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Chapter 8. Listening performance and onset level 
in formal instruction and study abroad

image of Chapter 8. Listening performance and onset level 
in formal instruction and study abroad

The present chapter seeks to throw light onto the main research question in SALA, to measure the short and long-term effects on listening abilities of a three-month Study Abroad (SA) period, in the case of seventy-five Catalan/Spanish advanced EFL participants within the SALA Project. They are examined in the light of the gains accrued during a preceding and a subsequent Formal Instruction (FI) context at home (AH) and in relation to onset proficiency level. Progress was found to be significant over time, the SA context was more beneficial than the FI context and the benefits were maintained 15 months later. In particular, low level listeners benefited most from the combination of FI and SA contexts, although remaining significantly different from native speakers of English.

  • Affiliations: 1: Universitat Pompeu Fabra

References

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     [Google Scholar]
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    2008 The impact of short-term study abroad programs on L2 listening comprehension skills. Foreign Language Annals 41(1): 157–185. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2008.tb03284.x
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     [Google Scholar]
  18. Goh, C
    2002 Exploring listening interaction tactics and their interaction patterns. System 28: 55–75. doi: 10.1016/S0346‑251X(99)00060‑3
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    1996 Five metaphors for text understanding. In Models of Understanding Text , B.K. Britton & A.C. Graesser (eds.), 341–351. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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  20. Gruba, P
    2004 Understanding digitized computer-assisted videotext. Computer Assisted Language Learning 17: 15–82. doi: 10.1076/call.17.1.51.29710
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  21. Harris, T
    2003 Listening with your eyes. The importance of speech-related gestures in the language classroom. Foreign Language Annals 36: 180–187. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2003.tb01468.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2003.tb01468.x [Google Scholar]
  22. Huebner, T
    1995 The effects of overseas language programs: Report on a case study of an intensive Japanese course. In Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context [Studies in Bilingualism 9], B. Freed (ed.), 171–193. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/sibil.9.11hue
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.9.11hue [Google Scholar]
  23. Hulstijn, J
    2003 Connectionist models of language processing and the training of listening skills with the aid of multimedia software. Computer Assisted Language Learning 16: 413–425. doi: 10.1076/call.16.5.413.29488
     https://doi.org/10.1076/call.16.5.413.29488 [Google Scholar]
  24. Jensen, E.D. & Vinther, T
    2003 Exact repetition as input enhancement in second language acquisition. Language Learning 53: 373–428. doi: 10.1111/1467‑9922.00230
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00230 [Google Scholar]
  25. Kinginger, C
    2009  Language Learning and Study Abroad. A Critical Reading of Research . Houndmillls: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/9780230240766
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230240766 [Google Scholar]
  26. 2008 Language learning in study abroad: Case studies of Americans in France. The Modern Language Journal 92: 1–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2008.00821.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00821.x [Google Scholar]
  27. Lynch, T
    1983  Study Listening . Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Mearea, M
    1994 The year abroad and its effects. Language Learning Journal 10: 32–38. doi: 10.1080/09571739485200351
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571739485200351 [Google Scholar]
  30. Pérez-Vidal, C
    2011 Language acquisition in three different contexts of learning: Formal instruction, stay abroad, and semi-immersion (CLIL). In Content and Foreign Language Integrated Learning. Contributions to Multilingualism in European Contexts , Y. Ruiz de Zarobe , J.M. Sierra & F. Gallardo del Puerto (eds), 103–127. Bern: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Rogers, C.V. & Medley, F.W
    1988 Language with a purpose: Using authentic materials in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals 21(5): 467–478. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.1988.tb01098.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944- 9720.1988.tb01098.x [Google Scholar]
  32. Rose, S. & Kasper, G
    2001  Pragmatics in Language Teaching . Oxford: OUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139524797
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524797 [Google Scholar]
  33. Saradi, H
    2010 Content related support and listening comprehension: Some limitations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2: 5605–5611. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.914
