1887

Assessing pragmatic language functioning in young children

Its importance and challenges

This chapter highlights the growing need and importance of assessing young children’s pragmatic language abilities given such factors as the increasing recognition of disproportionate difficulties in pragmatics among different clinical groups, the rise of more usage-based and functional approaches to language acquisition and competence, and evidence of significant, negative long-term outcomes relating to early pragmatic language impairment. Yet, at the same time, the development of pragmatic measures, and the assessment of pragmatics, is fraught with some quite unique challenges. Some of these challenges will be illustrated with respect to my own experience of developing the Language Use Inventory (LUI), a standardized parent-report measure designed to assess early language use and pragmatics in 18- to 47-month–old children.

References

  1. Abbeduto, L. , & Murphy, M.M
    (2004) Language and communication in fragile x syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews , 7, 45–55. doi: 10.1002/1098‑2779(200102)7:1%3c45::AID‑MRDD1007%3e3.0.CO;2‑H
    https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2779(200102)7:1%3c45::AID-MRDD1007%3e3.0.CO;2-H [Google Scholar]
  2. Abbeduto, L. , & Short-Meyerson, K
    (2002) Linguistic influences on social interaction. In H. Goldstein , L.A. Kaczmarek , & English, K.M . (Eds.), Promoting Social Communication: Children with Developmental Disabilities from Birth to Adolescence (pp. 27–54). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. AdamsC
    (2002) Practitioner review: The assessment of language pragmatics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 43(8), 973–87. doi: 10.1111/1469‑7610.00226
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00226 [Google Scholar]
  4. Adams, C
    (2005) Social communication intervention for school-age children: Rationale and description. Seminars in Speech and Language , 26, 181–188. doi: 10.1055/s‑2005‑917123
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-917123 [Google Scholar]
  5. Adams, C. , & Bishop, D.V.M
    (1989) Conversational characteristics of children with semantic-pragmatic disorder, I. Exchange structure, turntaking, repairs and cohesion. British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 24, 211–239. doi: 10.3109/13682828909019889
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682828909019889 [Google Scholar]
  6. Akhtar, N
    (2005) The robustness of learning through overhearing. Developmental Science , 8, 199–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑7687.2005.00406.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00406.x [Google Scholar]
  7. Arfé, B. , & Perondi, I
    (2008) Deaf and hearing students’ referential strategies in writing: What referential cohesion tells us about deaf students’ literacy development. First Language , 28, 355–74. doi: 10.1177/0142723708091043
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723708091043 [Google Scholar]
  8. Arnold, J. , Brown-Schmidt, S. , & Trueswell, J.C
    (2007) Children’s use of gender and order-of-mention during pronoun comprehension. Language and Cognitive Processes , 22, 527–65. doi: 10.1080/01690960600845950
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960600845950 [Google Scholar]
  9. Aro, T.T. , Eklund, K.K. , Nurmi, J.E. , & Poikkeus, A
    (2012) Early language and behavioral regulation skills as predictors of social outcomes. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 55, 395–408. doi: 10.1080/01690960600845950
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960600845950 [Google Scholar]
  10. Astington, J.W. , Harris, P.L. , & Olson, D.R
    (1988)  Developing Theories of Mind . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bach, K. , & Harnish, R.M
    (1979)  Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bamberg, M
    (1987)  The Acquisition of Narratives . Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110854190
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110854190 [Google Scholar]
  13. Baron-Cohen, S
    (1988) Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 18, 379–402. doi: 10.1515/9783110854190
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110854190 [Google Scholar]
  14. (1989) The autistic child’s theory of mind: A case of specific developmental delay. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 30, 285–297. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.1989.tb00241.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x [Google Scholar]
  15. Bates, E
    (1976)  Language and Context: The Acquisition of Pragmatics . New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Bates, E. , Benigni, L. , Bretherton, I. , Camaioni, L. , & Volterra, V
    (1979a)  The emergence of symbols: cognition and communication in infancy . New York: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. (1979b) Cognition and communication from 9–13 months: Correlational findings. In E. Bates , L. Benigni , I. ­Bretherton , L. Camaioni , & V. Volterra (Eds.), The Emergence of Symbols: Cognition and Communication in Infancy (pp. 69–131). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑081540‑1.50009‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-081540-1.50009-0 [Google Scholar]
  18. Bates, E. , & MacWhinney, B
    (1982) Functionalist approaches to grammar. In E. Wanner & L. Gleitman (Eds.), Language Acquisition: The State of the Art (pp. 173–218). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Bignell, S.J. , & Cain, K
    (2007) Pragmatic aspects of communication and language comprehension in groups of children differentiated by teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity. British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 25, 499–512. doi: 10.1348/026151006X171343
    https://doi.org/10.1348/026151006X171343 [Google Scholar]
  20. Bishop, D.V.M
    (1998) Development of the children’s communication checklist (CCC): A method for assessing qualitative aspects of communicative impairment in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines , 39, 879–891. doi: 10.1017/S0021963098002832
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021963098002832 [Google Scholar]
  21. (2000) Pragmatic language impairment: A correlate of SLI, a distinct subgroup, or part of the autistic continuum?In D.V.M Bishop & L.B. Leonard (Eds). Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome (pp. 99–113). Hove: Psychology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. (2003)  Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC-2) – Second Edition . London: Harcourt Assessment/The Psychological Corporation.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Adams, C
    (1989) Conversational characteristics of children with semantic-pragmatic disorder, II. What features lead to a judgement of inappropriacy? British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 24, 241–263. doi: 10.3109/13682828909019890
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682828909019890 [Google Scholar]
  24. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Baird, G
    (2001) Parent and teacher report of pragmatic aspects of communication: use of the children’s communication checklist in a clinical setting. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 43, 809–818. doi: 10.1017/S0012162201001475
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201001475 [Google Scholar]
  25. Bishop, D.V.M. , Chan, J. , Hartley, J. , Adams, C. , & Weir, F
    (2000) Conversational responsiveness in specific language impairment: Evidence of disproportionate pragmatic difficulties in a subset of children. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 177–199. doi: 10.1017/S0954579400002042
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400002042 [Google Scholar]
  26. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Norbury, C.F
    (2002) Exploring the borderlands of autistic disorder and specific language impairment: A study using standardised diagnostic instruments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 43, 917–929. doi: 10.1111/1469‑7610.00114
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00114 [Google Scholar]
  27. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Rosenbloom, L
    (1987) Classification of childhood language disorders. In W. Yule & M. Rutter (Eds.), Language Development and Disorders . Clinics in Developmental Medicine 101–102. London: MacKeith Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Blair, C. , & Razza, R.A
    (2007) Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development , 78, 647–663. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑8624.2007.01019.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x [Google Scholar]
  29. Bleichrodt, N. , Resing, W.C.M. , & Zaal, J.N
    (2004) Beoordeling van schoolgedrag. SCHOLB-R (assessment of school behaviour). Lisse: Harcourt Test Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Botting, N. , & Conti-Ramsden, G
    (1999) Pragmatic language impairment without autism: The children in question. Autism , 3, 371–396. doi: 10.1177/1362361399003004005
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003004005 [Google Scholar]
  31. Bowman, B.T. , & Moore, E
    (2005)  School Readiness and Social-Emotional Development: Perspectives on Cultural Diversity . Washington, DC: National Black Child Development Institute.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Bruner, J
    (1983)  Child’s Talk: Learning to Use Language . New York, NY: Norton.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Bzoch, K.R. , & League, R
