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Clause chaining, switch reference and nominalisations in Aguaruna (Jivaroan)

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This paper describes reference tracking strategies in Aguaruna, a Jivaroan language of north Peru. I take a functional and holistic approach to the description, and argue that different types of dependent clauses, tail-head linkage, and some nominalised clauses all function as a unified system of reference tracking in discourse. What these formally disparate constructions have in common is the marking of reference tracking information on verbs rather than on the referring NPs themselves. The analysis raises the question of what factors motivate the selection of a given clause-chaining construction in a given context, and I suggest some answers on the basis of discourse structuring principles. Keywords: Amazonian; nominalisation; clause-chaining; subordination

  • Affiliations: 1: James Cook University

References

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    1988 The discourse function of clause-chaining. InClause Combining in Grammar and Discourse[Typological Studies in Language 18], John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds), 361–398. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.18.14myh
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  26. In preparation a. Frustrative in Amazonian Languages.
  27. In preparation b. Expression of Knowledge in Aguaruna Grammar.
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    2010 The Bora connector pronoun and tail-head linkage: A study in language-specific grammaticalization. Linguistics48(4): 893–918. doi: 10.1515/ling.2010.028
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2010.028 [Google Scholar]
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    1993 Switch-Reference and Discourse Representation. Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511597886
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597886 [Google Scholar]
  33. Thompson, Sandra A ., Longacre, Robert E . & Hwang, Shin Ja J .
    2007 Adverbial clauses. InLanguage Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol II: Complex Constructions, 2nd edn, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 237–300. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Van Valin, Jr., Robert D . & LaPolla, Randy .
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    2001 Tempus: Besprochene und Erzählte Welt, 6th edn. Munich: C.H. Beck.
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    2010 Typological Variation in Grammatical Relations. PhD dissertation, Leipzig.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Comrie, Bernard & Thompson, Sandra A .
    1985 Lexical nominalization. InLanguage Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. III: Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon, Timothy Shopen (ed.)349–398. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Cristofaro, Sonia .
    2003 Subordination. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Dixon, Robert M.W .
    2009 The semantics of clause linking in typological perspective. InThe Semantics of Clause Linking, Robert M.W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds), 1–55. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Dixon, Robert M.W . & Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y .
    1999 Introduction. InThe Amazonian Languages, R.M.W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds), 1–21. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Epps, Patience .
    2009 Escape from the noun phrase: From relative clause to converb and beyond in an Amazonian language. Diachronica26(3): 287–318. doi: 10.1075/dia.26.3.01epp
     https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.26.3.01epp [Google Scholar]
  6. Fleck, David W .
    2003 A Grammar of Matses. PhD dissertation, Rice University.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Genetti, Carol .
    2005 The participial construction of Dolakhā Newar. Studies in Language29(1): 35–87. doi: 10.1075/sl.29.1.03gen
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.29.1.03gen [Google Scholar]
  8. Givón, Talmy .
    2001 Syntax: An Introduction, 2 Vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Gordon, Lynn .
    1983 Switch reference, clause order, and interclausal relationships in Maricopa. InSwitch-Reference and Universal Grammar[Typological Studies in Language 2], John Haiman & Pamela Munro (eds), 83–104. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.2.07gor
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.2.07gor [Google Scholar]
  10. Guillaume, Antoine .
    2011 Subordinate clauses, switch-reference, and tail-head linkage in Cavineña narratives. InSubordination in Native South-American Languages[Typological Studies in Language 47], Rik van Gijn , Katharina Haude & Pieter Muysken (eds), 109–128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.97.05gui
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.97.05gui [Google Scholar]
  11. Haiman, John .
    1983 On some origins of switch-reference marking. InSwitch-Reference and Universal Grammar[Typological Studies in Language 2], John Haiman & Pamela Munro (eds), 105–128. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/tsl.2
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.2 [Google Scholar]
  12. Haspelmath, Martin .
    1995 The converb as a cross-linguistically valid category. InConverbs in Cross-Linguistic Perspective, Martin Haspelmath & Ekkehard König (eds.), 1–55. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Hopper, Paul .
