Subject collection: Philosophy (254 titles, 1969–2015)
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1 - 20 of 254 results
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'Germinal' and Zola's Philosophical and Religious Thought
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'Quaestiones Alberti de Modis significandi'
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This book provides a critical edition, translation and commentary of the British Museum Incunabulum C.21.C.52 and the Cambridge Incunabulum 5.J.3.7. of the Quaestiones Alberti. Although the British Museum catalogue ascribes the incunabulum to Albertus Magnus, the authorship is debated.The format of the twenty-one questions of this text follows the standard pattern of the time: after stating the question, the author cites as argumenta opinions with which he does not agree, gives his own answer, and then refutes the argumenta.
For the author of these questions, three issues are paramount: the scientific status of grammar, the problem of universals, and the 'structure of the device' through which language was generated.
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'Studies in Logic' by Members of the Johns Hopkins University (1883)
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- This volume contains a facsimile reprint of the 1883 Boston edition of Studies in Logic by Members of the Johns Hopkins University, edited by Charles S. Peirce. In relation to this work there are three mutually related aspects of Peirce’s thought which deserve to be particularly emphasized: the community structure of science as propagated and practiced by Peirce; his consideration of the fundamental relationship between logic and semiotics; and his emphatic plea for a historisation of science and, hence, of semiotics. Peirce’s Studies in Logic is preceded in this volume by a portrait of Peirce as scientist, mathematician, historian, logician and philosopher by Max. H. Fisch, and a history of semiotics and Charles S. Peirce by Achim Eschbach.
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A History of Language Philosophies
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- Theory and history combine in this book to form a coherent narrative of the debates on language and languages in the Western world, from ancient classic philosophy to the present, with a final glance at on-going discussions on language as a cognitive tool, on its bodily roots and philogenetic role.<br />An introductory chapter reviews the epistemological areas that converge into, or contribute to, language philosophy, and discusses their methods, relations, and goals. In this context, the status of language philosophy is discussed in its relation to the sciences and the arts of language. Each chapter is followed by a list of suggested readings that refer the reader to the final bibliography.<br /><i>About the author</i>: Lia Formigari, Professor Emeritus at University of Rome, La Sapienza. Her publications include: <i>Language and Experience in XVIIth-century British Philosophy</i>. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins, 1988; <i>Signs, Science and Politics. Philosophies of Language in Europe 1700–1830</i>. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: J. Benjamins, 1993; <i>La sémiotique empiriste face au kantisme</i>. Liège: Mardaga, 1994.
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Abhandlung über die bedeutsamen Verhaltensweisen der Sprache. [Tractatus de Modis significandi.]
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- Der lange dem Duns Scotus zugeschriebene Traktat des Thomas von Erfurt wird hier erstmals in einer deutschen Übersetzung vorgestellt. Er gilt als der abschließende Höhepunkt der spekulativen Grammatik, einer der gewichtigsten Ausformungen der spätmittelalterlichen Sprachtheorie. Von Bedeutung dürfte dieser Text aber nicht nur für Mediävisten sein. Daî der Traktat auch in neueren sprachtheoretischen Ansätzen eine zentrale Rolle spielt, zeigt seine Wiederentdeckung durch Charles S. Peirce, Martin Heidegger oder den Strukturalisten Roman Jakobson. Übersetzung und Einleitung verstehen sich deshalb nicht nur als eine Verständnishilfe für den Traktat, sondern auch als ein Hinweis auf seinen historischen wie systematischen Grundlagencharakter.<br />Grundlagencharakter hat hier vor allem Thomas’ Theorie von einer grammatischen Bedeutsamkeit der Sprache. Danach finden sich in allen Sprachen dieselben grammatischen Formen und Funktionen und können insofern universal als die bedeutsamen Verhaltensweisen »der« Sprache (<i>modi significandi</i>) beschrieben werden. Freilich ist dies die Sicht eines mittelalterlichen Universalismus, der einem heutigen Sprachverständnis kaum mehr Stand hält. Von daher liegt die wirkliche Herausforderung des Traktats, die nicht nur bei den Zeitgenossen für heftige Abwehrreaktionen sorgte, sondern die auch heute nichts von ihrer Provokanz eingebüßt hat, in seiner Einsicht, daß die grammatischen Formen eine prinzipiell andere Bedeutungsstruktur besitzen als das lexikalische Inventar einer Sprache. Mit der Herausarbeitung einer solchen grammatischen Signifikationsstruktur bietet der Traktat einen äußerst lehrreichen Einblick in die Genese dessen, was mittlerweile unter dem Schlagwort der »Semantik von Formen« eine facttenreiche Wirkung entfaltet hat.
