1887
  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. English across Borders

English across Borders

A reflexive approach to anglophone migrants’ repertoires

image of English across Borders
USD
Buy:$169.00 + Taxes

This book presents an account of English in the communicative repertoires of anglophone West-Africans living in Southwestern Germany. Adopting an ethnographically grounded perspective, it analyzes how participants perceive and utilize English as well as other linguistic resources at their disposal in an environment where linguistic competence is routinely under scrutiny. The book traces how linguistic practices participate in the construction of socially meaningful spaces and images of personhood and how discourse about language enables participants to position themselves in relation to these constructions. In the process, notions of languages and varieties themselves are used in surprising and sometimes conflicting ways. While these are at odds with descriptive linguistic terminology, the book takes them seriously as expressing local understandings of the relationship among ways of speaking and social positions. At the theoretical level, the book advances a shift in World Englishes research towards a reflexive approach grounded in linguistic anthropological perspectives.

References

  1. Afolayan, Adebisi
    1984 The English language in Nigerian education as an agent of proper multilingual and multicultural development. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development5(1). 1–22. 10.1080/01434632.1984.9994134
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1984.9994134 [Google Scholar]
  2. Agha, Asif
    2005 Voice, footing, enregisterment. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology15(1). 38–59. 10.1525/jlin.2005.15.1.38
     https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2005.15.1.38 [Google Scholar]
  3. 2007a Language and social relations (Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language 24). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. 2007b Recombinant selves in mass mediated spacetime. Language & Communication27(3). 320–335. 10.1016/j.langcom.2007.01.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2007.01.001 [Google Scholar]
  5. 2007c The object called “language” and the subject of linguistics. Journal of English Linguistics35(3). 217–235. 10.1177/0075424207304240
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424207304240 [Google Scholar]
  6. Agnew, John A.
    2011 Space and place. In John A. Agnew & David N. Livingstone (eds.), The SAGE handbook of geographical knowledge. Los Angeles: SAGE. 10.4135/9781446201091.n24
     https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446201091.n24 [Google Scholar]
  7. Alasmari, Amal
    2018 World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca approaches in teaching Saudi EFL learners. International Journal of English Language Education6(2). 82. 10.5296/ijele.v6i2.13785
     https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v6i2.13785 [Google Scholar]
  8. Alim, H. Samy
    2015 Hip Hop Nation Language: Localization and globalization. In Sonja L. Lanehart (ed.), The Oxford handbook of African American language, 850–862. New York: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Alim, H. Samy , Awad Ibrahim & Alastair Pennycook
    2009 Global linguistic flows: Hip hop cultures, youth identities, and the politics of language. New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Alo, M. A. & Rajend Mesthrie
    2008 Nigerian English: Syntax and morphology. In Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), Varieties of English, vol. 3: Africa. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Amnesty International
    Amnesty International. n.d.Refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/refugees-asylum-seekers-and-migrants/. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Anderson, Benedict
    1983 Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Androutsopoulos, Jannis & Kristin Vold Lexander
    2021 Digital polycentricity and diasporic connectivity: A Norwegian-Senegalese case study. Journal of Sociolinguistics25(5). 720–736. 10.1111/josl.12518
     https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12518 [Google Scholar]
  14. Angermeyer, Philipp Sebastian
    2017 Controlling Roma refugees with ‘Google-Hungarian’: Indexing deviance, contempt, and belonging in Toronto’s linguistic landscape. Language in Society46(2). 159–183. 10.1017/S0047404516001020
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404516001020 [Google Scholar]
  15. Appadurai, Arjun
    1986 Theory in anthropology: Center and periphery. Comparative Studies in Society and History28(2). 356–374. 10.1017/S0010417500013906
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500013906 [Google Scholar]
  16. 1990 Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy. Theory, Culture & Society7(2–3). 295–310. 10.1177/026327690007002017
     https://doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002017 [Google Scholar]
  17. 1991 Global ethnoscapes: Notes and queries for a transnational anthropology. In Richard G. Fox (ed.), Recapturing anthropology: Working in the present, 191–210. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. 2001 Deep democracy: Urban governmentality and the horizon of politics. Environment and Urbanization13(2). 23–43. 10.1177/095624780101300203
     https://doi.org/10.1177/095624780101300203 [Google Scholar]
  19. Arnaut, Karel
    2012 Super-diversity: Elements of an emerging perspective. Diversities14(2). 1–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Arnaut, Karel & Max Spotti
    2014 Super-diversity discourse. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies90. 1–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Auer, Peter , Martin Hilpert , Anja Stukenbrock & Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
    (eds.) 2013 Space in language and linguistics: Geographical, interactional, and cognitive perspectives. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110312027
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110312027 [Google Scholar]
  22. Awonusi, V. O.
    1986 Regional accents and internal variability in Nigerian English: A historical analysis. English Studies67. 550–560. 10.1080/00138388608598483
     https://doi.org/10.1080/00138388608598483 [Google Scholar]
  23. Bakhtin, Mikhail
    1981 The dialogical imagination. Austin, TX: The University of Texas Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 1984 Problems of Dostoevsky’s poetics (Theory and History of Literature v. 8). (Trans.) Caryl Emerson . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 10.5749/j.ctt22727z1
     https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctt22727z1 [Google Scholar]
  25. 1986 Speech genres and other late essays (University of Texas Press Slavic Series 8). (Ed.) Caryl Emerson & Michael Holquist . (Trans.) Vern W. McGee . Austin: University of Texas Press. 10.7560/720466
     https://doi.org/10.7560/720466 [Google Scholar]
  26. Bamgbose, Ayo
    1971 The English language in Nigeria. In J. Spencer (ed.), The English Language in West Africa, 35–48. London: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Bauman, Richard & Charles L. Briggs
    1990 Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology19. 59–88. 10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.000423
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.000423 [Google Scholar]
  28. 2003 Voices of modernity: Language ideologies and the politics of inequality (Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language 21). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511486647
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486647 [Google Scholar]
  29. Bauman, Zygmunt
    2000 Liquid modernity. Cambridge; Malden: Polity Press/Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. 2018 Between separation and integration: Strategies of cohabitation in the era of diasporization and Internet. Popular Communication16(1). 1–3. 10.1080/15405702.2017.1406094
     https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2017.1406094 [Google Scholar]
  31. Beck, Ulrich , Wolfgang Bonss & Christoph Lau
    2003 The theory of reflexive modernization: Problematic, hypotheses and research programme. Theory, Culture & Society20(2). 1–33. 10.1177/0263276403020002001
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276403020002001 [Google Scholar]
