RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 O’Grady, Gerard YR 2016 T1 Given/New: What do the terms refer to? JF English Text Construction VO 9 IS 1 SP 9 OP 32 DO https://doi.org/10.1075/etc.9.1.02ogr PB John Benjamins SN 1874-8767, AB Previous studies indicate that speakers signal the informational status of referents through a combination of intonation, word order and lexical realisation. In this paper, I argue for a non-binary view of information structure with referents being (1) hearer and discourse new, (2) discourse new but hearer given and (3) hearer and discourse given. Thus there can be no simple one-to-one relationship between information structure, lexical realisation and accenting. In the spoken data examined, evidence was found to substantiate a relationship between referential distance and lexical realisation but not between referential distance and tonic accenting. Tonic accents signal speakers’ subjective projection of the importance of a referent but the exact informational meaning signalled by the referent depends on a combination of tonic accent, tone choice, key, linear position and lexical realisation.This article is available under a CC BY 4.0 license, UL https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/etc.9.1.02ogr