    (2003)  The Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale – 3rd Ed. East Moline, IL: Linguisystems.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Camarata, S.M. , & Gibson, T
    (1999) Pragmatic language deficits in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews , 5, 207–214. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098‑2779(1999)5:3%3c207::AID‑MRDD7%3e3.0.CO;2‑O
    https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1999)5:3%3c207::AID-MRDD7%3e3.0.CO;2-O [Google Scholar]
  35. Clark, E.V
    (2009)  First Language Acquisition (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511806698
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806698 [Google Scholar]
  36. Cohen, N.J
    (2001)  Language Impairment and Psychopathology in Infants, Children, and Adolescents . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Cohen, J.S. , & Mendes, J.L
    (2009) Emotion regulation, language ability, and the stability of preschool children’s peer play behavior. Early Education and Development , 20, 1016–1037. doi: 10.1080/10409280903305716
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280903305716 [Google Scholar]
  38. Cole, P
    (1982)  Language Disorders in Preschool Children . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Comblain, A. , & Elbouz, M
    (2002) The fragile-X syndrome: What about the deficit in the pragmatic component of language? Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology , 2, 244–265. doi: 10.1891/194589502787383227
    https://doi.org/10.1891/194589502787383227 [Google Scholar]
  40. Conti-Ramsden, G. , & Gunn, M
    (1986) The development of conversational disability: A case study. British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 21, 339–351. doi: 10.3109/13682828609019846
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682828609019846 [Google Scholar]
  41. Corsaro, W
    (1985)  Friendship and Peer Culture in the Early Years . Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Craig, H. , & Evans, J.L
    (1993) Pragmatics and SLI: Within group variations in discourse behavior. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 36, 777–789.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Craig, H
    (1983) Applications of pragmatic language models for intervention. In T. Gallagher , & C. Prutting (Eds.), Pragmatic Assessment and Intervention Issues in Language (pp. 101–127). San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Craig, H.K. , & Washington, J.A
    (1993) Access behaviors of children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 36, 322–337.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Crais, E.R
    (2011) Testing and beyond: Strategies and tools for evaluating and assessing infants and toddlers. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools , 42, 341–364. doi: 10.1044/0161‑1461(2010/09‑0061)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2010/09-0061) [Google Scholar]
  46. Cronbach, L.J. , & Meehl, P.E
    (1955) Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin , 52, 281–302. doi: 10.1037/h0040957
    https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040957 [Google Scholar]
  47. Dempsey, L. , & Skarakis-Doyle, E
    (2010) Developmental language impairment through the lens of the ICF: An integrated account of children’s functioning. Journal of Communication Disorders , 43, 424–437. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.05.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.05.004 [Google Scholar]
  48. Dimitracopoulou, I
    (1990)  Conversational Competence and Social Development . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511663956
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511663956 [Google Scholar]
  49. Dore, J
    (1978) Conditions for the acquisition of speech acts. In I. Markova (Ed.), The Social Context of Language (pp. 87–111). Chichester: Wiley.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Dorval, B. , & Eckerman, C.O
    (1984) Developmental trends in the quality of conversation achieved by small groups of acquainted peers. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 49, serial no. 206. doi: 10.2307/1165872
    https://doi.org/10.2307/1165872 [Google Scholar]
  51. Duchan, J
    (1984) Language assessment: The pragmatics revolution. In R. Naremore (Ed.), Language Science . San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Duncan, G. , Dowsett, C. , Claessens, A. , Magnuson, K. , Huston, A. , Klebanov, P ., et al.
    (2007) School readiness and later achievement. Developmental Psychology , 43, 1428–1446. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.43.6.1428
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1428 [Google Scholar]
  53. Ervin-Tripp, S.M. , & Gordon, D.P
    (1985) The development of requests. In R.L. Schiefelbusch (Ed.), Language Competence: Assessment and Intervention (pp. 61–95). San Diego, CA: ­College Hill.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Ervin-Tripp, S. , & Mitchell-Kernan, C
    (1977) Introduction. In S. Ervin-Tripp & C. Mittchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child Discourse (pp. 1–26). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑241950‑8.50007‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-241950-8.50007-1 [Google Scholar]
  55. Fecica, A.M. , & O’Neill, D.K
    (2010) A step at a time: Preliterate children’s simulation of narrative movement during story comprehension. Cognition , 16, 368–381. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.014
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.014 [Google Scholar]
  56. Fenson, L. , Dale, P.S. , Reznick, J.S. , Thal, D. , Bates, E. , Hartung, J.P. , Pethick, S. , & Reilly, J.S
    (1993)  MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User’s guide and technical manual . San Diego, CA: Singular.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Fujiki, M. , & Brinton, B
    (2009) Pragmatics and social communication in child language disorders. In R.G. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of Child Language Disorders (pp. 496–423). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Gallagher, T.M
    (1991) Language and social skills: Implications for assessment and intervention with school-age children. In T.M. Gallagher (Ed.), Pragmatics of Language: Clinical Practice Issues (p. 11–41). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4899‑7156‑2_2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7156-2_2 [Google Scholar]
  59. Geurts, H.M. , Verte, S. , Oosterlann, J. , Roeyers, H. , Hartman, C.A. , Mulder, E.J. , Berckelaer-Onnes, I.A. , & Sargeant, J.A
    (2004) Can the Children’s Communication Checklist differentiate between children with autism, children with ADHD, and normal controls? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45, 1437–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.2004.00326.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00326.x [Google Scholar]
  60. Gillott, A. , Furniss, F. , & Walter, A
    (2004) Theory of mind ability in children with specific language impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy , 20, 1–11. doi: 10.1191/0265659004ct260oa
    https://doi.org/10.1191/0265659004ct260oa [Google Scholar]
  61. Gilmour, J. , Hill, B. , Place, M. , & Skuse, D.H
    (2004) Social communication deficits in conduct disorder: a clinical and community survey. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45, 967–978. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.2004.t01‑1‑00289.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00289.x [Google Scholar]
  62. Glascoe, F.P
    (1997) Parents concerns about children’s development: Prescreening techinique or screening test? Pediatrics, 99, 522–528 DOI: 10.1542/pEds.99.4.522
    https://doi.org/10.1542/pEds.99.4.522 [Google Scholar]
  63. Glascoe, F.P. , & Dworkin, P.H
    (1995) The role of parents in the detection of developmental and behavioral problems. Pediatrics , 95, 829–836.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Goffman, I
    (1981)  Forms of Talk . Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Goodman, R
    (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 38, 581–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.1997.tb01545.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x [Google Scholar]
  66. Grice, H.P
    (1975) Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J.L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics , Vol. 3: Speech Acts (pp.225–242). New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Hadley, P.A. , & Rice, M.L
    (1993) Parental judgments of preschoolers’ speech and language development: A resource for assessment and IEP planning. Seminars in Speech and Language , 14, 278–288. doi: 10.1055/s‑2008‑1064177
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064177 [Google Scholar]
  68. Halliday, M.A.K
    (1975)  Learning How to Mean: Explorations in the Development of Language . London: Edward Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Hedrick, D.L. , Prather, E.M. , & Tobin, A.R
    (1984)  Sequenced Inventory of Communicative Development-Revised . Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Hickmann, M. , & Hendriks, H
    (1999) Cohesion and anaphora in children’s narratives: A comparison of English, French, German and Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Child Language , 26, 419–52. doi: 10.1017/S0305000999003785
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000999003785 [Google Scholar]
  71. Hirsh-Pasek, K. , Kochanoff, A. , Newcombe, N.S. , & de Villiers, J
    (2005) Using scientific knowledge to inform preschool assessment: Making the case for “empirical validity.” Social Policy Report , XIX(1).