    1979 Aspect and foregrounding in discourse. InSyntax and Semantics, Vol. 12: Discourse and Syntax, Talmy Givón (ed.), 213–241. New York NY: Academic Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática)
    2009 Resumen Ejecutivo: Resultados definitivos de las comunidades indígenas. www1.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/EstLib0789/Libro.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Jendraschek, Gerd .
    2009 Switch-reference constructions in Iatmul: Forms, functions and development. Lingua119: 1316–1339. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2009.02.005
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.02.005 [Google Scholar]
  16. Labov, William & Waletzky, Joshua .
    1967 Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. InEssays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, June Helm (ed.), 12–42. Seattle WA: University of Washington Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Larson, Mildred L .
    1978 The Functions of Reported Speech in Discourse. Austin TX: SIL International.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Lehmann, Christian .
    1988 Towards a typology of clause linkage. In Clause Combining in Grammar and Discourse, John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds), 181–225. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.18.09leh
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.18.09leh [Google Scholar]
  19. Longacre, Robert E .
    1985 Sentences as combinations of clauses. InLanguage Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. II: Complex Constructions, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 235–286. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Myhill, John & Hibiya, Junko .
    1988 The discourse function of clause-chaining. InClause Combining in Grammar and Discourse[Typological Studies in Language 18], John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds), 361–398. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.18.14myh
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.18.14myh [Google Scholar]
  21. Noonan, Michael .
    1997 Versatile nominalizations. InEssays on Language Function and Language Type. Dedicated to T. Givón, Joan Bybee , John Haiman & Sandra A. Thompson (eds), 373–394. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/z.82.21noo
     https://doi.org/10.1075/z.82.21noo [Google Scholar]
  22. Oswalt, Robert L .
    1983 Interclausal reference in Kashaya. InSwitch-Reference and Universal Grammar[Typological Studies in Language 2], John Haiman & Pamela Munro (eds), 267–290. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.10.1075/tsl.2.15osw
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.2.15osw [Google Scholar]
  23. Overall, Simon E .
    2007 A Grammar of Aguaruna. PhD dissertation, RCLT, La Trobe University.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 2008 On the non-phonemic status of the velar nasal [ŋ] in Jivaroan. LIAMES8: 45–59.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. 2009 The semantics of clause linking in Aguaruna. InThe Semantics of Clause Linking, Robert M.W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds), 167–192. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. In preparation a. Frustrative in Amazonian Languages.
  27. In preparation b. Expression of Knowledge in Aguaruna Grammar.
  28. Payne, Doris L .
    1992 Narrative discontinuity versus continuity in Yagua. Discourse Processes15: 375–394. doi: 10.1080/01638539209544818
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539209544818 [Google Scholar]
  29. 2001 Review of The Amazonian Languages, R.M.W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds) 1999. Language77(3): 594–598.10.1353/lan.2001.0184
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2001.0184 [Google Scholar]
  30. Reesink, Ger P .
    1983 Switch-reference and topicality hierarchies. Studies in Language7(2): 215–246. doi: 10.1075/sl.7.2.03ree
     https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.7.2.03ree [Google Scholar]
  31. Seifart, Frank .
    2010 The Bora connector pronoun and tail-head linkage: A study in language-specific grammaticalization. Linguistics48(4): 893–918. doi: 10.1515/ling.2010.028
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ling.2010.028 [Google Scholar]
  32. Stirling, Lesley .
    1993 Switch-Reference and Discourse Representation. Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511597886
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597886 [Google Scholar]
  33. Thompson, Sandra A ., Longacre, Robert E . & Hwang, Shin Ja J .
    2007 Adverbial clauses. InLanguage Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol II: Complex Constructions, 2nd edn, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 237–300. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Van Valin, Jr., Robert D . & LaPolla, Randy .
    1997 Syntax: Structure, Meaning and Function. Cambridge: CUP. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139166799
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166799 [Google Scholar]
  35. Weinrich, Harald .
    2001 Tempus: Besprochene und Erzählte Welt, 6th edn. Munich: C.H. Beck.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena .
    2010 Typological Variation in Grammatical Relations. PhD dissertation, Leipzig.
     [Google Scholar]

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