  32. Becker, A. L.
    1991 Language and languaging. Language & Communication11(1–2). 33–35. 10.1016/0271‑5309(91)90013‑L
     https://doi.org/10.1016/0271-5309(91)90013-L [Google Scholar]
  33. Bell, Allan
    1984 Language style as audience design. Language in Society13(2). 145–204. 10.1017/S004740450001037X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S004740450001037X [Google Scholar]
  34. Benor, Sarah Bunin
    2010 Ethnolinguistic repertoire: Shifting the analytic focus in language and ethnicity. Journal of Sociolinguistics14(2). 159–183. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2010.00440.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2010.00440.x [Google Scholar]
  35. Bernaisch, Tobias , Stefan Th. Gries & Benedikt Heller
    2022 Theoretical models and statistical modelling of linguistic epicentres. World Englishes41(3). 333–346. 10.1111/weng.12580
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12580 [Google Scholar]
  36. Berns, Margie
    2005 Expanding on the Expanding Circle: Where do WE go from here?World Englishes24(1). 85–93. 10.1111/j.0883‑2919.2005.00389.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0883-2919.2005.00389.x [Google Scholar]
  37. 2019 Expanding on the Expanding Englishes of the Expanding Circle. World Englishes38(1–2). 8–17. 10.1111/weng.12361
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12361 [Google Scholar]
  38. Bhatt, Rakesh M.
    2001 World Englishes. Annual Review of Anthropology30(1). 527–550. 10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.527
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.527 [Google Scholar]
  39. Blackledge, Adrian & Angela Creese
    2023 Essays in linguistic ethnography: Ethics, aesthetics, encounters. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Blackledge, Adrian , Angela Creese , Mike Baynham & Melanie Cooke
    2017 Language and superdiversity: An interdisciplinary perspective. Working Papers in Translanguaging and Translation26. 1–32.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Block, David
    2018 Political economy and sociolinguistics: Neoliberalism, inequality and social class. London et al.: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Blommaert, Jan
    2005 Discourse: A critical introduction (Key Topics in Sociolinguistics). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511610295
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610295 [Google Scholar]
  43. 2009 Language, asylum, and the national order. Current Anthropology50(4). 415–441. 10.1086/600131
     https://doi.org/10.1086/600131 [Google Scholar]
  44. 2010 The sociolinguistics of globalization (Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511845307
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511845307 [Google Scholar]
  45. 2013 Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: Chronicles of complexity (Critical Language and Literacy Studies 18). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. 2015a Chronotopic identities. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies144.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. 2015b Commentary: Superdiversity old and new. Language & Communication44. 82–88. 10.1016/j.langcom.2015.01.003
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2015.01.003 [Google Scholar]
  48. 2016 From mobility to complexity in sociolinguistic theory and method. In Nikolas Coupland (ed.), Sociolinguistics: Theoretical debates, 242–260. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781107449787.012
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107449787.012 [Google Scholar]
  49. 2017 Commentary: Mobility, contexts, and the chronotope. Language in Society46(1). 95–99. 10.1017/S0047404516000841
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404516000841 [Google Scholar]
  50. Blommaert, Jan & Ad Backus
    2013 Superdiverse repertoires and the individual. In Ingrid De Saint-Georges & Jean Jacques Weber (eds.), Multilingualism and multimodality: Current challenges for educational studies sense, 9–32. Rotterdam: Sense. 10.1007/978‑94‑6209‑266‑2_2
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-266-2_2 [Google Scholar]
  51. Blommaert, Jan & Anna De Fina
    2016 Chronotopic identities: On the timespace organization of who we are. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies153.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Blommaert, Jan & Ben Rampton
    2011 Language and superdiversity. Diversities13(2). 1–21.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Blommaert, Jan & Pia Varis
    2011 Enough is enough: The heuristics of authenticity in superdiversity. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies2.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Blommaert, Jan & Jef Verschueren
    1998 The role of language in European nationalist ideologies. In Bambi B. Schieffelin , Kathryn A. Woolard & Paul V. Kroskrity (eds.), Language ideologies: Practice and theory, 189–210. Oxford et al.: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780195105612.003.0009
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105612.003.0009 [Google Scholar]
  55. BMI
    BMI 2022 Integrationskurse. Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat. https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/heimat-integration/integration/integrationskurse/integrationskurse.html?nn=9395256. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Bohmann, Axel
    2010 “Red mal deutsch, Hundesohn, ich halt nicht viel vom Spitten”: Cultural Pressures and the Language of German Hip Hop. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik58(3): 203–228. 10.1515/zaa.2010.58.3.203
     https://doi.org/10.1515/zaa.2010.58.3.203 [Google Scholar]
  57. 2016 “Nobody canna cross it”: Language-ideological dimensions of hypercorrect speech in Jamaica. English Language & Linguistics20(1). 129–152. 10.1017/S1360674315000374
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674315000374 [Google Scholar]
  58. 2020 Variation in English worldwide: Registers and global varieties (Studies in English Language). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. 2021a Register in World Englishes research. In Theresa Heyd & Britta Schneider (eds.), The Bloomsbury handbook of World Englishes. Vol 1: Paradigms, 80–96. Oxford: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350065833.0011
     https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350065833.0011 [Google Scholar]
  60. 2021b Uprooted speakers’ grassroots English: Metalinguistic perspectives of asylum seekers in Germany. In Christiane Meierkord & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), World Englishes at the grassroots, 233–254. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467551.003.0011
     https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467551.003.0011 [Google Scholar]
  61. Bohmann, Axel & Adesoji Babalola
    2023 Verbal past inflection in Nigerian English: A case for sociolinguistic compound vision. In Guyanne Wilson & Michael Westphal (eds.), New Englishes, new methods (Varieties of English around the World G68), 16–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g68.02boh
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.02boh [Google Scholar]
  62. Bohmann, Axel & Mirka Honkanen
    . forthcoming. Writing Nigerian Pidgin on the web: Dynamic developments on a diasporic forum. In Heli Paulasto , Lea Meriläinen & Samuli Kaislaniemi eds. English language contacts and change in the digital age.
