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101 - 120 of 124 results
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- Theoretical linguistics [47] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-theor
- Syntax [44] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-syntax
- Pragmatics [29] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-prag
- Historical linguistics [27] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-hl
- Germanic linguistics [25] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-germ
- Discourse studies [19] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-disc
- Sociolinguistics and Dialectology [18] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-socio
- Semantics [15] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-seman
- English linguistics [13] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-eng
- Generative linguistics [13] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-gener
- Morphology [10] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-morph
- Romance linguistics [10] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-rom
- History of linguistics [8] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-hol
- Communication Studies [7] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/comm-cgen
- Cognition and language [7] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cogn
- Language acquisition [7] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-la
- Functional linguistics [6] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-funct
- Gesture Studies [5] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-gest
- Afro-Asiatic languages [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-afas
- Contact Linguistics [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cont
- Creole studies [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-creo
- Typology [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-typ
- Bilingualism [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-bil
- Japanese linguistics [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-japanese
- Other African languages [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-othaf
- Phonology [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-phon
- Psycholinguistics [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-psylin
- Signed languages [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-sign
- Uralic languages [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-ural
- Cognitive psychology [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/psy-cogpsy
- Anthropological Linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-anthr
- Austronesian languages [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-ausnes
- Basque linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-basque
- Bibliographies in linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-biblio
- Cognitive linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cogpsy
- Corpus linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-corp
- Evolution of language [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-evo
- Medieval linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-med
- Other Indo-European languages [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-othie
- German literature & literary studies [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-germli
- Romance literature & literary studies [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-rom
- Theoretical literature & literary studies [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-theor
- Philosophy [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-gen
- Translation studies [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/tran-transl
- General studies in art & art history [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/art-gen
- Interaction Studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/is-gis
- Artificial Intelligence [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-ai
- Applied linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-appl
- Caucasian languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cauc
- Celtic languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-celt
- Classical linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-class
- Comparative linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-comp
- Language teaching [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-educ
- Phonetics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-phot
- Sino-Tibetan languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-sitib
- Slavic linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-slav
- Languages of South America [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-soam
- Medieval literature & literary studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-med
- Industrial & organizational studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/misc-indroc
- Classical philosophy [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-class
- Medieval philosophy [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-med
- Semiotics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-sem
- Sociology [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/soc-gen
- Lexicography [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/term-lex
- Interpreting [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/tran-interp
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Grammaticalization
Author(s): Jurgen KlausenburgerPublication Date March 2000More LessIn this monograph, various aspects of the morphosyntactic evolution of the Romance languages are shown to interact in a theory of grammaticalization. The study argues for the incorporation and subordination of inflectional morphology within a grammaticalization continuum, constituting but a portion of the latter. Parameters of natural morphology are seen as principles of grammaticalization, but the reverse is also true, rendering grammaticalization and natural morphology indistinguishable. In the context of this theoretical framework, Chapter 2 deals with Latin, French, and Italian verbal inflection, focusing on universal and system-dependent parameters of natural morphology. In Chapter 3, a theory of grammaticalization is built on divergent elements, including not only grammaticalization studies proper, but also the perception/production line of inquiry, and typology and branching issues, permitting the phasing out of the traditional synthesis/analyis cycle. Chapter 4 touches on nominal inflection, in particular that of Old French and Rumanian, the most revealing histories in the Romance domain. Chapter 5, finally, thoroughly discusses extant theoretical questions in grammaticalization, prominently featuring the relevance of ‘invisible hand’ explanations and the crucial role played by unidirectionality. This study will be of interest to specialists in Romance and historical linguistics, as well as morphological theory.
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Grammaticalization and First Language Acquisition
Editor(s): Dominique Bassano-Bonhommo and Maya HickmannPublication Date May 2013More LessGrammaticalization and lexicalization are at the heart of first language acquisition. Understanding how these processes begin and evolve is a major challenge for current theories and has implications for applications in teaching or clinical contexts. This volume examines the relative weight of cognitive and linguistic determinants of acquisition with particular attention to two questions. The first one concerns the origins of grammar and the processes underlying its development. Is grammatical knowledge innate or constructed by the child? Is it modular or does it interact with other capacities? How can we account for continuity and discontinuity in development? What is the role of input? Second, considerable variation is observed in lexical and grammatical development across child languages. Is the process of acquisition similar in all children or do language-specific factors impact its rhythm and course? Do typological factors determine children’s reliance on lexical or grammatical means of expression in some domains? Originally published in Language, Interaction and Acquisition - Langage, Interaction et Acquisition 2:1 (2011).