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Adolf Glassbrenner
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- Adolf Glassbrenner (1810–1876) was a German humorist and satirist. The aim of this study is to show that Glassbrenner’s writings were rooted within the abstract idealism of the Young Germans. Special focus lies on the period between 1840 and 1849, Glassbrenner’s most active writing period, and representing most closely the elements of Humor and Tendenz. This study is of interest to everyone who wants to know more about the ideas behind the writings of Adolf Glassbrenner, but also to those who want to make a first acquaintance with this famous German writer.
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Aegidius Aurelianensis
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- Obwohl nach der Verurteilung von 1277 der Lateinische Averroismus als eigenständige Schule verschwand, entstanden dennoch in den Jahren zwischen 1280 und 1300 in Paris neue Aristoteles-Kommentare, die ein lebhaftes Interesse für heterodoxe aristotelische Lehren bezeugen. Heute kennen wir mehr als zehn handschriftlich überlieferte Texte, die von diesem Geist geprägt sind. Nur zwei Autoren sind bisher namentlich bekannt: Ferrandus Hispanus und Aegidius von Orleans; keine einzige der genannten Schriften wurde bisher ediert. Die <i>Quaestiones super De generatione et corruptione</i> des Aegidius von Orleans sind somit der erste der averroistischen Kommentare des späten 13. Jahrhunderts, der in einer textkritischen Edition erscheint. Die Quaestionen enthalten eine eingehende Analyse der Frage nach der ersten Materie (<i>prima materia</i>). Daneben beschäftigen sie sich mit klassischen Problemen, die den Kern der Kontroverse um den Averroismus bildeten: die Lehre von der Ewigkeit der Welt (<i>aeternitas mundi</i>) und damit verbunden die Frage nach der Möglichkeit einer Schöpfung (<i>creatio ex nihilo, creatio in tempore</i>). Neben diesen traditionell averroistischen Problemen werden bei Aegidius auch Fragen erörtert, die mit der Lehre von den Sakramenten zusammenhängen und, gerade kurz nach 1277, ein besonders heikles Thema waren.
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Alignment in Communication
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- <i>Alignment in Communication</i> is a novel direction in communication research, which focuses on interactive adaptation processes assumed to be more or less automatic in humans. It offers an alternative to established theories of human communication and also has important implications for human-machine interaction. A collection of articles by international researchers in linguistics, psychology, artificial intelligence, and social robotics, this book provides evidence on why such alignment occurs and the role it plays in communication. Complemented by a discussion of methodologies and explanatory frameworks from dialogue theory, it presents cornerstones of an emerging new theory of communication. The ultimate purpose is to extend our knowledge about human communication, as well as creating a foundation for natural multimodal dialogue in human-machine interaction. Its cross-disciplinary nature makes the book a useful reference for cognitive scientists, linguists, psychologists, and language philosophers, as well as engineers developing conversational agents and social robots.
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Am Anfang war die Logik
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Analogy as Structure and Process
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- The concept of analogy is of central concern to modern cognitive scientists, whereas it has been largely neglected in linguistics in the past four decades. The goal of this thought-provoking book is (1) to introduce a cognitively <i>and</i> linguistically viable notion of analogy; and (2) to re-establish and build on traditional linguistic analogy-based research.<br />As a starting point, a general definition of analogy is offered that makes the distinction between analogy-as-structure and analogy-as-process. <br /> Chapter 2 deals with analogy as used in traditional linguistics. It demonstrates how phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and diachronic linguistics make use of analogy and discusses linguistic domains in which analogy does or did not work. The appendix gives a description of a computer program, which performs such instances of analogy-based syntactic analysis as have long been claimed impossible.<br />Chapter 3 supports the ultimate (non-modular) ‘unity of the mind’ and discusses the existence of pervasive analogies between language and such cognitive domains as vision, music, and logic. <br />The final chapter presents evidence for the view that the cosmology of every culture is based on analogy. <br />At a more abstract level, the role of analogy in scientific change is scrutinized, resulting in a meta-analogy between myth and science.