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Bolander, Brook
    2020 World Englishes and transnationalism. In Daniel Schreier , Marianne Hundt & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of World Englishes, 676–701. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Bolton, Kingsley
    2013 World Englishes and international call centres. World Englishes32(4). 495–502. 10.1111/weng.12057
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12057 [Google Scholar]
  65. Bourdieu, Pierre
    1991 Language and symbolic power. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Brato, Thorsten
    2020 English in Ghana: Extra-and intra-territorial forces in a developmental perspective. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 371–396. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Brizić, Katharina
    2024 Unsettled hearing, responsible listening: Encounters with voice after forced migration. Applied Linguistics Review (online first view). 10.1515/applirev‑2024‑0088
     https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2024-0088 [Google Scholar]
  68. Brunner, Thomas & Thomas Hoffmann
    2020 The way -construction in World Englishes. English World-Wide41(1). 1–32. 10.1075/eww.00038.bru
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00038.bru [Google Scholar]
  69. Bruthiaux, Paul
    2003 Squaring the circles: Issues in modeling English worldwide. International Journal of Applied Linguistics13(2). 159–178. 10.1111/1473‑4192.00042
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00042 [Google Scholar]
  70. Bucholtz, Mary
    1999 ‘You da man’: Narrating the racial other in the production of white masculinity. Journal of Sociolinguistics3(4). 443–460. 10.1111/1467‑9481.00090
     https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9481.00090 [Google Scholar]
  71. 2001 The Whiteness of nerds: Superstandard English and racial markedness. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology11(1). 84–100. 10.1525/jlin.2001.11.1.84
     https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2001.11.1.84 [Google Scholar]
  72. Bucholtz, Mary & Kira Hall
    2004 Theorizing identity in language and sexuality research. Language in Society33(04). 10.1017/S0047404504334020
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404504334020 [Google Scholar]
  73. 2005 Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic approach. Discourse Studies7(4–5). 585–614. 10.1177/1461445605054407
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054407 [Google Scholar]
  74. 2010 Locating identitiy in language. In Carmen Llamas & Dominic Watt (eds.), Language and identities, 18–28. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10.1515/9780748635788‑006
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748635788-006 [Google Scholar]
  75. Budach, Gabriele & Ingrid De Saint-Georges
    2017 Superdiversity and language. In A. Suresh Canagarajah (ed.), The Routledge handbook of migration and language (Routledge Handbooks in Applied Linguistics), 63–78. London; New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis. 10.4324/9781315754512‑4
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315754512-4 [Google Scholar]
  76. Bundesagentur für Arbeit
    Bundesagentur für Arbeit 2022 Deutsch lernen. Bundesagentur für Arbeit. https://www.arbeitsagentur.de/fuer-menschen-aus-dem-ausland/deutsch-lernen. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge
    Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge 2018 The personal interview. BAMF — Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. https://www.BAMF.de/EN/Themen/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/AblaufAsylverfahrens/Anhoerung/anhoerung-node.html. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge
    Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge 2019 Dossier: Integrationskurse. BAMF — Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. https://www.BAMF.de/SharedDocs/Dossiers/DE/Integration/integrationskurse-im-fokus.html?nn=282388&cms_pos=1. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge
    Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge 2021 Das Bundesamt in Zahlen 2021. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge. Lohfelden: Silber Druck.
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge
    Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge 2023 The stages of the German asylum procedure An overview of the individual procedural steps and the legal basis. 4th ed.Bexbach: Kern. https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/AsylFluechtlingsschutz/Asylverfahren/das-deutsche-asylverfahren.pdf. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Busch, B.
    2012 The linguistic repertoire revisited. Applied Linguistics33(5). 503–523. 10.1093/applin/ams056
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/ams056 [Google Scholar]
  82. Busch, Brigitta
    2010 Die Macht präbabylonischer Phantasien: Ressourcenorientiertes sprachbiographisches Arbeiten. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik40(4). 58–82. 10.1007/BF03379844
     https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03379844 [Google Scholar]
  83. 2015 Linguistic repertoire and Spracherleben, the lived experience of language. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies148. 1–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  84. 2016 Regaining a place from which to speak and be heard: In search of a response to the “violence of voicelessness.”Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus49. 10.5842/49‑0‑675
     https://doi.org/10.5842/49-0-675 [Google Scholar]
  85. Busch, Brigitta & Tim McNamara
    2020 Language and trauma: An introduction. Applied Linguistics41(3). 323–333. 10.1093/applin/amaa002
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amaa002 [Google Scholar]
  86. Buschfeld, Sarah
    2013 English in Cyprus or Cyprus English: An empirical investigation of variety status (Varieties of English around the World v. G46). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g46
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g46 [Google Scholar]
  87. 2020 Synopsis: Fine-tuning the EIF model. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 397–415. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0018
     https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0018 [Google Scholar]
  88. Buschfeld, Sarah & Alexander Kautzsch
    2017 Towards an integrated approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial Englishes: Towards an integrated approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial Englishes. World Englishes36(1). 104–126. 10.1111/weng.12203
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12203 [Google Scholar]
  89. (eds.) 2020a Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  90. 2020b Introduction. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 1–15. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  91. 2020c Theoretical models of English as a world language. In Daniel Schreier , Marianne Hundt & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of World Englishes, 51–71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Calvet, Louis-Jean
    2006 Towards an ecology of world languages. Cambridge: Polity Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Calvet-Terré, Júlia & Enric Llurda
    2023 Ideologies and attitudes of Spanish pre-service teachers on ELF. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca12(1). 91–116. 10.1515/jelf‑2023‑2004
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2023-2004 [Google Scholar]
  94. Cameron, Deborah
    2012 The commodification of language: English as a global commodity. In Terttu Nevalainen & Elizabeth Closs Traugott (eds.), The Oxford handbook of the history of English, 352–362. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199922765.013.0031
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199922765.013.0031 [Google Scholar]
  95. Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn
    2007 Accent, (ING), and the social logic of listener perceptions. American Speech82(1). 32–64. 10.1215/00031283‑2007‑002
     https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2007-002 [Google Scholar]
  96. Chamberlain, Muriel Evelyn
    2013 The scramble for Africa. Third edition. London; New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Cheshire, Jenny , Paul Kerswill , Sue Fox & Eivind Torgersen
    2011 Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of Sociolinguistics15(2). 151–196. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2011.00478.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2011.00478.x [Google Scholar]
  98. CIA
    CIA 2023 World. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Clark, Andrew F.
    2005 Gambia, The: Nineteenth century to independence. In Kevin Shillington (ed.), Encyclopedia of African history, vol.1, 549–551. New York; London: Fitzroy Dearborn.
     [Google Scholar]
  100. Clifford, James & George E. Marcus
    (eds.) 1986 Writing culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10.1525/9780520946286
     https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520946286 [Google Scholar]
  101. Collins, Peter & Pam Peters
    2004 Australian English: Morphology and syntax. In Bernd Kortmann , Edgar W. Schneider , Kate Burridge , Rajend Mesthrie & Clive Upton (eds.), A Handbook of varieties of English: A multimedia reference tool, vol.1: Phonology, 593–610. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Coste, Daniel
    2021 De Rüschlikon au Volume complémentaire — ou: Du risque qu’il y a à passer sous les échelles. In Karin Vogt & Jürgen Quetz (eds.), Der neue Begleitband zum Gemeinsamen europäischen Referenzrahmen für Sprachen (Kolloquium Fremdsprachenunterricht Band 67), 47–58. Berlin et al.: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  103. Coulmas, Florian
    1992 Language and economy. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Council of Europe
    Council of Europe (ed.) 2020 Common European framework of reference for languages; Learning, teaching, assessment; companion volume. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Creese, Angela & Adrian Blackledge
    2010a Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching?The Modern Language Journal94(1). 103–115. 10.1111/j.1540‑4781.2009.00986.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00986.x [Google Scholar]
  106. 2010b Towards a sociolinguistics of superdiversity. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft13(4). 549–572. 10.1007/s11618‑010‑0159‑y
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-010-0159-y [Google Scholar]
  107. 2020 Stereotypes and chronotopes: The peasant and the cosmopolitan in narratives about migration. Journal of Sociolinguistics24(4). 419–440. 10.1111/josl.12376
     https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12376 [Google Scholar]
  108. Crystal, David
    2003 English as a global language. 2nd ed.Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511486999
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486999 [Google Scholar]
  109. Das Gupta, Jyotirindra
    1970 Language conflict and national development: Group politics and national language policy in India. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10.1525/9780520377998
     https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520377998 [Google Scholar]