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Grammaticalization and Language Change
Editor(s): Kristin Davidse, Tine Breban, Lieselotte Brems and Tanja MortelmansPublication Date October 2012More LessThis collective volume focuses on the latest developments in the study of grammaticalization and related processes of change such as degrammaticalization, constructionalization, lexicalization, and petrification. It addresses topical issues relating to the motivations, sources, defining features, and outcomes of these changes. New theoretical reflections are offered on the pragmatic motivation of grammaticalization paths, process-oriented differences between grammaticalization, lexicalization and degrammaticalization, the question of gradualness and pace of grammaticalization, and deictics as a distinct source of grammaticalization. The articles describe various constructional and distributional changes affecting deictics, determiners, reflexives, clitics, nouns, affixes, adverbs and (auxiliary) verbs, mainly in the Germanic and Romance languages. The volume will be of great interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization and related changes, and to all linguists working on the interface between morphosyntax, semantics, pragmatics and discourse.
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Grammaticalization as Economy
Author(s): Elly van GelderenPublication Date August 2004More LessThis book provides much detail on the changes involving the grammaticalization of personal and relative pronouns, topicalized nominals, complementizers, adverbs, prepositions, modals, perception verbs, and aspectual markers. It accounts for these changes in terms of two structural economy principles. Head Preference expresses that single words, i.e. heads, are used to build structures rather than full phrases, and Late Merge states that waiting as late as possible to merge, i.e. be added to the structure, is preferred over movement. The book also discusses grammar-external processes (e.g. prescriptivist rules) that inhibit change, and innovations that replenish the grammaticalized element. Most of the changes involve the (extended) CP and IP: as elements grammaticalize clause boundaries disappear. Cross-linguistic differences exist as to whether the CP, IP, and VP are all present and split and this is formulated as the Layer Principle. Changes involving the CP are typically brought about by Head Preference, whereas those involving the IP and VP by Late Merge.
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Grammaticalization meets Construction Grammar
Editor(s): Evie Coussé, Peter Andersson and Joel OlofssonPublication Date May 2018More LessGrammaticalization research has increasingly highlighted the notion of constructions in the last decade. In the wake of this heightened interest, efforts have been made in grammaticalization research to more precisely articulate the largely pretheoretical notion of construction in the theoretical framework of construction grammar. As such, grammaticalization research increasingly interacts and converges with the emerging field of diachronic construction grammar. This volume brings together articles that are situated at the intersection of grammaticalization research and diachronic construction grammar. All articles share an interest in integrating insights from grammaticalization research and construction grammar in order to advance our understanding of empirical cases of grammaticalization. Constructions at various levels of abstractness are investigated, both in well-documented languages, such as Ancient Greek, Latin, Spanish, German, Norwegian and English, and in less-described languages, such as Manchu and Mongolian.
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Grammaticalization of the Complex Sentence
Author(s): Zygmunt FrajzyngierPublication Date April 1996More LessThe general objective of the study is systematic examination of the processes involved in the formation and evolution of complex sentence constructions in a group of genetically related languages. The Chadic language group, at about 140 languages, constitutes the largest and most diversified branch of the Afroasiatic family. One of the findings of the present work is that languages starting from the same base may develop quite different morphological and syntactic structures. With respect to issues of general linguistic interest, the book deals with motivations for grammaticalization: It is proposed that one of the most important motivations is satisfaction of the principle of well formedness, that is, that every element in an utterance must have its role transparent to the hearer either by inherent lexical properties or by grammatical means. In the present work both aspects of grammaticalization, viz. the emergence of grammatical constructions and the emergence of grammatical morphemes, are given equal weight. In addition to semantic metaphor and metonymy as mechanisms in the processes of grammaticalization, the present work develops the notion of semiotic metonymy, whereby a part of a sign performs the function of the sign. It is shown that semiotic metonymy plays an important role in the grammaticalization of grammatical morphemes and constructions into other morphemes and constructions. The book also shows that unindirectionality is not a governing principle with respect to the development of grammatical morphemes into other grammatical morphemes; rather, there is considerable evidence and theoretical justification for the bidirectionality principle.