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Holck, P. , Nettelbladt, U. , Sandberg, A. , & Dahlgren, A
    (2009) Children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida and pragmatic language impairment: Differences and similarities in pragmatic ability. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 30, 942–951. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.008
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.008 [Google Scholar]
  73. Hutchins, T.L. , & Prelock, P.A
    (2008) Supporting theory of mind development: Considerations and recommendations for professionals providing services to individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Topics in Language Disorders , 28, 340–364. doi: 10.1097/01.TLD.0000341128.01158.f2
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TLD.0000341128.01158.f2 [Google Scholar]
  74. Hutchins, T. , Prelock, P.A. , & Bonazinga, L
    (2011) Psychometric evaluation of the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI): A study of typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 42, 327–341. doi: 10.1007/s10803‑011‑1244‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1244-7 [Google Scholar]
  75. Hutchins, T.L. , Prelock, P.A. , & Chace, W
    (2008) Test-retest reliability of a theory of mind task battery for children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 23, 195–206. doi: 10.1177/1088357608322998
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357608322998 [Google Scholar]
  76. Hymes, D
    (1972) On communicative competence. In J.B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics . London: Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Justice, L.M. , Bowles, R.P. , Pence Turnbull, K.L. , & Skibbe, L.E
    (2009) School readiness among children with varying histories of language difficulties. Developmental Psychology , 45, 460–476. doi: 10.1037/a0014324
    https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014324 [Google Scholar]
  78. Karmiloff-Smith, A
    (1979)  A Functional Approach to Language: A Study of Determiners and Reference . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Ketelaars, M.P. , Cuperus, J.M. , van Daal, J. , Jansonius, K. , & Verhoeven, L
    (2010) Screening for pragmatic language impairment: The potential of the children’s communication checklist. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 30, 952–960. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.006
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.006 [Google Scholar]
  80. LaSalle, B
    (2003)  Finding Ben: A Mother’s Journey through the Maze of Asperger’s . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Leech, G.N
    (1983)  Principles of Pragmatics . Longman: London.
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Leonard, L.B. , Prutting, C.A. , Perozzi, J. , & Berkeley, R
    (1978) Non-standardized approaches to the assessment of language disorders. American Speech and Hearing Association , 20, 371–379.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Lerner, M.D. , Hutchins, T.L. , & Prelock, P.A
    (2011) Brief report: Preliminary evaluation of the ToMI and its relationship to measures of social skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 41, 512–517. doi: 10.1007/s10803‑010‑1066‑z
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1066-z [Google Scholar]
  84. Levinson, S.C
    (1983)  Pragmatics . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Levy, Y. , Tennebaum, A. , & Orney, A
    (2000) Spontaneous language in children with congenital neurological deficits. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research , 43, 351–365.
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Lord, C. , & Paul, R
    (1997) Language and communication in autism. In D.J. Cohen & F.R. ­Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (2ndEd.)New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Lund, N.J. , & Duchan, J.F
    (1983)  Assessing Children’s Language in Naturalistic Contexts . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Mackie, L. , & Law, J
    (2010) Pragmatic language and the child with emotional/behavioural difficulties (EBD): A pilot study exploring the interaction between behaviour and communication difficulty. International Journal of Communication Disorders , 45, 397–410. doi: 10.3109/13682820903105137
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820903105137 [Google Scholar]
  89. McCardle, P. , Cooper, J. , & Freund, L
    (2005) Language and genetics: Ne Eds and opportunities. Applied Psycholinguistics , 26, 129–135. doi: 10.1017/S0142716405050101
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716405050101 [Google Scholar]
  90. McLeod, S
    (2004) Speech pathologists’ application of the ICF to children with speech impairment. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology , 6, 75–81. doi: 10.1080/14417040410001669516
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040410001669516 [Google Scholar]
  91. McLeod, S. , & Threats, T
    (2008) The ICF-CY and children with communication difficulties. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology , 10, 92–109. doi: 10.1080/17549500701834690
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17549500701834690 [Google Scholar]
  92. McShane, J
    (1980)  Learning to Talk . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  93. McTear, M.F. , & Conti-Ramsden, G
    (1992)  Pragmatic Disability in Children . London: Whurr.
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Miller, C.A
    (2001) False belief understanding in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Communication Disorders , 34, 73–86. doi: 10.1016/S0021‑9924(00)00042‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(00)00042-3 [Google Scholar]
  95. Miller, C
    (2004) False belief and sentence complement performance in children with specific language impairment. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders , 39, 191–213. doi: 10.1080/13682820310001616994
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820310001616994 [Google Scholar]
  96. Miller, C.A
    (2006) Developmental relationships between language and theory of mind. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 15, 142–154. doi: 10.1044/1058‑0360(2006/014)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2006/014) [Google Scholar]
  97. Nelson, K
    (1981) Individual differences in language development: Implications for development and language. Developmental Psychology , 17, 170–187. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.17.2.170
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.17.2.170 [Google Scholar]
  98. (1985)  Making Sense: The Acquisition of Shared Meaning . New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  99. (1995) Language pathways into the community of minds. In J.W. Astington , & J. Baird (Eds.), Why Language Matters for Theory of Mind (pp. 26–49). Oxford: OUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Ninio, A. , & Snow, C
    (1996)  Pragmatic Development . Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Norris, J.A. , & Hoffman, P.R
    (1990) Language intervention with naturalistic environments. Language Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools , 21, 72–84.
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Ochs, E
    (1988)  Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Owens, R.E.J
    (1995)  Language Disorders: A Functional Approach to Assessment and Intervention (2nd Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
    [Google Scholar]
  104. O’Neill, D.K
    (2005) Talking about “new” information: The given/new distinction and children’s developing theory of mind. In J.W. Astington & J. Baird (Eds.), Why Language Matters for Theory of Mind (pp. 84–105). Oxford: OUP. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0005
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0005 [Google Scholar]
  105. (2007) The Language Use Inventory for Young Children: A parent-report measure of pragmatic language development for 18–47-month-old children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 50, 1–15. doi: 10.1044/1092‑4388(2007/017)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2007/017) [Google Scholar]
  106. (2009)  Language Use Inventory: Manual . Waterloo, ON: Knowledge in Development.
    [Google Scholar]
  107. (2012) Components of pragmatic ability and children’s pragmatic language development. In H.-J. Schmid (Ed.), Cognitive Pragmatics (pp. 261–290). Berlin: De Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110214215.261
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214215.261 [Google Scholar]
  108. O’Neill, D.K. , & Holmes, A
    (2002) Young preschoolers’ ability to reference story characters: The contribution of gesture and character speech. First Language , 22, 73–103.
    [Google Scholar]
  109. O’Neill, D.K. , Main, R.M. , & Ziemski, R
    (2009) “I like Barney”. Preschoolers’ spontaneous conversational initiations with peers. First Language , 29, 401–425. doi: 10.1177/0142723709105315
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723709105315 [Google Scholar]
  110. O’Neill, D.K. , Pearce, M.J. , & Pick, J.L
    (2004) Predictive relations between aspects of preschool children’s narratives and performance on the Peabody Individualized Achievement Test – Revised: Evidence of a relation between early narrative and later mathematical ability. First Language , 24, 149–183. doi: 10.1177/0142723704043529
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723704043529 [Google Scholar]
  111. O’Neill, D.K. , & Shultis, R
    (2007) The emergence of the ability to track a character’s mental perspective in narrative. Developmental Psychology , 43, 1032–1037. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.43.4.1032
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.1032 [Google Scholar]
  112. Oshima-Takane, Y
    (1988) Children learn from speech not addressed to them: The case of personal pronouns. Journal of Child Language , 15, 95–108. doi: 10.1017/S0305000900012071
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900012071 [Google Scholar]
  113. Paul, R. , & Norbury, C.F
    (2011) Language Disorders from Infancy through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communicating (4th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Perkins, M
    (2007)  Pragmatic Impairment . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486555
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486555 [Google Scholar]
  115. Perkins, M.R
    (2009) Pragmatic impairment as an emergent phenomenon. In M.J. Ball , M.R. ­Perkins , N. Muller , & S. Howard (Eds.), The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics (pp. ­79–91). Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Philofsky, A. , Fidler, D.J. , & Hepburn, S
    (2007) Pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 16, 368–380. doi: 10.1044/1058‑0360(2007/040)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2007/040) [Google Scholar]
  117. Pianta, R.C. , Cox, M.J. , & Snow, K.L
    (Eds.) (2007)  School Readiness and the Transition to Kindergarten in the Era of Accountability . Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Prizant, B.M. , & Wetherby, A.M
    (1990) Toward an integrated view of early language and communication development and socioemotional development. Topics in Language Disorders , 10, 1–16. doi: 10.1097/00011363‑199009000‑00003
    https://doi.org/10.1097/00011363-199009000-00003 [Google Scholar]
  119. Prutting, C.A
    (1982) Pragmatics as social competence. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 47, 123–134.