  110. De Costa, Peter I.
    2010 From refugee to transformer: A Bourdieusian take on a Hmong learner’s trajectory. TESOL Quarterly44(3). 517–541. 10.5054/tq.2010.226856
     https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2010.226856 [Google Scholar]
  111. Denis, Derek , Vidhya Elango , Nur Sakinah Nor Kamal , Srishti Prashar & Maria Velasco
    2023 Exploring the vowel space of Multicultural Toronto English. Journal of English Linguistics51(1). 30–65. 10.1177/00754242221145164
     https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242221145164 [Google Scholar]
  112. Denzin, Norman K.
    2001 The reflexive interview and a performative social science. Qualitative Research1(1). 23–46. 10.1177/146879410100100102
     https://doi.org/10.1177/146879410100100102 [Google Scholar]
  113. Deshors, Sandra C.
    (ed.) 2018 Modeling World Englishes: Assessing the interplay of emancipation and globalization of ESL varieties (Varieties of English Around the World G61). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g61
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g61 [Google Scholar]
  114. Deuber, Dagmar
    2005 Nigerian Pidgin in Lagos: Language contact, variation and change in an African urban setting. London: Battlebridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  115. Deumert, Ana
    2020 The invisibility of linguistic diversity online: Reflections on the political economy of digital communication. In Cécile B. Vigouroux & Salikoko S. Mufwene (eds.), Bridging linguistics and economics, 81–108. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108783101.004
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108783101.004 [Google Scholar]
  116. Deutscher Bundestag
    Deutscher Bundestag 2022 Etat 2023: Mehr Geld für Integrationskurse und Resettlement. Deutscher Bundestag. https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-920682. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia , Axel Fanego Palat , Sabine Littig & Nico Nassenstein
    2021 Jenseits des Referenzrahmens: Erfarhungen afrikanischer Migrant*innen mit sprachlicher Integration im Rhein-Main-Gebiet. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie98. 157–187.
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Doran, Meredith
    2007 Alternative French, alternative identities: Situating language in la Banlieue . Contemporary French and Francophone Studies11(4). 497–508. 10.1080/17409290701661934
     https://doi.org/10.1080/17409290701661934 [Google Scholar]
  119. Dorian, Nancy C. & Glyn Williams
    1994 Sociolinguistics: A sociological critique. Language70(2). 340. 10.2307/415832
     https://doi.org/10.2307/415832 [Google Scholar]
  120. Dovchin, Sender
    2017 The ordinariness of youth linguascapes in Mongolia. International Journal of Multilingualism14(2). 144–159. 10.1080/14790718.2016.1155592
     https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.1155592 [Google Scholar]
  121. 2018 Language, media and globalization in the periphery: The linguascapes of popular music in Mongolia. Milton: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315168227
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315168227 [Google Scholar]
  122. Drescher, Martina & Oumarou Boukari
    2021 Afrikanische Sprachen in der Bildungsmigration: Eine soziolinguistische Studie zur Bayreuth International Graduate School of African Studies (BIGSAS). Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie98. 129–155.
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Du Bois, W. E. B.
    2005 [1903] The souls of black folk. New York: Bantam Classic.
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Duchêne, Alexandre & Monica Heller
    (eds.) 2013 Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and profit (Routledge Critical Studies in Multilingualism). London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Duran, Chatwara Suwannamai
    2016 “I want to do things with languages”: A male karenni refugee’s reconstructing multilingual capital. Journal of Language, Identity & Education15(4). 216–229. 10.1080/15348458.2016.1194208
     https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2016.1194208 [Google Scholar]
  126. Ebere, Charles & Evan Charles-Ebere
    2018 Bumster subculture and rastafari identity in The Gambia: The search for survival and social mobility among marginalised male youth. Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology15(1). 134–147.
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Eckert, Penelope
    1989 Jocks and burnouts: Social categories and identity in the high school. New York: Teachers College Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  128. 2004 The meaning of style. Texas Linguistics Forum47(1). 41–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  129. 2012 Three waves of variation study: The emergence of meaning in the study of sociolinguistic variation. Annual Review of Anthropology41(1). 87–100. 10.1146/annurev‑anthro‑092611‑145828
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145828 [Google Scholar]
  130. Eckert, Penelope & Sally McConnell-Ginet
    1992 Think practically and look locally: Language and gender as community-based practice. Annual Review of Anthropology21(1). 461–488. 10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.21.100192.002333 [Google Scholar]
  131. Education First
    Education First 2022 EF English Proficiency Index. Education First. https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/reports/2022/ef-epi-2022-english.pdf. (08 May, 2024).
  132. Edwards, Alison
    2016 English in the Netherlands: Functions, forms and attitudes (Varieties of English around the World volume G56). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g56
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g56 [Google Scholar]
  133. Emenanjọ, E. Nọlue
    (ed.) 1990 Multilingualism, minority languages, and language policy in Nigeria. Agbor: Central Books Ltd. in collaboration with the Linguistic Association of Nigeria.
     [Google Scholar]
  134. Englmann, Bettina
    2012 Migrant-ready? Der Nutzen des Anerkennungsgesetzes für Unternehmen. BWP5. 33–37.
     [Google Scholar]
  135. Erfurt, Jürgen & Peter Reimer
    (eds.) 2021a Afrikanische Sprachen in Europa (special issue of Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie 98 ).
     [Google Scholar]
  136. 2021b Afrikanische Sprachen in Europa. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie98. 9–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  137. Erling, Elizabeth J.
    2004 Globalization, English and the German university classroom: A Sociolinguistic profile of students of English at the Freie Universität Berlin. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Doctoral dissertation.
  138. Ethnologue
    Ethnologue 2022 What is the most spoken language?https://www.ethnologue.com/insights/most-spoken-language/. (08 May, 2024).
  139. European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture
    European Commission, Directorate-General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture 2008 High level group on multilingualism: Final report. Publications Office of the European Union.
