Terminology. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication
Volume 1, Issue 1, 1994
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Volume 1 (1994)
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Introducing Terminology: International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication
- Authors: Kurt L. Loening, and Helmi B. Sonneveld
- pp.: 1–6 (6)
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Terminology: Custodian of knowledge and means of knowledge transfer
- Author: Juan C. Sager
- pp.: 7–15 (9)
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- This article places terminology in relation to linguistics and cognitive science and traces its historic evolution and perception in order to assess its current instrumental role in knowledge acquisition, representation and transfer via language. The environment of information technology permits the full exploitation of terminology and demonstrates the basically applied nature of the discipline.
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Quelques caractéristiques du vocabulaire de l'acupuncture
- Authors: Jean-Claude Boulanger, and Gaétane Lavigne
- pp.: 17–40 (24)
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- The authors study a few characteristics of French acupuncture vocabulary. Their observations are based on a corpus of texts gathered from approximately twenty works. The contacts between two languages with extremely divergent systems give rise to many borrowings, thereby increasing the number of synonyms in the receptor language, in particular given the necessity to Romanize the writing system of the borrower language. Transcribing Chinese ideograms into French causes virtually insurmountable phonological, spelling, grammatical, morphological, syntactic and other difficulties. Synonymy and borrowing are described critically by use of a Romanization protocol. They are examined from the standpoint of language planning and the internal functioning of an emerging terminology, partially based on foreign lexical units. A few directions are proposed to facilitate the standardization of this LSP vocabulary.
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Data elements in terminological entries: An empirical study
- Authors: Sue Ellen Wright, and Gerhard Budin
- pp.: 41–59 (19)
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- Differing theoretical and methodological views and working-group needs have spawned a wide diversity in the content, layout and internal structure of terminological entries in database environments, which in turn complicates standardization and data interchange. Major criticisms lodged against the data element list provided in ISO 6156 (MATER) prompted the authors to conduct an empirical examination of over thirty existing databases to ascertain which data elements are truly used in practice (as opposed to those which are espoused or rejected in theory). Their results reveal that designation of data elements, like other terminological products, are subject to the vagaries of polysemy and synonymy. They conclude that, given the widespread differences in approach evidenced in existing databases, the most practical approach to data element concerns during interchange is to compile an open-ended dictionary of common data element types for use as a mapping device during the data preparation stage.
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Positional and combinational characteristics of terms: Consequences for corpus-based terminography
- Author: Blaise Nkwenti-Azeh
- pp.: 61–95 (35)
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- Special-language term formation is characterised, inter alia, by the frequent reuse of certain lexical items in the formation of new syntagmatic units and by conceptually motivated restrictions on the position which certain elements can occupy within a compound term. This paper describes how the positional and combinational features of the terminology of a given domain can be identified from relevant existing term lists and used as part of a corpus-based, automatic term-identification strategy within a natural-language processing (e.g., machine-translation) system. The methodology described is exemplified and supported with data from the field of satellite communications.
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Towards a common vocabulary for classification and definition
- Authors: Pieter F. de Vries Robbé, and Frank J. Flier
- pp.: 97–102 (6)
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- The cooperative development of classifications and definitions by parties interested in health care requires a coherent metaterminology. Besides the language of logic and set theory, the language of terminology seems useful in the pursuit of a methodological taxonomy. However, the standard vocabularies developed so far by terminologists have certain shortcomings. Some of them are discussed. Further developments are under way. The need to organize huge collections of knowledge in several disciplines will put pressure on the work of standardizing terminolo gists.
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Differences in linguistic representations of concepts in Japanese and English complex noun terms
- Author: Kyo Kageura
- pp.: 103–119 (17)
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- This paper compares the characteristics of Japanese complex noun terms with those of English in the field of documentation, based on a multilingual corpus. It first presents the basic characteristics of Japanese and English terms at the formal and grammatical level, then it examines the different ways of linguistic representation of concepts in Japanese and English terms, showing that these two languages sometimes adopt different ways of representing concepts, which reflect their linguistic differences.
