. In summary, this chapter shows how forms of ‘multiactivity’ emerge as practical solutions to dual involvements in interaction with others.

  • Affiliations: 1: University of California, Santa Barbara

References

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    (2004) “Getting past no”: Sequence, action and sound production in the projection of no-initiated turns. In E. Couper-Kuhlen , & C.E. Ford (Eds.), Sound patterns in interaction: Cross-linguistic studies from conversation (pp. 233–269). Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.62.13for
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  5. Goffman, E
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  6. (1971) Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order. New York: Basic Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. (1981) Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Goodwin, C
    (1979) The interactive construction of a sentence in natural conversation. In G. Psathas (Ed.), Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology (pp. 97–121). New York: Irvington.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. (1980) Restarts, pauses, and the achievement of mutual gaze at turn-beginning. Sociological Inquiry, 50(3–4), 272–302. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‑682X.1980.tb00023.x
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  11. (1984) Notes on story structure and the organization of participation. In J.M. Atkinson , & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action (pp. 225–246). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  12. (1986) Gesture as a resource for the organization of mutual orientation. Semiotica62, 29–49. doi: 10.1515/semi.1986.62.1‑2.29
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  14. Haddington, P. , & Rauniomaa, M
    (2011) Technologies, multitasking, and driving: Attending to and preparing for a mobile phone conversation in a car. Human Communication Research, 37, 223–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‑2958.2010.01400.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01400.x [Google Scholar]
  15. Kidwell, M
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  17. Lerner, G.H
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  18. (2002) Turn-sharing: The choral co-production of talk-in-interaction. In C. Ford , B. Fox , & S. Thompson (Eds.), The language of turn and sequence (pp. 225–256). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. (2003) Selecting next speaker: The context-sensitive operation of a context-free organization. Language in Society, 32(2), 177–201. doi: 10.1017/S004740450332202X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450332202X [Google Scholar]
  20. Lerner, G.H. , Bolden, G. , Mandelbaum, J. , & Hepburn, A
    (2012) Reference recalibration repairs: Adjusting the precision of formulations for the task at hand. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45(2), 191–212. doi: 10.1080/08351813.2012.674190
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  21. Lerner, G.H. , & Raymond, G
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  22. . (frth-B). Adjusting action: Some elementary forms of social co-ordination in interaction.
  23. . (frth-C). Body trouble: Some sources of interactional trouble and their embodied solution.
  24. LeBaron, C.D. , & Jones, S.E
    (2002) Closing up closings: Showing the relevance of the social and material surround to the completion of interaction. Journal of Communication, 52, 542–565. doi: 10.1111/j.1460‑2466.2002.tb02561.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02561.x [Google Scholar]
  25. Levelt, W.J.M
    (1983) Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 14, 41–104. doi: 10.1016/0010‑0277(83)90026‑4
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90026-4 [Google Scholar]
  26. MacMartin, C. , & LeBaron, C.D
    (2006) Multiple involvements within group interaction: A video-based study of sex offender. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 39(1), 41–80. doi: 10.1207/s15327973rlsi3901_3
     https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3901_3 [Google Scholar]
  27. Mondada, L
    (2011) The organization of concurrent courses of action in surgical demonstrations. In J. Streeck , C. Goodwin , & C. LeBaron (Eds.), Embodied interaction: Language and the body in the material world (pp. 207–226). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. (2012) Talking and driving: Multiactivity in the car. Semiotica, 191(1), 223–256.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Nevile, M
    (2012) Interaction as distraction in driving: A body of evidence. Semiotica, 191(1), 169–196.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Raymond, G. & Lerner, G.H
    . (frth). Towards a sociology of the body-in -action: The body and its multiple involvements.