     [Google Scholar]
  140. Evans, Stephen
    2009 The evolution of the English-language speech community in Hong Kong. English World-Wide30(3). 278–301. 10.1075/eww.30.3.03eva
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.30.3.03eva [Google Scholar]
  141. Fabricius, Anne & Janus Mortensen
    2013 Language ideology and the notion of “construct resource”: A case study of modern RP. In Tore Kristiansen & Stefan Grondelaers (eds.), Language (de)standardisation in late modern Europe: Experimental studies (Standard Language Ideology in Contemporary Europe (Series) 2), 375–402. Oslo: Novus Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  142. Fang, Fan (Gabriel)
    2017 World Englishes or English as a Lingua Franca: Where does English in China stand?English Today33(1). 19–24. 10.1017/S0266078415000668
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078415000668 [Google Scholar]
  143. Fanon, Frantz
    2002 [1952] Black skin, white masks (Pluto Classics). Repr. London: Pluto Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  144. Faraclas, Nicholas
    1996 Nigerian Pidgin. London; New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  145. Figueroa, Esther
    2005 Rude sounds: Kiss teeth and negotiation of the public sphere. In Susanne Mühleisen & Bettina Migge (eds.), Politeness and face in Caribbean creoles (Varieties of English Around the World G34), 73–72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g34.06fig
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g34.06fig [Google Scholar]
  146. Fishman, Joshua A. & John E. Hofman
    1966 Mother tongue and nativity in the American population. In Joshua A. Fishman , Vladimir C. Nahirny , John E. Hofman , Robert G. Hayden , Mary Ellen Warshauer , Heinz Kloss , Herve B. Lemaire & Chester C. Christian (eds.), Language loyalty in the United States (Bilingual-Bicultural Education in the United States), 34–50. The Hague: Mouton.
     [Google Scholar]
  147. Flores, Nelson & Mark Lewis
    2016 From truncated to sociopolitical emergence: A critique of super-diversity in sociolinguistics. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2016(241). 97–124. 10.1515/ijsl‑2016‑0024
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2016-0024 [Google Scholar]
  148. Fuchs, Robert & Ulrike Gut
    2015 An apparent time study of the progressive in Nigerian English. In Peter Collins (ed.), Grammatical change in English world-wide, 373–388. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/scl.67.15fuc
     https://doi.org/10.1075/scl.67.15fuc [Google Scholar]
  149. Gabrielatos, Costas & Paul Baker
    2008 Fleeing, sneaking, flooding: A corpus analysis of discursive constructions of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK Press 1996–2005. Journal of English Linguistics36(1). 5–38. 10.1177/0075424207311247
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424207311247 [Google Scholar]
  150. Gal, S.
    1989 Language and political economy. Annual Review of Anthropology18(1). 345–367. 10.1146/annurev.an.18.100189.002021
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.18.100189.002021 [Google Scholar]
  151. Gal, Susan
    2006 Contradictions of standard language in Europe: Implications for the study of practices and publics. Social Anthropology14(2). 163–181. 10.1111/j.1469‑8676.2006.tb00032.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2006.tb00032.x [Google Scholar]
  152. Gal, Susan & Judith T. Irvine
    2019 Signs of difference: Language and ideology in social life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108649209
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649209 [Google Scholar]
  153. Gambia Bureau of Statistics
    Gambia Bureau of Statistics 2013 Population and housing census: Migration analysis. Gambia Bureau of Statistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  154. García, Ofelia
    2006 Foreword: Intervening discourses, representations and conceptualizations of language. In Sinfree Makoni & Alastair Pennycook (eds.), Disinventing and reconstituting languages, xi–xv. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.2307/jj.27939678.4
     https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.27939678.4 [Google Scholar]
  155. García, Ofelia & Wei Li
    2014 Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education (Palgrave-Pivot). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137385765
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137385765 [Google Scholar]
  156. Gazzola, Michele & Bengt-Arne Wickström
    (eds.) 2016a The economics of language policy. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  157. 2016b Introduction. In Michele Gazzola & Bengt-Arne Wickström (eds.), The economics of language policy, 1–18. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.003.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.003.0001 [Google Scholar]
  158. Georgiou, Myria
    2018 Does the subaltern speak? Migrant voices in digital Europe. Popular Communication16(1). 45–57. 10.1080/15405702.2017.1412440
     https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2017.1412440 [Google Scholar]
  159. Georgiou, Myria & Rafal Zaborowski
    2017 Media coverage of the “refugee crisis”: A cross-European perspective. Council of Europe.
     [Google Scholar]
  160. Gibb, Robert & Anthony Good
    2014 Interpretation, translation and intercultural communication in refugee status determination procedures in the UK and France. Language and Intercultural Communication14(3). 385–399. 10.1080/14708477.2014.918314
     https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2014.918314 [Google Scholar]
  161. Gilroy, Paul
    1993 The black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness. London: Verso.
     [Google Scholar]
  162. Ginsburgh, Victor & Shlomo Weber
    (eds.) 2016 The Palgrave handbook of the economics and language (Palgrave Handbooks). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978‑1‑137‑32505‑1
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-32505-1 [Google Scholar]
  163. Glaser, Barney G. & Anselm L. Strauss
    1967 The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
     [Google Scholar]
  164. Goebel, Zane
    2010 Identity and social conduct in a transient multilingual setting. Language in Society39(2). 203–240. 10.1017/S0047404510000059
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404510000059 [Google Scholar]
  165. 2018 Reterritorialization and the construction of margins and centers through imitation in Indonesia. In Sjaak Kroon & Jos Swanenberg (eds.), Language and culture on the margins: Global/local interactions, 27–52. London: Routledge. 10.4324/9781351244350‑3
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351244350-3 [Google Scholar]
  166. Goffman, Erving
    1963 Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Eaglewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
     [Google Scholar]
  167. 1981 Forms of talk (Conduct and Communication Series). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  168. Goglia, Francesco
    2009 Communicative strategies in the Italian of Igbo-Nigerian immigrants in Italy: A contact-linguistic approach. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung62(3). 224–240. 10.1524/stuf.2009.0013
     https://doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2009.0013 [Google Scholar]
  169. 2021 Onward migration from Italy to the UK: Reshaped linguistic repertoires and the role of English. In Christiane Meierkord & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), World Englishes at the grassroots, 255–271. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467551.003.0012
     https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474467551.003.0012 [Google Scholar]
  170. Gogolin, Ingrid
    2015 Vervielfältigung von sprachlicher Vielfalt. Migration und Soziale Arbeit4. 292–298.
     [Google Scholar]
  171. Gonçalves, Bruno , Lucía Loureiro-Porto , José J. Ramasco & David Sánchez
    2018 Mapping the Americanization of English in space and time. PLOS ONE. Public Library of Science13(5). e0197741. 10.1371/journal.pone.0197741
     https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197741 [Google Scholar]
  172. Graber, Kathryn E.
    2015 On the disassembly line: Linguistic anthropology in 2014. American Anthropologist117(2). 350–363. 10.1111/aman.12232
     https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12232 [Google Scholar]
  173. Greenbaum, Sidney & Gerald Nelson
    1996 The International Corpus of English (ICE) project. World Englishes15(1). 3–15. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.1996.tb00088.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1996.tb00088.x [Google Scholar]
  174. Gumperz, John J.
    1982 Discourse strategies (Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics 1). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511611834
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611834 [Google Scholar]
  175. Gupta, Akhil
    1992 The Song of the nonaligned world: Transnational identities and the reinscription of space in Late Capitalism. Cultural Anthropology7(1). 63–79. 10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00050
     https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00050 [Google Scholar]
  176. Gupta, Akhil & James Ferguson
    1997 Anthropological locations: Boundaries and grounds of a field science. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  177. Gut, Ulrike
    2017 English in West Africa. In Markku Filppula , Juhani Klemola & Devyani Sharma (eds.), The Oxford handbook of World Englishes, 491–507. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  178. Gut, Ulrike B.