    [Google Scholar]
  120. (1985) The long battle for the light. National Student Speech, Language and Hearing Association Journal , 13, 5–9.
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Prutting, C.A. , & Kirchner, D.M
    (1987) A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 52, 105–119.
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Rall, J. , & Harris, P.L
    (2000) In Cinderella’s slippers? Story comprehension from the protagonist’s point of view. Developmental Psychology , 36, 202–208. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.36.2.202
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.202 [Google Scholar]
  123. Rapin, I. , & Allen, D.A
    (1983) Developmental language disorders: Nosological considerations. In U. Kirk (Ed.), Neuropsychology of Language, Reading and Spelling (pp. 155–184). New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  124. (1998) The semantic-pragmatic deficit disorder: Classification issues. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 33, 82–87.
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Rice, M.L. , Warren, S.F. , & Betz, S.K
    (2005) Language symptoms of developmental language disorders: An overview of autism, Down syndrome, fragile X, specific language impairment, and Williams syndrome. Applied Psycholinguistics , 26, 7–27. doi: 10.1017/S0142716405050034
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716405050034 [Google Scholar]
  126. Roberts, J.E. , Chapman, R.S. , Martin, G.E. , & Moskowitz, L
    (2008) Language of preschool and school-age children with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. In J.E. Roberts , R.S. Chapman , G.E. Martin , & L. Moskowitz (Eds.), Speech and Language Development and Intervention in Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome (pp. 77–115). Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Rossetti, L
    (1990)  The Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale: A Measure of Communication and Interaction . East Moline, IL: Linguisystems.
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Schiefelbusch, R.L. , & Pickar, J
    (1984)  The Acquisition of Communicative Competence . Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Schieffelin, B. , & Ochs, E
    (Eds.) (1986)  Language Socialization across Cultures . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Searle, J.R
    (1969)  Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139173438
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438 [Google Scholar]
  131. Skarakis-Doyle, E. , & Dempsey, L
    (2008) Assessing story comprehension in preschool children. Topics in Language Disorders , 28, 131–148. doi: 10.1097/01.TLD.0000318934.54548.7f
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TLD.0000318934.54548.7f [Google Scholar]
  132. Slobin, D.I
    (1985) Cross-linguistic evidence for the language-making capacity. In D.I. ­Slobin (Ed.), The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition , Vol.2, Theoretical Issues (pp. 1157–1256). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Slobin, D.I. , Gerhardt, J. , Kyratzis, A. , & Guo, J
    (1996)  Social Interaction, Social Context, and Language: Essays in Honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Smith, B.R. , & Leinonen, E
    (1992)  Clinical Pragmatics: Unravelling the Complexities of Communicative Failure . London: Chapman & Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Snow, C.E. , Burns, M.S. , & Griffin, P
    (1998)  Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children . Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Sperber, D. , & Wilson, D
    (1986)  Relevance: Communication and Cognition . Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  137. Spinelli, F. , & Terrell, B
    (1984) Remediation in context. Topics in Language Disorders , 5(1), 29–40. doi: 10.1097/00011363‑198412000‑00007
    https://doi.org/10.1097/00011363-198412000-00007 [Google Scholar]
  138. Squires, J. , & Bricker, D
    (2009)  Ages & Stages Questionnaires (3rd Ed., ASQ-3). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  139. Tager-Flusberg, H
    (1999) A psychological approach to understanding the social and language impairments in autism. International Review of Psychiatry , 11, 325–334. doi: 10.1080/09540269974203
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09540269974203 [Google Scholar]
  140. Thagard, E.K. , Hilsmier, A.S. , & Easterbrooks, S.R
    (2011) Pragmatic language in deaf and hard of hearing students: Correlation with success in general education. American Annals of the Deaf , 155, 526–534. doi: 10.1353/aad.2011.0008
    https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2011.0008 [Google Scholar]
  141. Thomas-Stonell, N. , Oddson, B. , Robertson, B. , & Rosenbaum, P
    (2010) Development of the FOCUS (Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six): A Communication Outcome Measure for Preschool Children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52, 47–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑8749.2009.03410.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03410.x [Google Scholar]
  142. Thompson, L
    (1996) The development of pragmatic competence: Past findings and future directions for research. In L. Thompson (Ed.), Children Talking: The Development of Pragmatic Competence (pp. 3–21). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Tomasello, M
    (1992) The social bases of language acquisition. Social Development , 1, 67–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑9507.1992.tb00135.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x [Google Scholar]
  144. (2003)  Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
    [Google Scholar]
  145. Tough, J
    (1977)  The Development of Meaning . New York, NY: Halstead.
    [Google Scholar]
  146. Vallotton, C. , & Ayoub, C
    (2011) Use your words: The role of language in the development of toddlers’ self-regulation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 26, 169–181. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.09.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.09.002 [Google Scholar]
  147. Van Agt, H. , Verhoeven, L. , van den Brink, G. , de Koning, H
    (2010) The impact on socio-­emotional development and quality of life of language impairment in 8-year-old children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 53, 81–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑8749.2010.03794.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03794.x [Google Scholar]
  148. Verschueren, J
    (1999)  Understanding Pragmatics . London: Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
  149. Washington, K.N
    (2007) Using the ICF within speech language pathology: Application to developmental language impairment. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology , 9, 242–255. doi: 10.1080/14417040701261525
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040701261525 [Google Scholar]
  150. (2010) Focus on practical application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in day-to-day clinical practice. The Canadian Association of Speech-language Pathologists and Audiologists Communiqué , 24, 4–8.
    [Google Scholar]
  151. Wetherby, A.M
    (1986) The ontogeny of communicative functions in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 16, 295–316. doi: 10.1007/BF01531661
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531661 [Google Scholar]
  152. (1991) Profiling pragmatic abilities in the emerging language in young children. In T.M. Gallagher (Ed.), Pragmatics of Language: Clinical Practice Issues (pp. 249–281). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4899‑7156‑2_9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7156-2_9 [Google Scholar]
  153. Wetherby, A.M. , & Prizant, B.M
    (1993)  Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales: Normed edition . Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  154. World Health Organization
    (2007)  International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Version for Children and Youth: ICF-CY . Geneva: World Health Organization.