  31. Rossano, F
    (2012) Gaze in conversation. In J. Sidnell , & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 308–329). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781118325001.ch15
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch15 [Google Scholar]
  32. Schegloff, E.A
    (1984) On some gestures relation to talk. In J.M. Atkinson , & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action (pp. 266–296). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. (1996) Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction. In E. Ochs , E.A. Schegloff , & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and grammar (pp. 52–133). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511620874.002
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874.002 [Google Scholar]
  34. (1998) Body torque. Social Research, 65(3), 535–596.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. (2000) Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language in Society, 29(1), 1–63. doi: 10.1017/S0047404500001019
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500001019 [Google Scholar]
  36. (2007) Sequence organization: A primer in conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511791208
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791208 [Google Scholar]
  37. Schegloff, E.A. , & Sacks, H
    (1973) Opening up closings. Semiotica, 7, 289–327.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Toerien, M. , & Kitzinger, C
    (2007) Emotional labour in action: Navigating multiple involvements in the beauty salon. Sociology, 41(4), 645–662. doi: 10.1177/0038038507078918
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507078918 [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Clark, H
    (2006) Social actions, social commitments. In N.J. Enfield , & S.C. Levinson (Eds.), Roots of human sociality: Culture, cognition and interaction (pp. 126–152). London: Berg.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Couper-Kuhlen, E
    (2001) Interactional prosody: High onsets in reason-for-the-call turns. Language in Society, 30, 29–53. doi: 10.1017/S0047404501001026
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404501001026 [Google Scholar]
  3. Ford, C.E , Fox, B.A. , & Hellermann, J.K
    (2004) “Getting past no”: Sequence, action and sound production in the projection of no-initiated turns. In E. Couper-Kuhlen , & C.E. Ford (Eds.), Sound patterns in interaction: Cross-linguistic studies from conversation (pp. 233–269). Amsterdam: Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.62.13for
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.62.13for [Google Scholar]
  4. Ford, C.E. , & Thompson, S.A
    (1996) Interactional units in conversation: Syntactic, intonational, and pragmatic resources for the management of turns. In E. Ochs , E.A. Schegloff , & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and grammar (pp. 134–184). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511620874.003
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874.003 [Google Scholar]
  5. Goffman, E
    (1963) Behavior in public places. New York: Macmillan Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. (1971) Relations in public: Microstudies of the public order. New York: Basic Books.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. (1981) Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Goodwin, C
    (1979) The interactive construction of a sentence in natural conversation. In G. Psathas (Ed.), Everyday language: Studies in ethnomethodology (pp. 97–121). New York: Irvington.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. (1980) Restarts, pauses, and the achievement of mutual gaze at turn-beginning. Sociological Inquiry, 50(3–4), 272–302. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‑682X.1980.tb00023.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1980.tb00023.x [Google Scholar]
  10. (1981) Conversational organization: Interaction between speakers and hearers. New York: Academic Press
     [Google Scholar]
  11. (1984) Notes on story structure and the organization of participation. In J.M. Atkinson , & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action (pp. 225–246). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. (1986) Gesture as a resource for the organization of mutual orientation. Semiotica62, 29–49. doi: 10.1515/semi.1986.62.1‑2.29
     https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1986.62.1-2.29 [Google Scholar]
  13. (2000) Action and embodiment within situated human interaction. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1489–1522. doi: 10.1016/S0378‑2166(99)00096‑X
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00096-X [Google Scholar]
  14. Haddington, P. , & Rauniomaa, M
    (2011) Technologies, multitasking, and driving: Attending to and preparing for a mobile phone conversation in a car. Human Communication Research, 37, 223–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‑2958.2010.01400.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01400.x [Google Scholar]
  15. Kidwell, M
    (2005) Gaze as social control: How very young children differentiate “the look” from a “mere look” by their adult caregivers. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 38(4), 417–449. doi: 10.1207/s15327973rlsi3804_2