    2004 Nigerian English: Phonology. In Edgar W. Schneider , Kate Burridge , Bernd Kortmann , Rajend Mesthrie & Clive Upton (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: A multimedia reference tool, vol.1: Phonology, 813–830. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  179. Hackert, Stephanie , Alexander Laube & Diana Wengler
    2020 English in the Bahamas and developmental models of World Englishes: A critical analysis. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 251–273. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  180. Hannerz, Ulf
    1987 The world in creolisation. Africa57(4). 546–559. 10.2307/1159899
     https://doi.org/10.2307/1159899 [Google Scholar]
  181. Hänsel, Eva Canan & Philipp Meer
    2023 Comparing attitudes toward Caribbean, British, and American accents in Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, and the United States. World Englishes42(1). 130–149. 10.1111/weng.12618
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12618 [Google Scholar]
  182. Haust, Delia
    1995 Codeswitching in Gambia: Eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung von Mandinka, Wolof und Englisch in Kontakt. Cologne: Rüdiger Köpke.
     [Google Scholar]
  183. Hazel, Spencer
    2017 Mapping the langscape: Developing multilingual norms in a transient project community. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology27(3). 308–325. 10.1111/jola.12167
     https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12167 [Google Scholar]
  184. Heller, Monica
    2003 Globalization, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity. Journal of Sociolinguistics7(4). 473–492. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2003.00238.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2003.00238.x [Google Scholar]
  185. 2007 Bilingualism as ideology and practice. In Monica Heller (ed.), Bilingualism: A social approach (Palgrave Advances), 1–22. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9780230596047_1
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230596047_1 [Google Scholar]
  186. Heller, Monica & Bonnie S. McElhinny
    2017 Language, capitalism, colonialism: Toward a critical history. North York: University of Toronto Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  187. Herbert, Ulrich
    2001 Geschichte der Ausländerpolitik in Deutschland: Saisonarbeiter, Zwangsarbeiter, Gastarbeiter, Flüchtlinge. München: Beck.
     [Google Scholar]
  188. Heyd, Theresa
    2014 Doing race and ethnicity in a digital community: Lexical labels and narratives of belonging in a Nigerian web forum. Discourse, Context & Media4–5. 38–47. 10.1016/j.dcm.2013.11.002
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2013.11.002 [Google Scholar]
  189. Heyd, Theresa & Christian Mair
    2014 From vernacular to digital ethnolinguistic repertoire: The case of Nigerian Pidgin. In Veronique Lacoste , Jakob Leimgruber & Thiemo Breyer (eds.), Indexing authenticity (Linguae & Litterae 39), 244–268. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110347012.244
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110347012.244 [Google Scholar]
  190. Heyd, Theresa , Ferdinand Mengden & Britta Schneider
    (eds.) 2019 The sociolinguistic economy of Berlin. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9781501508103
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501508103 [Google Scholar]
  191. Hilgendorf, Suzanne K.
    2007 English in Germany: Contact, spread and attitudes. World Englishes26(2). 131–148. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.2007.00498.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2007.00498.x [Google Scholar]
  192. Hill, Jane H.
    1998 Language, race, and White public space. American Anthropologist100(3). 680–689. 10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.680
     https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.680 [Google Scholar]
  193. Hinrichs, Lars
    2006 Codeswitching on the web: English and Jamaican Creole in e-mail communication (Pragmatics & Beyond). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/pbns.147
     https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.147 [Google Scholar]
  194. 2014 Diasporic mixing of World Englishes: The case of Jamaican Creole in Toronto. In Eugene Green & Charles F. Meyer (eds.), The variability of current World Englishes, 169–198. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110352108.169
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110352108.169 [Google Scholar]
  195. 2015 Jan Blommaert. Ethnography, superdiversity and linguistic landscapes: Chronicles of complexity (book review). Journal of Sociolinguistics19(2). 260–265. 10.1111/josl.12113
     https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12113 [Google Scholar]
  196. Hinrichs, Lars & Jessica White-Sustaíta
    2011 Global Englishes and the sociolinguistics of spelling: A study of Jamaican blog and email writing. English World-Wide32(1). 46–73. 10.1075/eww.32.1.03hin
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.32.1.03hin [Google Scholar]
  197. Honkanen, Mirka
    2020 World Englishes on the web: The Nigerian diaspora in the United States (Varieties of English Around the World G63). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g63
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g63 [Google Scholar]
  198. Huber, Magnus
    2004 Ghanaian English: Phonology. In Edgar W. Schneider , Kate Burridge , Bernd Kortmann , Rajend Mesthrie & Clive Upton (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English: A multimedia reference tool, vol.1: Phonology, 842–865. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  199. Huber, Magnus & K. Dako
    2008 Ghanaian English: Morphology and syntax. In Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), Varieties of English, vol. 3: Africa. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  200. Hundt, Marianne
    2021 On models and modelling. World Englishes40(3). 298–317. 10.1111/weng.12467
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12467 [Google Scholar]
  201. Hundt, Marianne & Devyani Sharma
    (eds.) 2014 English in the Indian diaspora (Varieties of English Around the World G50). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g50
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g50 [Google Scholar]
  202. Hymes, Dell
    1974 Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach (Conduct and Communication Series). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  203. Igboanusi, Herbert
    2002 A dictionary of Nigerian English usage. Ibadan: Enicrownfit.
     [Google Scholar]
  204. Iikkanen, Päivi
    2019 ELF and migrant categorization at family clinics in Finland. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca8(1). 97–123. 10.1515/jelf‑2019‑2006
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2006 [Google Scholar]
  205. Inoue, Miyako
    2004 Introduction: Temporality and historicity in and through linguistic ideology. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology14(1). 1–5. 10.1525/jlin.2004.14.1.1
     https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.1.1 [Google Scholar]
  206. Integrationsbeauftragte
    Integrationsbeauftragte 2022 Mehr Teilhabe und Verständnis: Kurse zur Integration und Sprache. Die Beauftragte der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration. https://www.integrationsbeauftragte.de/ib-de/ich-moechte-mehr-wissen-ueber/integrations-und-sprachkurse. (08 May, 2024).