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Approaching Postmodernism
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- Most of the essays collected in this volume deal with theoretical issues that dominate the international debate on Postmodernism, issues such as the shifting nature of the concept, the problem of periodization and the problem of historicity. Other essays offer readings of Postmodernist texts and relate practical criticism to a theoretical framework. Hans Bertens (Utrecht) sketches the historical development of the concept Postmodernism in American criticism, distinguishing between the various definitions that have been proposed over the last twenty-five years, in an attempt to bring some order to the field and to facilitate future discussion. Brian McHale (Tel Aviv) and Douwe Fokkema (Utrecht) offer models for the description of Postmodernist texts. Richard Todd (Amsterdam) argues convincingly that Postmodernism is much more of a presence in contemporary British fiction than has so far been assumed, and Herta Schmid (Munich) presents a similar argument with respect to Russian avant-garde theater. Elrud Ibsch (Amsterdam) presents a contrastive analysis of Thomas Bernhard and Robert Musil; Ulla Musarra (Nijmegen) writes on Italo Calvino. The relation between Existentialism and Postmodernism is examined by Gerhard Hoffman (Würzburg); Theo D'haen (Utrecht) finds important parallels between Postmodernism in literature and in the visual arts; Matei Calinescu (Bloomington, Ind.) relates literary Postmodernism to a far more general cultural shift, rejecting, however, Foucault's notion of an epistemic break and arguing for both continuity and discontinuity. Finally, Helmut Lethen (Utrecht) and Susan Suleiman (Harvard) sharply question the concept of Postmodernism. Suleiman argues that the supposed Postmodernist reaction against Modernism may well be a critical myth or, if it isn't, a reaction limited to the American literary situation.
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Argumentation in Political Deliberation
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- The goal of this volume is to further the examination of the role, shape, and quality of argumentation in political deliberation. The chapters collected in the volume employ the concepts and methods developed within argumentation theory to investigate the specifics of political discourse across various deliberative arenas: from debates in the European Parliament, consensus conferences and public hearings in France, discussions in Dutch online forums, to exchanges of comments in online versions of British newspapers. In this way, the studies reveal the inner workings of argumentative interactions that constitute deliberative discourse – and thus importantly contribute to the study of public deliberation. This should be of interest to the students of argumentation, deliberation, and political discourse. In addition, the volume problematizes and theorizes some vital issues related to the study of situated argumentation, thus advancing the study of argumentation in context.<br />Originally published in <i>Journal of Argumentation in Context</i>, Vol. 2:1 (2013).
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Argumentation in Political Interviews
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- In <i>Argumentation in Political Interviews</i> Corina Andone uses the pragma-dialectical concept of strategic maneuvering to gain a better understanding of political interviews as argumentative practices. She analyzes and evaluates the way in which politicians react in political interviews to the accusation that the position they currently hold is inconsistent with a position they advanced before. The politicians’ responses to such charges are examined for their strategic function by concentrating on a number of concrete cases and explaining how the arguers try to enhance their chances of winning the discussion. In addition, the soundness criteria are formulated for judging properly when the politicians’ responses are indeed reasonable.This book is important to argumentation theorists, discourse analysts, communication scholars and all other researchers and students interested in the way in which language is used for the purpose of persuasion in a political context.<br />Corina Andone is Assistant Professor of Speech Communication, Argumentation Theory and Rhetoric at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
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Argumentation in Practice
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- Since the late 1950s the study of argumentation has developed from a marginal part of logic and rhetoric into a genuine interdisciplinary academic discipline. After having first been primarily concerned with creating an adequate philosophical perspective on argumentation, argumentation theorists have gradually shifted their focus of attention to a more immediate concern with the ins and outs of argumentative <i>praxis</i>. What exactly are the characteristics of situated argumentative discourse in different argumentative ‘action types’? How is the discourse influenced by institutional and contextual constraints? In what way can prominent cases of argumentative discourse be fruitfully analysed? <i>Argumentation in Practice</i> aims to provide insight into some important facets of argumentative praxis and the different ways in which it can be approached. The first part of this volume, ‘Conceptions of problems in argumentative practice’, introduces useful theoretical perspectives. The second part, ‘Empirical studies of argumentative practice’, contains both empirical studies of a general kind and several types of specific case studies.
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Aristoteles contra Augustinum
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- In der sog. »aristotelischen Zeitaporie« (<i>Physik</i> IV) äußert sich Aristoteles zum Verhältnis von Zeit und Seele. Dieser Text gehört zu den umstrittensten Abschnitten seines Zeittraktates. Zur Interpretation rekonstruiert die vorgelegte Untersuchung die Entwicklungslinien der Analysen zur Zeitaporie von der Spätantike über die arabische Philosophie bis zur Frühphase der lateinischen Aristoteleskommentierung im 13. Jahrhundert. <br />Der <i>erste Abschnitt</i> zeigt, wie die antike <i>Physik</i>-Kommentatoren diesen Text erklärten. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Auslegung des Alexander von Aphrodisias. Den der Spätantike diskutierten die Araber.<br />Ein <i>zweite Abschnitt</i> stellt daher die Analysen der arabischen Zeitphilosophie vor. Vermittelt durch lateinische Übersetzungen, beeinflussen arabische und jüdische Theoretiker die Zeitphilosophie des 13. Jahrhunderts.<br />Die Geschichte des sukzessiven Vordringens der Konzeption des Averroes in die Auslegung der Zeitaporie im 13. Jahrhundert expliziert daher ein <i>dritter Teil</i>. Erst die Philosophen dieser Zeit konnten die These des Aristoteles zum Verhältnis von Zeit und Seele mit der Konzeption des Augustinus vergleichen. Sie haben das elfte Buch der <i>Bekenntnisse</i> neu entdeckt.