     https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3804_2 [Google Scholar]
  16. Kitzinger, C. , Lerner, G.H. , Zinken, J. , Wilkinson, S. , Kevoe-Feldman, H. , & Ellis, S
    (2013) Reformulating place. Journal of Pragmatics, 55, 43–50. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.007
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.05.007 [Google Scholar]
  17. Lerner, G.H
    (1996) Finding “face” in the preference structures of talk-in-interaction. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 303–321. doi: 10.2307/2787073
     https://doi.org/10.2307/2787073 [Google Scholar]
  18. (2002) Turn-sharing: The choral co-production of talk-in-interaction. In C. Ford , B. Fox , & S. Thompson (Eds.), The language of turn and sequence (pp. 225–256). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. (2003) Selecting next speaker: The context-sensitive operation of a context-free organization. Language in Society, 32(2), 177–201. doi: 10.1017/S004740450332202X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450332202X [Google Scholar]
  20. Lerner, G.H. , Bolden, G. , Mandelbaum, J. , & Hepburn, A
    (2012) Reference recalibration repairs: Adjusting the precision of formulations for the task at hand. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45(2), 191–212. doi: 10.1080/08351813.2012.674190
     https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2012.674190 [Google Scholar]
  21. Lerner, G.H. , & Raymond, G
    . (frth-A). On the practical re-intentionalization of action in interaction: Interactional pivots in the progressive realization of embodied action.
  22. . (frth-B). Adjusting action: Some elementary forms of social co-ordination in interaction.
  23. . (frth-C). Body trouble: Some sources of interactional trouble and their embodied solution.
  24. LeBaron, C.D. , & Jones, S.E
    (2002) Closing up closings: Showing the relevance of the social and material surround to the completion of interaction. Journal of Communication, 52, 542–565. doi: 10.1111/j.1460‑2466.2002.tb02561.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02561.x [Google Scholar]
  25. Levelt, W.J.M
    (1983) Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 14, 41–104. doi: 10.1016/0010‑0277(83)90026‑4
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90026-4 [Google Scholar]
  26. MacMartin, C. , & LeBaron, C.D
    (2006) Multiple involvements within group interaction: A video-based study of sex offender. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 39(1), 41–80. doi: 10.1207/s15327973rlsi3901_3
     https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3901_3 [Google Scholar]
  27. Mondada, L
    (2011) The organization of concurrent courses of action in surgical demonstrations. In J. Streeck , C. Goodwin , & C. LeBaron (Eds.), Embodied interaction: Language and the body in the material world (pp. 207–226). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. (2012) Talking and driving: Multiactivity in the car. Semiotica, 191(1), 223–256.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Nevile, M
    (2012) Interaction as distraction in driving: A body of evidence. Semiotica, 191(1), 169–196.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Raymond, G. & Lerner, G.H
    . (frth). Towards a sociology of the body-in -action: The body and its multiple involvements.
  31. Rossano, F
    (2012) Gaze in conversation. In J. Sidnell , & T. Stivers (Eds.), The handbook of conversation analysis (pp. 308–329). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781118325001.ch15
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118325001.ch15 [Google Scholar]
  32. Schegloff, E.A
    (1984) On some gestures relation to talk. In J.M. Atkinson , & J. Heritage (Eds.), Structures of social action (pp. 266–296). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. (1996) Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction. In E. Ochs , E.A. Schegloff , & S.A. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and grammar (pp. 52–133). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511620874.002
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511620874.002 [Google Scholar]
  34. (1998) Body torque. Social Research, 65(3), 535–596.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. (2000) Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language in Society, 29(1), 1–63. doi: 10.1017/S0047404500001019
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500001019 [Google Scholar]
  36. (2007) Sequence organization: A primer in conversation analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511791208
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791208 [Google Scholar]
  37. Schegloff, E.A. , & Sacks, H
    (1973) Opening up closings. Semiotica, 7, 289–327.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Toerien, M. , & Kitzinger, C
    (2007) Emotional labour in action: Navigating multiple involvements in the beauty salon. Sociology, 41(4), 645–662. doi: 10.1177/0038038507078918
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507078918 [Google Scholar]

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