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.914 [Google Scholar]
  34. Tanaka, K. & Ellis, R
    2003 Study abroad, language proficiency, and learner beliefs about language learning. JALT J 25: 63–85.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Vandergrift, L
    2007 Recent developments in second and foreign language listening comprehension research. Language Teaching 40: 191–210. doi: 10.1017/S0261444807004338
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444807004338 [Google Scholar]
  36. 2005 Relationships among motivation orientations, metacognitive awareness and proficiency in L2 Listening. Applied Linguistics 26(1): 70–89. doi: 10.1093/applin/amh039
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amh039 [Google Scholar]
  37. 2003 Orchestrating strategy use: Toward a model of the skilled second language listener. Language Learning 53(3): 463–496. doi: 10.1111/1467‑9922.00232
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00232 [Google Scholar]
  38. Vandergrift, L. & Goh, C
    2009 Teaching and testing listening comprehension. In The Handbook of Language Teaching , M.H. Long & C.J. Doughty (eds), 395–411. Malden MA: Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781444315783.ch22
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch22 [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Allen, H.W. & Herron, C.A
    2003 A mixed-methodology investigation of the linguistic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad. Foreign Language Annals 36: 370–85. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2003.tb02120.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2003.tb02120.x [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson, J.R
    1995 Cognitive Psychology and its Implications, 4th edn. New York NY: Freeman.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson, A. & Lynch, T
    1988  Listening . Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Beattie, J
    2008 Evaluating the acquisition of English listening comprehension skills in the framework of the SALA Project. In Proceedings of the V Congreso Internacional de Adquisición del Lenguaje (AEAL), Journal Aula Abierta . Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de Oviedo
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Baddeley, A.D
    2000 The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4: 417–423. doi: 10.1016/S1364‑6613(00)01538‑2
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2 [Google Scholar]
  6. Brecht, R.D. , Davidson, D. , & Ginsburg, R
    1995 Predictors of foreign language gain during study abroad. In Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context [Studies in Bilingualism 9], B. Freed (ed.), 37–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/sibil.9.05bre
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.9.05bre [Google Scholar]
  7. Buck, G
    1995 How to become a good listening teacher. In A Guide for the Teaching of Second Language Listening , D. Mendelsohn & J. Rubin (eds), 113–128. San Diego CA: Dominie Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 2001  Assessing Listening . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511732959
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511732959 [Google Scholar]
  9. Carroll, J.B
    1967 Foreign language proficiency levels attained by language majors near graduation from college. Foreign Language Annals 1(1): 131–151. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.1967.tb00127.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1967.tb00127.x [Google Scholar]
  10. Council of Europe
    2001  Common European Framework of Reference . Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Cheng, H
    2004 A comparison of multiple-choice and open-ended response formats for the assessment of listening proficiency in English. Foreign Language Annals 37: 544–455. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2004.tb02421.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02421.x [Google Scholar]
  12. Collentine, J.G
    2009 Study abroad research: Findings, implications and future directions. In The Handbook of Language Teaching , M.H. Long & C.J. Doughty (eds), 218–233. New York NY: Wiley. doi: 10.1002/9781444315783.ch13
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch13 [Google Scholar]
  13. Cubillos, J.H. , Chieffo, L. & Fan, C
    2008 The impact of short-term study abroad programs on L2 listening comprehension skills. Foreign Language Annals 41(1): 157–185. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2008.tb03284.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2008.tb03284.x [Google Scholar]
  14. DeKeyser, R.M
    2007 Study abroad as foreign language practice. In Practice in a Second Language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology , R.M. DeKeyser (ed.), 209–226. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Field, A
    2009 Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: Sage .
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Ginsberg, R.B
    1992  Language Gains during Study Abroad: An Analysis of the ACTR Data. National Foreign Language Center Working Papers . Washington DC: Johns Hopkins University/National Foreign Language Center.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Goh, C