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Management of terminology in a machine-translation environment
- Author: Marie-Claude L'Homme
- pp.: 121–135 (15)
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- The input and organization of terms play a central role in a dictionary-based translation system. The quality of the output text depends, for the most part, on the development of the dictionary. However, a lexical database cannot solve all problems of ambiguity. Moreover, it cannot take into account the effective usage of terms in specialized texts. This paper describes how terminology management is carried out in a machine-translation environment. We list a series of problems posteditors have to cope with and offer partial solutions to these problems. The material is based on work done in a translation firm where all translators are required to postedit machine translations.
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Terminology for quantities and units in International Standards
- Author: Anders J. Thor
- pp.: 137–146 (10)
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- In 1992, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published a revised edition of the International Standard ISO 31, Quantities and Units. This standard consists of fourteen different parts (published as a single volume in 1993) and is issued in English (E) and French (F). The revision revealed many questions — new as well as old ones — about the terminology for quantities and units. Some of these questions concerning English terminology are discussed in this article. Comparison with German (D) and Swedish (S), since it is the author's mother tongue, is also made in some cases.
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Automatic recognition of complex terms: Problems and the TERMINO solution
- Author: Andy Lauriston
- pp.: 147–170 (24)
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- While the term-extraction decisions made by terminologists are based primarily on semantic and pragmatic criteria, automated processes have barely started operating at these levels of linguistic analysis. This paper discusses the graphic, lexical, syntactic and semantic difficulties encountered in automated text processing in general and emphasizes in particular certain specific problems that arise in the automatic recognition of complex terms. In order to illustrate the current limitations of existing systems, the article goes on to describe TERMINO, a morphosyntactic text-analysis system developed to help in French-language term extraction. A quantitative and qualitative assessment is made of the system's performance in recognizing complex terms.
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Résumé d'une lecture terminologique de Translation and Meaning: Part 2
- Author: Paul Wijnands
- pp.: 171–179 (9)
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- This paper addresses the analysis of texts on translation theory from a terminological point of view. It focuses on those translational items, which require a greater input of terminological theory, by examining the terminological principles applied to translation practice. This survey covers the papers delivered at the symposium Meaning and Translation, Part 2, held in Poland in 1990, the proceedings of which were published in 1992. On the basis of these texts, it is concluded that, generally speaking, specialists in translation studies do not sufficiently consider terminology as a discipline which can enrich their conceptual framework. However, a number of contributions to the symposium show that translational knowledge can benefit from the use of terminologically based perception modes.
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Applied terminology:: A state-of-the-art report
- Author: Lynne Bowker
- pp.: 181–192 (12)
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- Two recently published collections of articles that provide an overview of the state of the art in applied terminology are discussed from the point of view of two themes recurring throughout them: comparative terminology and knowledge engineering. Comparative terminology is one of the most traditional forms of terminology and is still among the most prevalent practiced today. New necessary approaches to handling problems in this area are outlined. One of the newest areas of research is knowledge-based terminology. The growing interest in exploring the potential benefits of a relationship between terminology and knowledge-engineering methods is shown by the discussion of various articles on this subject.
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Wayne P. Ellis 1915-1993
- Author: Richard A. Strehlow
- pp.: 193–194 (2)
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Terminology in Canada
- Author: Malcolm Williams
- pp.: 195–201 (7)
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Pragmatists United: The Deutscher Terminologie-Tag e.V.
- Author: John D. Graham
- pp.: 202–205 (4)
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Associazione Italiana per la Terminologia (ASSITERM)
- Authors: Giovanni Adamo, and Laura Bocci
- pp.: 205–207 (3)
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M. Teresa Cabré. La terminologia. La teoria, els mètodes, les aplicacions
- Author: Bruno de Bessé
- pp.: 209–211 (3)
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Helmi B. Sonneveld and Kurt L. Loening, eds. Terminology. Applications in Interdisciplinary Communication
- Author: Augustin Ndi-Kimbi
- pp.: 212–213 (2)
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Richard A. Strehlow and Sue Ellen Wright, eds. Standardizing Terminology for Better Communication. Practice, Applied Theory, and Results
- Author: Henri Leclercq
- pp.: 214–216 (3)
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The Third International Congress on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, Cologne, Germany, August 1993
- Author: Deborah Fry
- pp.: 217–218 (2)
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The Ninth European Symposium on Language for Special Purposes, Bergen, Norway, August 1993
- Author: Margaret Rogers
- pp.: 219–221 (3)
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Terminology Calendar
- pp.: 223–224 (2)
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The Authors in this Issue
- pp.: 225–227 (3)
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