%0 Journal Article %A Carden, Guy %A Stewart, William A. %T Binding Theory, Bioprogram, And Creolization: Evidence from Haitian Creole %D 1988 %J Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages %V 3 %N 1 %P 1-67 %@ 0920-9034 %R https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.3.1.02car %I John Benjamins %X Bickerton and others have proposed models of creolization in which a creole with a bioprogram-unmarked grammar appears with the first generation of native speakers. When we construct the history of reflexives and anti-reflexives in Haitian Creole, we find instead a gradual development over more than 200 years, starting from a typologically unusual system that seems an unlikely candidate for the unmarked setting of the bioprogram, and passing through one or two intermediate stages to the typologically unmarked present-day system. A comparison with the limited available data on first and second language acquisition suggests that a model of creolization based on functional considerations and inheritance from a preceding pidgin will account for this history at least as well as a model based on first language acquisition. The history of Haitian Creole Binding Theory thus shows a classical "deep creole" acting much like Sankoffs analysis of Tok Pisin, and quite unlike the predictions of Bickerton's model or any model that predicts that a stable creole will develop in a single generation. This Haitian Creole data therefore implies a gradualist model of creolization, in which "creolization" is seen as a process extending over a number of generations of native speakers. %U https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.3.1.02car