    [Google Scholar]
  155. Wigglesworth, G
    (1990) Children’s narrative acquisition: A study of some aspects of reference and anaphora. First Language , 10, 105–25. doi: 10.1177/014272379001002902
    https://doi.org/10.1177/014272379001002902 [Google Scholar]
  156. Wiig, E. , & Semel, E
    (1976)  Language Disabilities in Children and Adolescents . Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
    [Google Scholar]
  157. Winner, M.G
    (2007)  Thinking about YOU Thinking about ME (2nd Ed.). San Jose, CA: Think Social Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Abbeduto, L. , & Murphy, M.M
    (2004) Language and communication in fragile x syndrome. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews , 7, 45–55. doi: 10.1002/1098‑2779(200102)7:1%3c45::AID‑MRDD1007%3e3.0.CO;2‑H
    https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2779(200102)7:1%3c45::AID-MRDD1007%3e3.0.CO;2-H [Google Scholar]
  2. Abbeduto, L. , & Short-Meyerson, K
    (2002) Linguistic influences on social interaction. In H. Goldstein , L.A. Kaczmarek , & English, K.M . (Eds.), Promoting Social Communication: Children with Developmental Disabilities from Birth to Adolescence (pp. 27–54). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. AdamsC
    (2002) Practitioner review: The assessment of language pragmatics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 43(8), 973–87. doi: 10.1111/1469‑7610.00226
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00226 [Google Scholar]
  4. Adams, C
    (2005) Social communication intervention for school-age children: Rationale and description. Seminars in Speech and Language , 26, 181–188. doi: 10.1055/s‑2005‑917123
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-917123 [Google Scholar]
  5. Adams, C. , & Bishop, D.V.M
    (1989) Conversational characteristics of children with semantic-pragmatic disorder, I. Exchange structure, turntaking, repairs and cohesion. British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 24, 211–239. doi: 10.3109/13682828909019889
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682828909019889 [Google Scholar]
  6. Akhtar, N
    (2005) The robustness of learning through overhearing. Developmental Science , 8, 199–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑7687.2005.00406.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00406.x [Google Scholar]
  7. Arfé, B. , & Perondi, I
    (2008) Deaf and hearing students’ referential strategies in writing: What referential cohesion tells us about deaf students’ literacy development. First Language , 28, 355–74. doi: 10.1177/0142723708091043
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723708091043 [Google Scholar]
  8. Arnold, J. , Brown-Schmidt, S. , & Trueswell, J.C
    (2007) Children’s use of gender and order-of-mention during pronoun comprehension. Language and Cognitive Processes , 22, 527–65. doi: 10.1080/01690960600845950
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960600845950 [Google Scholar]
  9. Aro, T.T. , Eklund, K.K. , Nurmi, J.E. , & Poikkeus, A
    (2012) Early language and behavioral regulation skills as predictors of social outcomes. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , 55, 395–408. doi: 10.1080/01690960600845950
    https://doi.org/10.1080/01690960600845950 [Google Scholar]
  10. Astington, J.W. , Harris, P.L. , & Olson, D.R
    (1988)  Developing Theories of Mind . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Bach, K. , & Harnish, R.M
    (1979)  Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Bamberg, M
    (1987)  The Acquisition of Narratives . Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110854190
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110854190 [Google Scholar]
  13. Baron-Cohen, S
    (1988) Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 18, 379–402. doi: 10.1515/9783110854190
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110854190 [Google Scholar]
  14. (1989) The autistic child’s theory of mind: A case of specific developmental delay. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 30, 285–297. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.1989.tb00241.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00241.x [Google Scholar]
  15. Bates, E
    (1976)  Language and Context: The Acquisition of Pragmatics . New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Bates, E. , Benigni, L. , Bretherton, I. , Camaioni, L. , & Volterra, V
    (1979a)  The emergence of symbols: cognition and communication in infancy . New York: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. (1979b) Cognition and communication from 9–13 months: Correlational findings. In E. Bates , L. Benigni , I. ­Bretherton , L. Camaioni , & V. Volterra (Eds.), The Emergence of Symbols: Cognition and Communication in Infancy (pp. 69–131). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑081540‑1.50009‑0
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-081540-1.50009-0 [Google Scholar]
  18. Bates, E. , & MacWhinney, B
    (1982) Functionalist approaches to grammar. In E. Wanner & L. Gleitman (Eds.), Language Acquisition: The State of the Art (pp. 173–218). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Bignell, S.J. , & Cain, K
    (2007) Pragmatic aspects of communication and language comprehension in groups of children differentiated by teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity. British Journal of Developmental Psychology , 25, 499–512. doi: 10.1348/026151006X171343
    https://doi.org/10.1348/026151006X171343 [Google Scholar]
  20. Bishop, D.V.M
    (1998) Development of the children’s communication checklist (CCC): A method for assessing qualitative aspects of communicative impairment in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines , 39, 879–891. doi: 10.1017/S0021963098002832
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021963098002832 [Google Scholar]
  21. (2000) Pragmatic language impairment: A correlate of SLI, a distinct subgroup, or part of the autistic continuum?In D.V.M Bishop & L.B. Leonard (Eds). Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome (pp. 99–113). Hove: Psychology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. (2003)  Children’s Communication Checklist (CCC-2) – Second Edition . London: Harcourt Assessment/The Psychological Corporation.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Adams, C
    (1989) Conversational characteristics of children with semantic-pragmatic disorder, II. What features lead to a judgement of inappropriacy? British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 24, 241–263. doi: 10.3109/13682828909019890
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682828909019890 [Google Scholar]
  24. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Baird, G
    (2001) Parent and teacher report of pragmatic aspects of communication: use of the children’s communication checklist in a clinical setting. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 43, 809–818. doi: 10.1017/S0012162201001475
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0012162201001475 [Google Scholar]
  25. Bishop, D.V.M. , Chan, J. , Hartley, J. , Adams, C. , & Weir, F
    (2000) Conversational responsiveness in specific language impairment: Evidence of disproportionate pragmatic difficulties in a subset of children. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 177–199. doi: 10.1017/S0954579400002042
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400002042 [Google Scholar]
  26. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Norbury, C.F
    (2002) Exploring the borderlands of autistic disorder and specific language impairment: A study using standardised diagnostic instruments. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 43, 917–929. doi: 10.1111/1469‑7610.00114
    https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00114 [Google Scholar]
  27. Bishop, D.V.M. , & Rosenbloom, L
    (1987) Classification of childhood language disorders. In W. Yule & M. Rutter (Eds.), Language Development and Disorders . Clinics in Developmental Medicine 101–102. London: MacKeith Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Blair, C. , & Razza, R.A
    (2007) Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Child Development , 78, 647–663. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑8624.2007.01019.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x [Google Scholar]
  29. Bleichrodt, N. , Resing, W.C.M. , & Zaal, J.N
    (2004) Beoordeling van schoolgedrag. SCHOLB-R (assessment of school behaviour). Lisse: Harcourt Test Publishers.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Botting, N. , & Conti-Ramsden, G
    (1999) Pragmatic language impairment without autism: The children in question. Autism , 3, 371–396. doi: 10.1177/1362361399003004005
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003004005 [Google Scholar]
  31. Bowman, B.T. , & Moore, E
    (2005)  School Readiness and Social-Emotional Development: Perspectives on Cultural Diversity . Washington, DC: National Black Child Development Institute.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Bruner, J
    (1983)  Child’s Talk: Learning to Use Language . New York, NY: Norton.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Bzoch, K.R. , & League, R
    (2003)  The Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale – 3rd Ed. East Moline, IL: Linguisystems.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Camarata, S.M. , & Gibson, T
    (1999) Pragmatic language deficits in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews , 5, 207–214. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098‑2779(1999)5:3%3c207::AID‑MRDD7%3e3.0.CO;2‑O
    https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2779(1999)5:3%3c207::AID-MRDD7%3e3.0.CO;2-O [Google Scholar]
  35. Clark, E.V
    (2009)  First Language Acquisition (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511806698
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806698 [Google Scholar]
  36. Cohen, N.J
    (2001)  Language Impairment and Psychopathology in Infants, Children, and Adolescents . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Cohen, J.S. , & Mendes, J.L
    (2009) Emotion regulation, language ability, and the stability of preschool children’s peer play behavior. Early Education and Development , 20, 1016–1037. doi: 10.1080/10409280903305716
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280903305716 [Google Scholar]
  38. Cole, P
    (1982)  Language Disorders in Preschool Children . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Comblain, A. , & Elbouz, M
    (2002) The fragile-X syndrome: What about the deficit in the pragmatic component of language? Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology , 2, 244–265. doi: 10.1891/194589502787383227
    https://doi.org/10.1891/194589502787383227 [Google Scholar]
  40. Conti-Ramsden, G. , & Gunn, M
    (1986) The development of conversational disability: A case study. British Journal of Disorders of Communication , 21, 339–351. doi: 10.3109/13682828609019846
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682828609019846 [Google Scholar]
  41. Corsaro, W
    (1985)  Friendship and Peer Culture in the Early Years . Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Craig, H. , & Evans, J.L
    (1993) Pragmatics and SLI: Within group variations in discourse behavior. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 36, 777–789.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Craig, H
    (1983) Applications of pragmatic language models for intervention. In T. Gallagher , & C. Prutting (Eds.), Pragmatic Assessment and Intervention Issues in Language (pp. 101–127). San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Craig, H.K. , & Washington, J.A
    (1993) Access behaviors of children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research , 36, 322–337.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Crais, E.R
    (2011) Testing and beyond: Strategies and tools for evaluating and assessing infants and toddlers. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools , 42, 341–364. doi: 10.1044/0161‑1461(2010/09‑0061)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2010/09-0061) [Google Scholar]
  46. Cronbach, L.J. , & Meehl, P.E
    (1955) Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin , 52, 281–302. doi: 10.1037/h0040957
    https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040957 [Google Scholar]
  47. Dempsey, L. , & Skarakis-Doyle, E
    (2010) Developmental language impairment through the lens of the ICF: An integrated account of children’s functioning. Journal of Communication Disorders , 43, 424–437. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.05.004
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2010.05.004 [Google Scholar]
  48. Dimitracopoulou, I
    (1990)  Conversational Competence and Social Development . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511663956
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511663956 [Google Scholar]
  49. Dore, J
    (1978) Conditions for the acquisition of speech acts. In I. Markova (Ed.), The Social Context of Language (pp. 87–111). Chichester: Wiley.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Dorval, B. , & Eckerman, C.O
    (1984) Developmental trends in the quality of conversation achieved by small groups of acquainted peers. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 49, serial no. 206. doi: 10.2307/1165872
    https://doi.org/10.2307/1165872 [Google Scholar]
  51. Duchan, J
    (1984) Language assessment: The pragmatics revolution. In R. Naremore (Ed.), Language Science . San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Duncan, G. , Dowsett, C. , Claessens, A. , Magnuson, K. , Huston, A. , Klebanov, P ., et al.