  207. Irvine, Judith T.
    1989 When talk isn’t cheap: Language and political economy. American Ethnologist16(2). 248–267. 10.1525/ae.1989.16.2.02a00040
     https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1989.16.2.02a00040 [Google Scholar]
  208. Irvine, Judith T. & Susan Gal
    2000 Language ideology and linguistic differentiation. In Paul V. Kroskrity (ed.), Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities,and identities, 35–84. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  209. Jacquemet, Marco
    2005 Transidiomatic practices: Language and power in the age of globalization. Language & Communication25(3). 257–277. 10.1016/j.langcom.2005.05.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2005.05.001 [Google Scholar]
  210. 2009 Transcribing refugees: The entextualization of asylum seekers’ hearings in a transidiomatic environment. Text & Talk29(5). 525–546. 10.1515/TEXT.2009.028
     https://doi.org/10.1515/TEXT.2009.028 [Google Scholar]
  211. 2011 Crosstalk 2.0: Asylum and communicative breakdowns. Text & Talk31(4). 475–498. 10.1515/text.2011.023
     https://doi.org/10.1515/text.2011.023 [Google Scholar]
  212. 2013 Transidioma and asylum: Gumperz’s legacy in intercultural institutional Talk. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology23(3). 199–212. 10.1111/jola.12027
     https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12027 [Google Scholar]
  213. 2015 Asylum and superdiversity: The search for denotational accuracy during asylum hearings. Language & Communication44. 72–81. 10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.016
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.016 [Google Scholar]
  214. 2019 Beyond the speech community: On belonging to a multilingual, diasporic, and digital social network. Language & Communication68. 46–56. 10.1016/j.langcom.2018.10.010
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2018.10.010 [Google Scholar]
  215. Jaspers, Jürgen
    2018 The transformative limits of translanguaging. Language & Communication58. 1–10. 10.1016/j.langcom.2017.12.001
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2017.12.001 [Google Scholar]
  216. Jenkins, Jennifer
    2015 Repositioning English and multilingualism in English as a Lingua Franca. Englishes in Practice2(3). 49–85. 10.1515/eip‑2015‑0003
     https://doi.org/10.1515/eip-2015-0003 [Google Scholar]
  217. Johnstone, Barbara
    2013 Speaking Pittsburghese: The story of a dialect. Oxford et al.: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945689.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199945689.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  218. Joseph, John E.
    2002 Is language a verb? Conceptual change in linguistics and language teaching. In Hugh Trappes-Lomax & Gibson Ferguson (eds.), Language Learning & Language Teaching, vol.4, 29–47. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/lllt.4.03jos
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.4.03jos [Google Scholar]
  219. Jowitt, David
    2019 Nigerian English (Dialects of English volume 18). Boston; Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9781501504600‑201
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501504600-201 [Google Scholar]
  220. Juffermans, Kasper & Caroline McGlynn
    2010 A sociolinguistic profile of The Gambia. Sociolinguistic Studies3(3). 329–355. 10.1558/sols.v3i3.329
     https://doi.org/10.1558/sols.v3i3.329 [Google Scholar]
  221. Juffermans, Kasper & Bernardino Tavares
    2019 Language and (im)mobility as a struggle: Cape Verdean trajectories into Luxembourg. In Kristine Horner & Jennifer Dailey-O’Cain (eds.), Multilingualism, (im)mobilities and spaces of belonging, 216–233. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781788925051‑014
     https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788925051-014 [Google Scholar]
  222. Juffermans, Kasper & Kirsten Van Camp
    2013 Engaging with voices: Ethnographic encounters with the Gambian language-in-education policy. Anthropology & Education Quarterly44(2). 142–160. 10.1111/aeq.12012
     https://doi.org/10.1111/aeq.12012 [Google Scholar]
  223. Juffermans, Kaspre
    2014 Englishing, imaging and local languaging in the Gambian linguistic landscape. In Kasper Juffermans , Yonas Mesfun Asfaha & Ashraf Abdelhay (eds.), African literacies: Ideologies, scripts, education, 206–236. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  224. Kachru, Braj
    1985 Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle. In Randolph Quirk & H. G. Widdowson (eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures, 11–30. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  225. Kachru, Braj B.
    1982 Models for non-native Englishes. In Braj B. Kachru (ed.), The other tongue: English across cultures, 31–57. Oxford: Pergamon.
     [Google Scholar]
  226. 1986 The alchemy of English: The spread, functions, and models of non-native Englishes (English in the Global Context). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  227. Kerswill, Paul & Heike Wiese
    (eds.) 2022 Urban contact dialects and language change: Insights from the global North and South (Routledge Studies in Language Change). New York; London: Routledge. 10.4324/9780429487958
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429487958 [Google Scholar]
  228. Kiesling, Scott
    2007 Men, masculinities, and language. Language and Linguistics Compass1(6). 653–673. 10.1111/j.1749‑818X.2007.00035.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00035.x [Google Scholar]
  229. Kirkpatrick, Andy & Neville Saunders
    2005 The intelligibility of Singapore English: A case study in an Australian university. In David Deterding , Adam Brown & Ee-Ling Low (eds.), English in Singapore: Phonetic research on a corpus, 153–162. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill.
     [Google Scholar]
  230. Kompetenzzentrum Fachkräftesicherung (KOFA)
    Kompetenzzentrum Fachkräftesicherung (KOFA) 2019 Fachkräfteengpässe in Unternehmen Fachkräftesicherung in Deutschland — diese Potenziale gibt es noch. Köln: Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln e. V.
     [Google Scholar]
  231. Koser, Khalid
    (ed.) 2003 New African diasporas (Global Diasporas). London; New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9780203414736
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203414736 [Google Scholar]
  232. Köster, Roman
    2011 Hugo Boss, 1924–1945: Die Geschichte einer Kleiderfabrik zwischen Weimarer Republik und “Drittem Reich” (Schriftenreihe zur Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte Bd. 23). München: Beck.
     [Google Scholar]
  233. Kotsinas, Ulla-Britt
    1988 Immigrant children’s Swedish — A new variety?Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development9(1–2). 129–140. 10.1080/01434632.1988.9994324
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.1988.9994324 [Google Scholar]
  234. Kramsch, Claire
    2020 Language as symbolic power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108869386
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108869386 [Google Scholar]
  235. Kretzschmar, William A.
    2014 Emergence of “new varieties” in speech as a complex system. In Sarah Buschfeld , Thomas Hoffmann , Magnus Huber & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), The evolution of Englishes: The dynamic model and beyond (Varieties of English around the World volume G49), 142–159. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g49.09kre
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g49.09kre [Google Scholar]
  236. Kroon, Sjaak & Adrianus Petrus Cornelis Swanenberg
    (eds.) 2020 Chronotopic identity work: Sociolinguistic analyses of cultural and linguistic phenomena in time and space (Encounters 18). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  237. Kroskrity, Paul V.
    (ed.) 2000 Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  238. Kulick, Don
    2005 The importance of what gets left out. Discourse Studies7(4–5). 615–624. 10.1177/1461445605054408
     https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445605054408 [Google Scholar]
  239. Kum, Henry
    2018 Refugee communities: The disappearance of voice and impact on care and identity. In David Evans (ed.), Language, identity and symbolic culture, 135–160. London et al.: Bloomsbury.
     [Google Scholar]
  240. Labade, Sachin , Claudia Lange & Sven Leuckert
    2020 English in India: Global aspirations, local identities at the grassroots. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 85–111. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  241. Labov, William
    1966 The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
     [Google Scholar]
  242. Lawson, Sarah & Adam Jaworski
    2007 Shopping and chatting: Reports of tourist–host interaction in The Gambia. Multilingua — Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication26(1). 67–93. 10.1515/MULTI.2007.003
     https://doi.org/10.1515/MULTI.2007.003 [Google Scholar]
  243. Le Page, Robert B. & Andrée Tabouret-Keller
    1985 Acts of identity: Creole-based approaches to language and ethnicity. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  244. Leconte, Fabienne
    2021 Die Diversifizierung afrikanischer Migrant*innen in Frankreich und die Entwicklung der Sprachpraktiken. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie98. 29–50.