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Grammaticalization – Theory and Data
Editor(s): Sylvie Hancil and Ekkehard KönigPublication Date September 2014More LessSince the 1980s theories and studies of grammaticalization have provided a major source of inspiration for the description and explanation of language change, giving rise to many publications and conferences. This collection presents original, empirical studies that explore various facets of grammaticalization research of both formal and functional orientation. The papers of this selection deal with general issues and specific empirical domains, such as personal pronouns; indefinite pronouns; final particles; tense and aspect markers; comitative markers and coordinating conjunctions. The languages covered include English, German, dialects of Italian, Japanese, Polish, and Walman (Papuan). The book will be of great interest to linguists working on language change in a wide variety of languages.
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Grammaticization, Synchronic Variation, and Language Contact
Author(s): Rena Torres CacoullosPublication Date August 2000More LessThis study of Old Spanish and present-day Mexico and New Mexico data develops a grammaticization account of variation in progressive constructions. Diachronic changes in cooccurrence patterns show that grammaticization involves reductive change driven by frequency increases. Formal reduction results in the emergence of auxilliary-plus-gerund sequences as fused units. Semantically, the constructions originate as spatial expressions; their grammaticization involves gradual loss of locative features of meaning. Semantic generalization among parallel evolutionary paths results in the competition among different constructions in the domain of progressive aspect. Patterns of synchronic variation follow from both the retention of meaning differences and the routinization of frequent collocations, as well as sociolinguistic factors. Register considerations turn out to be crucial in evaluating the effects of language contact. Purported changes in Spanish — English bilingual varieties are largely a feature of oral, informal language rather than a manifestation of convergence.
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Granularity in the Verbalization of Events and Objects
Author(s): Katerina StathiPublication Date August 2023More LessThe study departs from the observation that in expressing ideas, some languages encode more details than others. It investigates whether languages encode events and/or objects at a coarse-grained (e.g., put, glass) as opposed to a fine-grained (e.g., lay, wine glass) level systematically. The level of detail is termed granularity, which is viewed as a cline from fine-grained (semantic specificity) to coarse-grained meaning (semantic generality). Four languages are investigated: German, English, Greek, and Turkish. The study draws on elicited data from a naming task. The verbalization of events is based on event and object descriptions in selected semantic domains. The results reveal significant granularity effects between languages and language types (satellite-framed vs. verb-framed). The study is relevant for scholars interested in linguistic typology, lexical and semantic typology, contrastive linguistics, event representation, psycholinguistics, and cognitive semantics.
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The Great American Scaffold
Author(s): Frank AustermühlPublication Date February 2014More LessBased on extensive quantitative and qualitative analyses of a corpus of American presidential speeches that includes all inaugural addresses and State of the Union messages from 1789 to 2008, as well as major foreign and security policy speeches after 1945, this research monograph analyzes the various forms and functions of intertextual references found in the discourse of American presidents. Working within an original, interdisciplinary theoretical framework established by theories of intertextuality, discourse analysis, and presidential studies, the book discusses five different types of presidential intertextuality, all of which contribute jointly to creating a set of carefully manipulated and politically powerful images of both the American nation and the American presidency. The book is intended for scholars and students in political and presidential studies, communications, American cultural studies, and linguistics, as well as anyone interested in the American presidency in general.
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Greece in Crisis
Editor(s): Ourania Hatzidaki and Dionysis GoutsosPublication Date July 2017More LessSince its onset, the Greek crisis has given rise to an abundance of relevant text and talk. This volume offers an insider’s view of the discursive manifestations of the crisis, focusing on discourses in the Greek language and by Greek social actors. The contributions investigate the diverse ways in which the crisis has been communicated to the public by domestic policymakers or debated by elite, non-elite and resistant participants. Crisis discourses are also examined in the light of the rise of neo-nationalism and the extreme Right in both Greece and Cyprus. All contributions seek to meaningfully combine critical discourse and corpus linguistics perspectives for a better understanding of the Greek crisis as a socio-economic episode and as a discourse construct. Discourse-driven quantification and corpus-driven quantification complement each other in the critical examination of textual data as diverse as official government communications, party leader speeches, newspaper articles, public assembly resolutions, song lyrics, social media commentary and terrorist proclamations.