    (2007) School readiness and later achievement. Developmental Psychology , 43, 1428–1446. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.43.6.1428
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1428 [Google Scholar]
  53. Ervin-Tripp, S.M. , & Gordon, D.P
    (1985) The development of requests. In R.L. Schiefelbusch (Ed.), Language Competence: Assessment and Intervention (pp. 61–95). San Diego, CA: ­College Hill.
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Ervin-Tripp, S. , & Mitchell-Kernan, C
    (1977) Introduction. In S. Ervin-Tripp & C. Mittchell-Kernan (Eds.), Child Discourse (pp. 1–26). New York, NY: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑241950‑8.50007‑1
    https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-241950-8.50007-1 [Google Scholar]
  55. Fecica, A.M. , & O’Neill, D.K
    (2010) A step at a time: Preliterate children’s simulation of narrative movement during story comprehension. Cognition , 16, 368–381. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.014
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.014 [Google Scholar]
  56. Fenson, L. , Dale, P.S. , Reznick, J.S. , Thal, D. , Bates, E. , Hartung, J.P. , Pethick, S. , & Reilly, J.S
    (1993)  MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User’s guide and technical manual . San Diego, CA: Singular.
    [Google Scholar]
  57. Fujiki, M. , & Brinton, B
    (2009) Pragmatics and social communication in child language disorders. In R.G. Schwartz (Ed.), Handbook of Child Language Disorders (pp. 496–423). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  58. Gallagher, T.M
    (1991) Language and social skills: Implications for assessment and intervention with school-age children. In T.M. Gallagher (Ed.), Pragmatics of Language: Clinical Practice Issues (p. 11–41). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4899‑7156‑2_2
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7156-2_2 [Google Scholar]
  59. Geurts, H.M. , Verte, S. , Oosterlann, J. , Roeyers, H. , Hartman, C.A. , Mulder, E.J. , Berckelaer-Onnes, I.A. , & Sargeant, J.A
    (2004) Can the Children’s Communication Checklist differentiate between children with autism, children with ADHD, and normal controls? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45, 1437–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.2004.00326.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00326.x [Google Scholar]
  60. Gillott, A. , Furniss, F. , & Walter, A
    (2004) Theory of mind ability in children with specific language impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy , 20, 1–11. doi: 10.1191/0265659004ct260oa
    https://doi.org/10.1191/0265659004ct260oa [Google Scholar]
  61. Gilmour, J. , Hill, B. , Place, M. , & Skuse, D.H
    (2004) Social communication deficits in conduct disorder: a clinical and community survey. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 45, 967–978. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.2004.t01‑1‑00289.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.t01-1-00289.x [Google Scholar]
  62. Glascoe, F.P
    (1997) Parents concerns about children’s development: Prescreening techinique or screening test? Pediatrics, 99, 522–528 DOI: 10.1542/pEds.99.4.522
    https://doi.org/10.1542/pEds.99.4.522 [Google Scholar]
  63. Glascoe, F.P. , & Dworkin, P.H
    (1995) The role of parents in the detection of developmental and behavioral problems. Pediatrics , 95, 829–836.
    [Google Scholar]
  64. Goffman, I
    (1981)  Forms of Talk . Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  65. Goodman, R
    (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 38, 581–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑7610.1997.tb01545.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x [Google Scholar]
  66. Grice, H.P
    (1975) Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J.L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics , Vol. 3: Speech Acts (pp.225–242). New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  67. Hadley, P.A. , & Rice, M.L
    (1993) Parental judgments of preschoolers’ speech and language development: A resource for assessment and IEP planning. Seminars in Speech and Language , 14, 278–288. doi: 10.1055/s‑2008‑1064177
    https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064177 [Google Scholar]
  68. Halliday, M.A.K
    (1975)  Learning How to Mean: Explorations in the Development of Language . London: Edward Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
  69. Hedrick, D.L. , Prather, E.M. , & Tobin, A.R
    (1984)  Sequenced Inventory of Communicative Development-Revised . Torrance, CA: Western Psychological Services.
    [Google Scholar]
  70. Hickmann, M. , & Hendriks, H
    (1999) Cohesion and anaphora in children’s narratives: A comparison of English, French, German and Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Child Language , 26, 419–52. doi: 10.1017/S0305000999003785
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000999003785 [Google Scholar]
  71. Hirsh-Pasek, K. , Kochanoff, A. , Newcombe, N.S. , & de Villiers, J
    (2005) Using scientific knowledge to inform preschool assessment: Making the case for “empirical validity.” Social Policy Report , XIX(1).
    [Google Scholar]
  72. Holck, P. , Nettelbladt, U. , Sandberg, A. , & Dahlgren, A
    (2009) Children with cerebral palsy, spina bifida and pragmatic language impairment: Differences and similarities in pragmatic ability. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 30, 942–951. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.008
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.008 [Google Scholar]
  73. Hutchins, T.L. , & Prelock, P.A
    (2008) Supporting theory of mind development: Considerations and recommendations for professionals providing services to individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Topics in Language Disorders , 28, 340–364. doi: 10.1097/01.TLD.0000341128.01158.f2
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TLD.0000341128.01158.f2 [Google Scholar]
  74. Hutchins, T. , Prelock, P.A. , & Bonazinga, L
    (2011) Psychometric evaluation of the Theory of Mind Inventory (ToMI): A study of typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 42, 327–341. doi: 10.1007/s10803‑011‑1244‑7
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1244-7 [Google Scholar]
  75. Hutchins, T.L. , Prelock, P.A. , & Chace, W
    (2008) Test-retest reliability of a theory of mind task battery for children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities , 23, 195–206. doi: 10.1177/1088357608322998
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357608322998 [Google Scholar]
  76. Hymes, D
    (1972) On communicative competence. In J.B. Pride & J. Holmes (Eds.), Sociolinguistics . London: Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  77. Justice, L.M. , Bowles, R.P. , Pence Turnbull, K.L. , & Skibbe, L.E
    (2009) School readiness among children with varying histories of language difficulties. Developmental Psychology , 45, 460–476. doi: 10.1037/a0014324
    https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014324 [Google Scholar]
  78. Karmiloff-Smith, A
    (1979)  A Functional Approach to Language: A Study of Determiners and Reference . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  79. Ketelaars, M.P. , Cuperus, J.M. , van Daal, J. , Jansonius, K. , & Verhoeven, L
    (2010) Screening for pragmatic language impairment: The potential of the children’s communication checklist. Research in Developmental Disabilities , 30, 952–960. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.006
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.006 [Google Scholar]
  80. LaSalle, B
    (2003)  Finding Ben: A Mother’s Journey through the Maze of Asperger’s . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
    [Google Scholar]
  81. Leech, G.N
    (1983)  Principles of Pragmatics . Longman: London.