    2002 Exploring listening interaction tactics and their interaction patterns. System 28: 55–75. doi: 10.1016/S0346‑251X(99)00060‑3
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(99)00060-3 [Google Scholar]
  19. Graesser, A.C. & Britton, B.K
    1996 Five metaphors for text understanding. In Models of Understanding Text , B.K. Britton & A.C. Graesser (eds.), 341–351. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Gruba, P
    2004 Understanding digitized computer-assisted videotext. Computer Assisted Language Learning 17: 15–82. doi: 10.1076/call.17.1.51.29710
     https://doi.org/10.1076/call.17.1.51.29710 [Google Scholar]
  21. Harris, T
    2003 Listening with your eyes. The importance of speech-related gestures in the language classroom. Foreign Language Annals 36: 180–187. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.2003.tb01468.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2003.tb01468.x [Google Scholar]
  22. Huebner, T
    1995 The effects of overseas language programs: Report on a case study of an intensive Japanese course. In Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context [Studies in Bilingualism 9], B. Freed (ed.), 171–193. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/sibil.9.11hue
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.9.11hue [Google Scholar]
  23. Hulstijn, J
    2003 Connectionist models of language processing and the training of listening skills with the aid of multimedia software. Computer Assisted Language Learning 16: 413–425. doi: 10.1076/call.16.5.413.29488
     https://doi.org/10.1076/call.16.5.413.29488 [Google Scholar]
  24. Jensen, E.D. & Vinther, T
    2003 Exact repetition as input enhancement in second language acquisition. Language Learning 53: 373–428. doi: 10.1111/1467‑9922.00230
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00230 [Google Scholar]
  25. Kinginger, C
    2009  Language Learning and Study Abroad. A Critical Reading of Research . Houndmillls: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/9780230240766
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230240766 [Google Scholar]
  26. 2008 Language learning in study abroad: Case studies of Americans in France. The Modern Language Journal 92: 1–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2008.00821.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2008.00821.x [Google Scholar]
  27. Lynch, T
    1983  Study Listening . Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Mearea, M
    1994 The year abroad and its effects. Language Learning Journal 10: 32–38. doi: 10.1080/09571739485200351
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09571739485200351 [Google Scholar]
  30. Pérez-Vidal, C
    2011 Language acquisition in three different contexts of learning: Formal instruction, stay abroad, and semi-immersion (CLIL). In Content and Foreign Language Integrated Learning. Contributions to Multilingualism in European Contexts , Y. Ruiz de Zarobe , J.M. Sierra & F. Gallardo del Puerto (eds), 103–127. Bern: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Rogers, C.V. & Medley, F.W
    1988 Language with a purpose: Using authentic materials in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals 21(5): 467–478. doi: 10.1111/j.1944‑9720.1988.tb01098.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944- 9720.1988.tb01098.x [Google Scholar]
  32. Rose, S. & Kasper, G
    2001  Pragmatics in Language Teaching . Oxford: OUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139524797
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524797 [Google Scholar]
  33. Saradi, H
    2010 Content related support and listening comprehension: Some limitations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 2: 5605–5611. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.914
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.914 [Google Scholar]
  34. Tanaka, K. & Ellis, R
    2003 Study abroad, language proficiency, and learner beliefs about language learning. JALT J 25: 63–85.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Vandergrift, L
    2007 Recent developments in second and foreign language listening comprehension research. Language Teaching 40: 191–210. doi: 10.1017/S0261444807004338
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444807004338 [Google Scholar]
  36. 2005 Relationships among motivation orientations, metacognitive awareness and proficiency in L2 Listening. Applied Linguistics 26(1): 70–89. doi: 10.1093/applin/amh039
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amh039 [Google Scholar]
  37. 2003 Orchestrating strategy use: Toward a model of the skilled second language listener. Language Learning 53(3): 463–496. doi: 10.1111/1467‑9922.00232
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9922.00232 [Google Scholar]
  38. Vandergrift, L. & Goh, C
    2009 Teaching and testing listening comprehension. In The Handbook of Language Teaching , M.H. Long & C.J. Doughty (eds), 395–411. Malden MA: Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781444315783.ch22
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444315783.ch22 [Google Scholar]

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