A critical metaphor analysis of Arab uprisings in “The Washington Post” and “Keyhan” editorials

References

1. Balkin, J.M
   (1998) Cultural software. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Burnes, S
   (2011) Metaphors in press reports of elections: Obama walked on water, but Musharraf was beaten by a knockout. Journal of Pragmatics, 43, 2160–2175. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2011.01.010
   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.01.010 [Google Scholar]
3. Cameron, L
   (2007) Patterns of metaphor use in reconciliation talk. Discourse & Society, 18(2), 197–222. doi: 10.1177/0957926507073376
   https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926507073376 [Google Scholar]
4. Charteris-Black, J
   (2004) Corpus approaches to critical metaphor analysis. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/9780230000612
   https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230000612 [Google Scholar]
5. Chilton, P
   (2004) Analyzing political discourse: Theory and practice. London: Routledge.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Chilton, P
   (1996) Security metaphors: Cold war discourse from containment to common house. New York: Peter Lang.
   [Google Scholar]
7. El-Sharif, A
   (2012) Metaphors we believe by: Islamic doctrine as evoked by the Prophet Muhammad’s metaphors. Critical Discourse Studies, 9(3), 231–245. doi: 10.1080/17405904.2012.688209
   https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2012.688209 [Google Scholar]
8. Goatly, A
   (1998) The language of metaphors. London & New York: Routledge.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Goatly, A
   (2007) Washing the brain metaphor and hidden ideology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/dapsac.23
   https://doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.23 [Google Scholar]
10. Grady, J
    (1997)  Foundations of meaning: Primary metaphors and primary scenes . PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
11. Grady, J
    (2007) Metaphor. In D. Geeraerts & H. Cuyckens (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of cognitive linguistics (pp. 188–213). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Heywood, J. , & Semino, E
    (2007) Metaphors for speaking and writing in the British press. In S. Johnson & A. Ensslin (Eds.), Language in the media: Representations, identities, ideologies (pp. 25–47). London: Continuum.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Hunston, S. , & Thompson, G
    (2000) Evaluation in text: Authorial stance and the construction of discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Jaspal, R
    (2014) Representing the Arab Spring in the Iranian press: Islamic awakening or foreign-sponsored terror? Politics , Groups, and Identities, 2(3), 422–442. doi: 10.1080/21565503.2014.925814
    https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2014.925814 [Google Scholar]
15. Jones, P.E
    (2000) Cognitive linguistics and the Marxist approach to ideology. Language and Ideology, 1, 227–252.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Kövecses, Z
    (1996) Metaphors of anger, pride and love: A lexical approach to the structure of concepts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/pb.vii.8
    https://doi.org/10.1075/pb.vii.8 [Google Scholar]
17. Kövecses, Z
    (2000) Metaphor and emotion: Language, culture, and body in human feeling. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Kövecses, Z
    (2002) Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Lakoff, G
    (1996) Moral politics: What conservatives know that liberals don’t. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Lakoff, G. , & Johnson, M
    (1980) Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Lakoff, G. , & Turner, M
    (1989) More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001
    https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
22. Mohamed, M.T
    (2014) The metaphor of nature in the holy Quran: A Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA). Journal of Arabic and Human Sciences Qassim University, 7(3), 83–100.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Moussawi, I
    (2011) Shi’ism and the democratisation process in Iran. London: Saqi.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Musolff, A
    (2004) Metaphor and political discourse: Analogical reasoning in debates about Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/9780230504516
    https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230504516 [Google Scholar]
25. Mashak, S. , Pazhakh, A. , & Hayati, A
    (2012) A comparative study on basic emotion conceptual metaphors in English and Persian literary texts. IES, 5(1), 200–207. doi: 10.5539/ies.v5n1p200
    https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v5n1p200 [Google Scholar]
26. Pragglejaz Group
    (2007) MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 22(1), 1–39. doi: 10.1080/10926480709336752
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10926480709336752 [Google Scholar]
27. Said, A.A
    (1979) Precept and practice of human rights in Islam. Universal Human Rights, 1(1), 63–79. doi: 10.2307/761831
    https://doi.org/10.2307/761831 [Google Scholar]
28. Semino, E. , & Masci, M
    (1996) Politics is football: Metaphor in the discourse of Silvio Berlusconi in Italy. Discourse & Society, 7(2), 243–269 doi: 10.1177/0957926596007002005
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926596007002005 [Google Scholar]
29. Semino, E
    (2008) Metaphor in discourse. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Slackman, M
    (2007, September 22). Freed by revolution, he speaks for Iran’s hard-liners. The New York Times. Retrieved fromwww.nytimes.com/2007/09/22/world/middleeast/22shariamadari.html?_r=0
    [Google Scholar]
31. Stockwell, P
    (2000) Towards a critical cognitive linguistics. In A. Combrink & I. Biermann (Eds.), Discourses of war and conflict (pp. 510–28). Potchefstroom: Potchefstroom University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Tezcür, G. , & Azadarmaki, T
    (2008) Religiosity and Islamic rule in Iran. Scientific Study of Religion, 47(2), 211–224. doi: 10.1111/j.1468‑5906.2008.00403.x
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2008.00403.x [Google Scholar]
33. The Washington Post
    . (n.d.). In Wikipedia. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2015, fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post
34. Torlakova, L
    (2014) Metaphors of the Arab Spring: Figurative construals of the uprisings and revolutions. Journal Of Arabic And Islamic Studies, 14, 1–25.
    [Google Scholar]
35. Van Dijk, T.A
    (1996) Opinions and ideologies in editorials. International symposium of critical discourse analysis, language, social life and critical thought, Athens, 14–16 December.
    [Google Scholar]
36. Van Dijk, T.A
    (1998) Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. London: Sage.
    [Google Scholar]