    [Google Scholar]
  82. Leonard, L.B. , Prutting, C.A. , Perozzi, J. , & Berkeley, R
    (1978) Non-standardized approaches to the assessment of language disorders. American Speech and Hearing Association , 20, 371–379.
    [Google Scholar]
  83. Lerner, M.D. , Hutchins, T.L. , & Prelock, P.A
    (2011) Brief report: Preliminary evaluation of the ToMI and its relationship to measures of social skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 41, 512–517. doi: 10.1007/s10803‑010‑1066‑z
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1066-z [Google Scholar]
  84. Levinson, S.C
    (1983)  Pragmatics . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  85. Levy, Y. , Tennebaum, A. , & Orney, A
    (2000) Spontaneous language in children with congenital neurological deficits. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research , 43, 351–365.
    [Google Scholar]
  86. Lord, C. , & Paul, R
    (1997) Language and communication in autism. In D.J. Cohen & F.R. ­Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (2ndEd.)New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
    [Google Scholar]
  87. Lund, N.J. , & Duchan, J.F
    (1983)  Assessing Children’s Language in Naturalistic Contexts . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  88. Mackie, L. , & Law, J
    (2010) Pragmatic language and the child with emotional/behavioural difficulties (EBD): A pilot study exploring the interaction between behaviour and communication difficulty. International Journal of Communication Disorders , 45, 397–410. doi: 10.3109/13682820903105137
    https://doi.org/10.3109/13682820903105137 [Google Scholar]
  89. McCardle, P. , Cooper, J. , & Freund, L
    (2005) Language and genetics: Ne Eds and opportunities. Applied Psycholinguistics , 26, 129–135. doi: 10.1017/S0142716405050101
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716405050101 [Google Scholar]
  90. McLeod, S
    (2004) Speech pathologists’ application of the ICF to children with speech impairment. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology , 6, 75–81. doi: 10.1080/14417040410001669516
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040410001669516 [Google Scholar]
  91. McLeod, S. , & Threats, T
    (2008) The ICF-CY and children with communication difficulties. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology , 10, 92–109. doi: 10.1080/17549500701834690
    https://doi.org/10.1080/17549500701834690 [Google Scholar]
  92. McShane, J
    (1980)  Learning to Talk . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  93. McTear, M.F. , & Conti-Ramsden, G
    (1992)  Pragmatic Disability in Children . London: Whurr.
    [Google Scholar]
  94. Miller, C.A
    (2001) False belief understanding in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Communication Disorders , 34, 73–86. doi: 10.1016/S0021‑9924(00)00042‑3
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(00)00042-3 [Google Scholar]
  95. Miller, C
    (2004) False belief and sentence complement performance in children with specific language impairment. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders , 39, 191–213. doi: 10.1080/13682820310001616994
    https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820310001616994 [Google Scholar]
  96. Miller, C.A
    (2006) Developmental relationships between language and theory of mind. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 15, 142–154. doi: 10.1044/1058‑0360(2006/014)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2006/014) [Google Scholar]
  97. Nelson, K
    (1981) Individual differences in language development: Implications for development and language. Developmental Psychology , 17, 170–187. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.17.2.170
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.17.2.170 [Google Scholar]
  98. (1985)  Making Sense: The Acquisition of Shared Meaning . New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  99. (1995) Language pathways into the community of minds. In J.W. Astington , & J. Baird (Eds.), Why Language Matters for Theory of Mind (pp. 26–49). Oxford: OUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  100. Ninio, A. , & Snow, C
    (1996)  Pragmatic Development . Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  101. Norris, J.A. , & Hoffman, P.R
    (1990) Language intervention with naturalistic environments. Language Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools , 21, 72–84.
    [Google Scholar]
  102. Ochs, E
    (1988)  Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  103. Owens, R.E.J
    (1995)  Language Disorders: A Functional Approach to Assessment and Intervention (2nd Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
    [Google Scholar]
  104. O’Neill, D.K
    (2005) Talking about “new” information: The given/new distinction and children’s developing theory of mind. In J.W. Astington & J. Baird (Eds.), Why Language Matters for Theory of Mind (pp. 84–105). Oxford: OUP. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0005
    https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195159912.003.0005 [Google Scholar]
  105. (2007) The Language Use Inventory for Young Children: A parent-report measure of pragmatic language development for 18–47-month-old children. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research , 50, 1–15. doi: 10.1044/1092‑4388(2007/017)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2007/017) [Google Scholar]
  106. (2009)  Language Use Inventory: Manual . Waterloo, ON: Knowledge in Development.
    [Google Scholar]
  107. (2012) Components of pragmatic ability and children’s pragmatic language development. In H.-J. Schmid (Ed.), Cognitive Pragmatics (pp. 261–290). Berlin: De Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110214215.261
    https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214215.261 [Google Scholar]
  108. O’Neill, D.K. , & Holmes, A
    (2002) Young preschoolers’ ability to reference story characters: The contribution of gesture and character speech. First Language , 22, 73–103.
    [Google Scholar]
  109. O’Neill, D.K. , Main, R.M. , & Ziemski, R
    (2009) “I like Barney”. Preschoolers’ spontaneous conversational initiations with peers. First Language , 29, 401–425. doi: 10.1177/0142723709105315
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723709105315 [Google Scholar]
  110. O’Neill, D.K. , Pearce, M.J. , & Pick, J.L
    (2004) Predictive relations between aspects of preschool children’s narratives and performance on the Peabody Individualized Achievement Test – Revised: Evidence of a relation between early narrative and later mathematical ability. First Language , 24, 149–183. doi: 10.1177/0142723704043529
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723704043529 [Google Scholar]
  111. O’Neill, D.K. , & Shultis, R
    (2007) The emergence of the ability to track a character’s mental perspective in narrative. Developmental Psychology , 43, 1032–1037. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.43.4.1032
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.4.1032 [Google Scholar]
  112. Oshima-Takane, Y
    (1988) Children learn from speech not addressed to them: The case of personal pronouns. Journal of Child Language , 15, 95–108. doi: 10.1017/S0305000900012071
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900012071 [Google Scholar]
  113. Paul, R. , & Norbury, C.F
    (2011) Language Disorders from Infancy through Adolescence: Listening, Reading, Writing and Communicating (4th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
    [Google Scholar]
  114. Perkins, M
    (2007)  Pragmatic Impairment . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511486555
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486555 [Google Scholar]
  115. Perkins, M.R
    (2009) Pragmatic impairment as an emergent phenomenon. In M.J. Ball , M.R. ­Perkins , N. Muller , & S. Howard (Eds.), The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics (pp. ­79–91). Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  116. Philofsky, A. , Fidler, D.J. , & Hepburn, S
    (2007) Pragmatic language profiles of school-age children with autism spectrum disorders and Williams syndrome. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 16, 368–380. doi: 10.1044/1058‑0360(2007/040)
    https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2007/040) [Google Scholar]
  117. Pianta, R.C. , Cox, M.J. , & Snow, K.L
    (Eds.) (2007)  School Readiness and the Transition to Kindergarten in the Era of Accountability . Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  118. Prizant, B.M. , & Wetherby, A.M
    (1990) Toward an integrated view of early language and communication development and socioemotional development. Topics in Language Disorders , 10, 1–16. doi: 10.1097/00011363‑199009000‑00003
    https://doi.org/10.1097/00011363-199009000-00003 [Google Scholar]
  119. Prutting, C.A
    (1982) Pragmatics as social competence. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 47, 123–134.