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Aristotelisches Wissen und Glauben im 15. Jahrhundert
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- On March 7, 1277, Etienne Tempier, Bishop of Paris, condemned a list of 219 theological and philosophical theses. This condemnation had a lasting impact on the teaching of philosophy and theology at the late-medieval universities, and many philosophical and theological texts of this time contain references to the “Parisian articles.” In the fifteenth century, probably in Paris between 1418 and 1454, an anonymous commentary on this well-known document was written, which is presented here for the first time. A quotation in the treatise <i>De universali reali</i> by Jean de Maisonneuve (Johannes de Nova Domo) allowed tracing this text back to the circle of this Parisian master.<br />Apart from the first critical edition of the commentary on the basis of all seven known manuscripts, the volume also contains a comprehensive analysis of the text. The detailed discussion of philosophical and theological problems such as God’s absolute and ordained power (<i>potentia Dei absoluta et ordinata</i>) is accompanied by a historical analysis of the validity of the condemnation. The volume is completed by an appendix, which contains further texts, as well as indexes of authorities and names.<br />Am 7. März 1277 verurteilte der Pariser Bischof Stephan Tempier 219 philosophische und theologische Thesen. Diese Verurteilung hatte einen lang andauernden Einfluss auf die philosophische und theologische Lehrtätigkeit an den spätmittelalterlichen Universitäten, und viele philosophische und theologische Texte dieser Zeit enthalten Hinweise auf die »Pariser Artikel«. Zu diesem wohlbekannten Verurteilungsdekret entstand im 15. Jahrhundert, vermutlich in Paris zwischen 1418 und 1454, ein anonym überlieferter Kommentar, der hier erstmalig vorgestellt wird. Aufgrund eines Zitats in der Abhandlung <i>De universali reali</i> des Jean de Maisonneuve (Johannes de Nova Domo) konnte dieser Text dem Umfeld dieses Pariser Magisters zugeordnet werden.<br />Neben der ersten kritischen Edition des Kommentars auf der Grundlage aller sieben bekannten Handschriften enthält der Band auch eine umfassende Analyse des Textes. Die detaillierte Diskussion philosophischer und theologischer Probleme wie Gottes prinzipiell uneingeschränkter Macht (<i>potentia Dei absoluta</i>) und seiner tatsächlich eingeschränkten Machtausübung innerhalb der von ihm gewollten Ordnung <i>(potentia Dei ordinata</i>) wird begleitet von einer historischen Analyse der Rechtskräftigkeit der Verurteilung. Der Band wird vervollständigt durch einen Anhang mit weiteren Texteditionen und abgerundet durch umfangreiche Indizes.
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Aristotle's Theory of Language and its Tradition
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- This volume contains a fragment from Aristotle’s <i>Peri Hermeneias</i> [16a1–17a7], with a translation into English and a commentary. This fragment is crucial to the understanding of Aristotle’s thinking about language. It is followed by (translations of) commentaries on Aristotle’s text by scholars between 500 and 1750, showing how his text was perceived over time. The commentaries are by Ammonius, Boethius, Abelaerd, Albertus Magnus, Thomas Acquinas, Martinus de Dacia, Johannes a S. Thoma, and James Harris. Each commentary is in turn commented upon by the compiler of this volume.
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Aspect and Meaning in Slavic and Indic
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- Three features set this book apart from other recent publications on aspect. First, it looks closely at the language family, Slavic, that has been the main source of assumptions and data about aspect. Second, it looks upon the object of linguistic study, natural language, from an angle shared by thinkers on language whose prominence is still outside linguistics: Wittgenstein, Bakhtin, and Derrida. Third, the exploratory and contrastive account of aspect in Indic, chiefly in Bengali, which will no doubt evoke reactions from experts in these languages.
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Ausgewählte Schriften
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Ausgewählte Schriften
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