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Greek and Indo-European Etymology in Action
Author(s): Raimo AnttilaPublication Date August 2000More LessThis study resurrects the genre of Wortstudien contributions or lexilogus treatments, the core of historical lexical semantics. Such studies used to be quite popular, and interest in lexical matters is again rising. The word family around the Indo-European root *aǵ- ‘drive’ is placed against its Germanic replacement drive as a typological parallel. Many long-standing problems can now be solved, and new hypotheses emerge. Starting with the still important sports and games aspect of social life, new morphology is resurrected (agṓn ‘games’ as an original plural; §2), and a strongly social meaning for ‘good’ (agathós; §3). Aganós finds its solution that combines the ‘mild’ and plant readings in a natural way (§4). Hunting-and-gathering considerations establish new possibilities or certainties for some ‘wealth’ words (§6), and all around religion is involved (§7). Comparable Baltic Finnic evidence is drawn in (§8), and such evidence is used to discuss cases on both sides. This way explanations for the Indo-European material are strengthened, or even made possible in the first place, and scores of Baltic Finnic words find attractive (driving) loan hypotheses as their etymologies.
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Die Grenzen der Sprache
Editor(s): Christoph Asmuth, Friedrich Glauner and Burkhard MojsischPublication Date December 1998More LessDer vorliegende Sammelband widmet sich einem Thema der Sprachphilosophie: den Grenzen der Sprache. Die Begrenztheit des Sprechens, das Versagen der Sprache und das Schweigen sind Bereiche, denen das Interesse dieses Buches gilt. Groß e Bedeutung gewinnt deshalb die Frage, in welchem Sinne und ob überhaupt von einem Jenseits der Sprache gesprochen werden kann. Dabei steht das Verhältnis von Immanenz und Transzendenz im Mittelpunkt. Das Unnennbare, Unaussagbare, das Unheimliche, das hinter dem Rücken des Sprechenden lauert, ist der Sprache selbst transzendent. Trotzdem gelingt es, das Transzendente sprachlich einzuholen. Es ist der Sprache immanent: ein immanentes Transzendentes. Darin scheint sich eine Potenz der Sprache anzudeuten, selbst darüber zu sprechen, worüber man nicht sprechen und gleichwohl nicht schweigen kann.
Kaum ein Thema der Sprachphilosophie eignet sich daher mehr für einen interdisziplinären Band als gerade dieses. Es ist nicht nur Gegenstand der Philosophie, sondern verweist auf und korrespondiert mit wichtigen Forschungsrichtungen aus der Wissenschaftstheorie, der Theologie, der Sprachwissenschaften, der Germanistik, der Ästhetik, der Musikwissenschaften, der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, der Soziologie und Ethnologie und schließlich auch der Medizin. Der vorliegende Sammelband versucht, den unterschiedlichen Aspekten dieses Themas sowohl in historischer als auch in systematischer Hinsicht gerecht zu werden.
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The Grimm Brothers and the Germanic Past
Editor(s): Elmer H. Antonsen, James W. Marchand and Ladislav ZgustaPublication Date January 1990More LessThe pioneering work of Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm in the areas of Germanic comparative and historical linguistics, lexicography, philology, and medieval studies places them squarely among the most important figures in the history of the language sciences. The contributions to this volume present a fascinating and timely reevaluation and reaffirmation of the significance of the Grimm Brothers' work in these areas, all of which the Grimms viewed as necessary components in their search for the essence of the German and Germanic Volksgeist.
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Grimm Language
Author(s): Orrin W. RobinsonPublication Date April 2010More LessGrimm Language addresses a number of issues in the Grimms’ fairy tales from a (Germanic) linguist’s point of view. In sections dealing with the Grimms’ use of regional dialect material, various grammatical constructions, and specific nouns and adjectives in their Children’s and Household Tales, the author argues that the Grimms were consciously or unconsciously following a number of objectives. These included reinforcing the overall Germanic impression of the tales (though we now know that many of them had French inspiration), striking the right balance between archaic and colloquial language to arrive at an ideal narrative style for what was arguably a new genre, and promoting or at least reflecting stereotypes concerning the proper roles for boys and girls. The book will be of interest not only to those interested in fairy tales, and the Grimms’ in particular, but also more generally to those interested in the intersection between linguistics and literary scholarship.