    [Google Scholar]
  120. (1985) The long battle for the light. National Student Speech, Language and Hearing Association Journal , 13, 5–9.
    [Google Scholar]
  121. Prutting, C.A. , & Kirchner, D.M
    (1987) A clinical appraisal of the pragmatic aspects of language. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 52, 105–119.
    [Google Scholar]
  122. Rall, J. , & Harris, P.L
    (2000) In Cinderella’s slippers? Story comprehension from the protagonist’s point of view. Developmental Psychology , 36, 202–208. doi: 10.1037/0012‑1649.36.2.202
    https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.202 [Google Scholar]
  123. Rapin, I. , & Allen, D.A
    (1983) Developmental language disorders: Nosological considerations. In U. Kirk (Ed.), Neuropsychology of Language, Reading and Spelling (pp. 155–184). New York, NY: Academic Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  124. (1998) The semantic-pragmatic deficit disorder: Classification issues. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 33, 82–87.
    [Google Scholar]
  125. Rice, M.L. , Warren, S.F. , & Betz, S.K
    (2005) Language symptoms of developmental language disorders: An overview of autism, Down syndrome, fragile X, specific language impairment, and Williams syndrome. Applied Psycholinguistics , 26, 7–27. doi: 10.1017/S0142716405050034
    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716405050034 [Google Scholar]
  126. Roberts, J.E. , Chapman, R.S. , Martin, G.E. , & Moskowitz, L
    (2008) Language of preschool and school-age children with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. In J.E. Roberts , R.S. Chapman , G.E. Martin , & L. Moskowitz (Eds.), Speech and Language Development and Intervention in Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome (pp. 77–115). Baltimore, MD: Paul H Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  127. Rossetti, L
    (1990)  The Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale: A Measure of Communication and Interaction . East Moline, IL: Linguisystems.
    [Google Scholar]
  128. Schiefelbusch, R.L. , & Pickar, J
    (1984)  The Acquisition of Communicative Competence . Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  129. Schieffelin, B. , & Ochs, E
    (Eds.) (1986)  Language Socialization across Cultures . Cambridge: CUP.
    [Google Scholar]
  130. Searle, J.R
    (1969)  Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language . Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139173438
    https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438 [Google Scholar]
  131. Skarakis-Doyle, E. , & Dempsey, L
    (2008) Assessing story comprehension in preschool children. Topics in Language Disorders , 28, 131–148. doi: 10.1097/01.TLD.0000318934.54548.7f
    https://doi.org/10.1097/01.TLD.0000318934.54548.7f [Google Scholar]
  132. Slobin, D.I
    (1985) Cross-linguistic evidence for the language-making capacity. In D.I. ­Slobin (Ed.), The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition , Vol.2, Theoretical Issues (pp. 1157–1256). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    [Google Scholar]
  133. Slobin, D.I. , Gerhardt, J. , Kyratzis, A. , & Guo, J
    (1996)  Social Interaction, Social Context, and Language: Essays in Honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    [Google Scholar]
  134. Smith, B.R. , & Leinonen, E
    (1992)  Clinical Pragmatics: Unravelling the Complexities of Communicative Failure . London: Chapman & Hall.
    [Google Scholar]
  135. Snow, C.E. , Burns, M.S. , & Griffin, P
    (1998)  Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children . Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  136. Sperber, D. , & Wilson, D
    (1986)  Relevance: Communication and Cognition . Oxford: Blackwell.
    [Google Scholar]
  137. Spinelli, F. , & Terrell, B
    (1984) Remediation in context. Topics in Language Disorders , 5(1), 29–40. doi: 10.1097/00011363‑198412000‑00007
    https://doi.org/10.1097/00011363-198412000-00007 [Google Scholar]
  138. Squires, J. , & Bricker, D
    (2009)  Ages & Stages Questionnaires (3rd Ed., ASQ-3). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  139. Tager-Flusberg, H
    (1999) A psychological approach to understanding the social and language impairments in autism. International Review of Psychiatry , 11, 325–334. doi: 10.1080/09540269974203
    https://doi.org/10.1080/09540269974203 [Google Scholar]
  140. Thagard, E.K. , Hilsmier, A.S. , & Easterbrooks, S.R
    (2011) Pragmatic language in deaf and hard of hearing students: Correlation with success in general education. American Annals of the Deaf , 155, 526–534. doi: 10.1353/aad.2011.0008
    https://doi.org/10.1353/aad.2011.0008 [Google Scholar]
  141. Thomas-Stonell, N. , Oddson, B. , Robertson, B. , & Rosenbaum, P
    (2010) Development of the FOCUS (Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six): A Communication Outcome Measure for Preschool Children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52, 47–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑8749.2009.03410.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03410.x [Google Scholar]
  142. Thompson, L
    (1996) The development of pragmatic competence: Past findings and future directions for research. In L. Thompson (Ed.), Children Talking: The Development of Pragmatic Competence (pp. 3–21). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
    [Google Scholar]
  143. Tomasello, M
    (1992) The social bases of language acquisition. Social Development , 1, 67–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1467‑9507.1992.tb00135.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00135.x [Google Scholar]
  144. (2003)  Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
    [Google Scholar]
  145. Tough, J
    (1977)  The Development of Meaning . New York, NY: Halstead.
    [Google Scholar]
  146. Vallotton, C. , & Ayoub, C
    (2011) Use your words: The role of language in the development of toddlers’ self-regulation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 26, 169–181. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.09.002
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.09.002 [Google Scholar]
  147. Van Agt, H. , Verhoeven, L. , van den Brink, G. , de Koning, H
    (2010) The impact on socio-­emotional development and quality of life of language impairment in 8-year-old children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology , 53, 81–88. doi: 10.1111/j.1469‑8749.2010.03794.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03794.x [Google Scholar]
  148. Verschueren, J
    (1999)  Understanding Pragmatics . London: Arnold.
    [Google Scholar]
  149. Washington, K.N
    (2007) Using the ICF within speech language pathology: Application to developmental language impairment. Advances in Speech-Language Pathology , 9, 242–255. doi: 10.1080/14417040701261525
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14417040701261525 [Google Scholar]
  150. (2010) Focus on practical application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in day-to-day clinical practice. The Canadian Association of Speech-language Pathologists and Audiologists Communiqué , 24, 4–8.
    [Google Scholar]
  151. Wetherby, A.M
    (1986) The ontogeny of communicative functions in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 16, 295–316. doi: 10.1007/BF01531661
    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01531661 [Google Scholar]
  152. (1991) Profiling pragmatic abilities in the emerging language in young children. In T.M. Gallagher (Ed.), Pragmatics of Language: Clinical Practice Issues (pp. 249–281). New York, NY: Chapman & Hall. doi: 10.1007/978‑1‑4899‑7156‑2_9
    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7156-2_9 [Google Scholar]
  153. Wetherby, A.M. , & Prizant, B.M
    (1993)  Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales: Normed edition . Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
    [Google Scholar]
  154. World Health Organization
    (2007)  International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Version for Children and Youth: ICF-CY . Geneva: World Health Organization.
    [Google Scholar]
  155. Wigglesworth, G
    (1990) Children’s narrative acquisition: A study of some aspects of reference and anaphora. First Language , 10, 105–25. doi: 10.1177/014272379001002902
    https://doi.org/10.1177/014272379001002902 [Google Scholar]
  156. Wiig, E. , & Semel, E
    (1976)  Language Disabilities in Children and Adolescents . Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill.
    [Google Scholar]
  157. Winner, M.G
    (2007)  Thinking about YOU Thinking about ME (2nd Ed.). San Jose, CA: Think Social Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
/content/books/9789027270443-tilar.10.20nei
dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9789027270443
Book
false
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error