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Grounding in English and Arabic News Discourse
Author(s): Esam N. KhalilPublication Date December 2000More LessGrounding in English and Arabic News Discourse explores the discourse notion of grounding (viz. the foreground-background structure), and examines it in the various structures that occur in short news texts. A text-level approach to grounding and the differentiation between several core concepts relating to the various textual and non-textual structures, distinguish the book from other approaches in the field.
A corpus-based analysis focuses on sentence-initial expressions and examines the grounding-signalling function of several markers in both English and Arabic. The analysis captures constraints on the occurrence of particular markers, and the extensive illustrative examples explain the strategies that writers employ to cope with problems of recasting grounding-values in news texts. The author also shows how the failure to signal appropriate grounding-values is likewise associated with the failure to deliver the appropriate type of text.
Grounding is a relatively unexplored area of investigation in Arabic (text)linguistics, and the study identifies a series of previously unrecognized language features, highlighting the discourse pragmatic function that syntax serves.
The book will be invaluable to researchers and students of discourse, pragmatics, contrastive rhetoric, and communication. It will also be of interest to all those involved in translation and intercultural studies.
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Growing Old with Two Languages
Editor(s): Ellen Bialystok and Margot D. SullivanPublication Date August 2017More LessThis collection brings together two areas of research that are currently receiving great attention in both scientific and public spheres: cognitive aging and bilingualism. With ongoing media focus on the aging population and the need for activities to forestall cognitive decline, experiences that appear effective in maintaining functioning are of great interest. One such experience is lifelong bilingualism. Moreover, research into the cognitive effects of bilingualism has increased dramatically in the past decade, making it an exciting area of study. This volume combines these issues and presents the most recent research and thinking into the effects of bilingualism on cognitive decline in aging. The contributors are all leading scholars in their field. The result is a state-of-the art collection on the effect of bilingualism on cognition in older populations for both healthy aging and aging with dementia. The papers will be of interest to researchers, students, and health professionals.
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Growing Sideways in Twenty-first Century British Culture
Author(s): Anne MalewskiPublication Date December 2021More LessThis volume examines changing boundaries between childhood and adulthood in British society and culture at the beginning of the twenty-first century − where these age boundaries are widely debated, policed, and contested − to investigate alternatives to conventional ideas of growing up. Building on observations, especially in children’s literature criticism, that human growth is shaped by a grand narrative that privileges adulthood, and on terminologies of non-normative growth, particularly in queer theory, this monograph develops growing sideways as a concept that queers this grand narrative by destabilising childhood and adulthood, and the boundaries between them. The concept is refined through close readings of twenty-first century British children’s literature, television series, film, and participatory events, troubling age boundaries via specific strategies in three conceptual areas: appearance, play, and space. Exploring power structures around age and gender, this monograph traces growing sideways as a distinct and important alternative discourse of human growth.
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Growing up on the Trobriand Islands in Papua New Guinea
Author(s): Barbara Senft and Gunter SenftPublication Date May 2018More LessThis volume deals with the children’s socialization on the Trobriands. After a survey of ethnographic studies on childhood, the book zooms in on indigenous ideas of conception and birth-giving, the children’s early development, their integration into playgroups, their games and their education within their `own little community’ until they reach the age of seven years. During this time children enjoy much autonomy and independence. Attempts of parental education are confined to a minimum. However, parents use subtle means to raise their children. Educational ideologies are manifest in narratives and in speeches addressed to children. They provide guidelines for their integration into the Trobrianders’ “balanced society” which is characterized by cooperation and competition. It does not allow individual accumulation of wealth – surplus property gained has to be redistributed – but it values the fame acquired by individuals in competitive rituals. Fame is not regarded as threatening the balance of their society.
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The Growth and Maintenance of Linguistic Complexity
Author(s): Östen DahlPublication Date August 2004More LessThis book studies linguistic complexity and the processes by which it arises and is maintained, focusing not so much on what one can say in a language as how it is said. Complexity is not seen as synonymous with “difficulty” but as an objective property of a system – a measure of the amount of information needed to describe or reconstruct it. Grammatical complexity is the result of historical processes often subsumed under the rubric of grammaticalization and involves what can be called mature linguistic phenomena, that is, features that take time to develop. The nature and characteristics of such processes are discussed in detail, as well as the external and internal factors that favor or disfavor stability and change in language.
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