     [Google Scholar]
  245. Lee, Jerry Won & Sender Dovchin
    (eds.) 2020 Translinguistics: Negotiating innovation and ordinariness. London; New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
     [Google Scholar]
  246. Leimgruber, Jakob R. E.
    2013 Singapore English: Structure, variation, and usage (Studies in English Language). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139225755
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139225755 [Google Scholar]
  247. Lempert, Michael
    2008 The poetics of stance: Text-metricality, epistemicity, interaction. Language in Society37(4). 569–592. 10.1017/S0047404508080779
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404508080779 [Google Scholar]
  248. Lentz, Carola
    2003 Afrikaner in Frankfurt — Migration, Netzwerke, Identitätspolitik. Ergebnisse einer Lehrforschung. Sociologus53. 43–80.
     [Google Scholar]
  249. Llamzon, Teodoro A.
    1986 Life cycle of New Englishes: Restriction phase of Filipino English. English World-Wide7(1). 101–125. 10.1075/eww.7.1.06lla
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.7.1.06lla [Google Scholar]
  250. Lønsmann, Dorte , Spencer Hazel & Hartmut Haberland
    2017 Introduction to special issue on transience: Emerging norms of language use. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology27(3). 264–270. 10.1111/jola.12168
     https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12168 [Google Scholar]
  251. Lopez, Qiuana La’teese
    2012 White bodies, black voices: The linguistic construction of racialized authenticity in US film. The University of Texas at Austin PhD Dissertation. https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5349
  252. Lucy, John A.
    (ed.) 1993 Reflexive language: Reported speech and metapragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511621031
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621031 [Google Scholar]
  253. Lugard, Frederick John Dealtry
    1970 Political memoranda revision of instructions to political officers on subjects chiefly political & administrative. 1913–1918. 3. ed.London: Frank Cass.
     [Google Scholar]
  254. Maas, Utz
    2008 Sprache und Sprachen in der Migrationsgesellschaft: die schriftkulturelle Dimension (Schriften des Instituts für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien (IMIS) der Universität Osnabrück 15). Göttingen: V & R Unipress.
     [Google Scholar]
  255. Mair, Christian
    2003a Language, code, and symbol: The changing roles of Jamaican Creole in diaspora communities. AAA: Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik28(2). 231–248.
     [Google Scholar]
  256. 2003b Kreolismen und verbales Identitätsmanagement im geschriebenen jamaikanischen Englisch. In Elisabeth Vogel , Antonia Napp & Wolfgang Lutterer (eds.), Zwischen Ausgrenzung und Hybridisierung: zur Konstruktion von Identitäten aus kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive (Identitäten und Alteritäten 14), 79–96. Würzburg: Ergon.
     [Google Scholar]
  257. 2013 The World System of Englishes: Accounting for the transnational importance of mobile and mediated vernaculars. English World-Wide34(3). 253–278. 10.1075/eww.34.3.01mai
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.34.3.01mai [Google Scholar]
  258. 2018a When all Englishes are everywhere: Media globalisation and its implications for digital corpora and World English studies. In Anne-Julia Zwierlein , Jochen Petzold , Katharina Boehm & Martin Decker (eds.), Anglistentag 2017 Regensburg: Proceedings, 83–90. Trier: WVT, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier.
     [Google Scholar]
  259. 2018b Stabilising domains of English-language use in Germany: Global English in a non-colonial languagescape. In Sandra C. Deshors (ed.), Modeling World Englishes: Assessing the interplay of emancipation and globalization of ESL varieties (Varieties of English Around the World G61), 45–75. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g61.03mai
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g61.03mai [Google Scholar]
  260. 2021 World Englishes: From methodological nationalism to a global perspective. In Theresa Heyd & Britta Schneider (eds.), The Bloomsbury Handbook of World Englishes. Vol 1: Paradigms, 27–45. Oxford: Bloomsbury. 10.5040/9781350065833.0008
     https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350065833.0008 [Google Scholar]
  261. 2022 Nigerian English in Germany. World Englishes41(2). 296–317. 10.1111/weng.12526
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12526 [Google Scholar]
  262. 2023 The study of World Englishes: Impulses from beyond linguistics. AAA: Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik48(1). 15–35. 10.24053/AAA‑2023‑0001
     https://doi.org/10.24053/AAA-2023-0001 [Google Scholar]
  263. Makoni, Sinfree
    2012 A critique of language, languaging, and superdiversity. Muitas Vozes1(2). 189–199. 10.5212/MuitasVozes.v.1i2.0003
     https://doi.org/10.5212/MuitasVozes.v.1i2.0003 [Google Scholar]
  264. Makoni, Sinfree B.
    2011 Sociolinguistics, colonial and postcolonial: an integrationist perspective. Language Sciences33(4). 680–688. 10.1016/j.langsci.2011.04.020
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2011.04.020 [Google Scholar]
  265. Malkki, Liisa H.
    1996 Speechless emissaries: Refugees, humanitarianism, and dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology11(3). 377–404. 10.1525/can.1996.11.3.02a00050
     https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1996.11.3.02a00050 [Google Scholar]
  266. Marcus, George E.
    1995 Ethnography in/of the World System: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology. Annual Reviews24. 95–117. 10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523 [Google Scholar]
  267. Markusen, Ann
    1996 Sticky places in slippery space: A typology of industrial districts. Economic Geography72(3). 293. 10.2307/144402
     https://doi.org/10.2307/144402 [Google Scholar]
  268. Maryns, Katrijn
    2000 English in Sierra Leone: A sociolinguistic investigation. Ghent: Studia Germanica Gandensia.
     [Google Scholar]
  269. 2014a The interdiscursive construction of irresponsibility as a defence strategy in the Belgian Assize Court. Language & Communication36. 25–36. 10.1016/j.langcom.2013.12.009
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2013.12.009 [Google Scholar]
  270. 2014b The asylum speaker: Language in the Belgian asylum procedure. New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315760285
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760285 [Google Scholar]
  271. 2016 The Belgian asylum interview: The implications of lingua franca English usage. Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire123. 113–126. 10.4000/temoigner.5265
     https://doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.5265 [Google Scholar]
  272. Matthias, Mia & Renée Blake
    2015 “Black Twitter”: AAE lexical innovation, appropriation, and change in computer-mediated discourse. Presented at theNew Ways of Analyzing Variation (NWAV) 44, Toronto, Ontario.
     [Google Scholar]
  273. Mauranen, Anna
    2018 Second language acquisition, world Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). World Englishes37(1). 106–119. 10.1111/weng.12306
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12306 [Google Scholar]
  274. May, Stephen
    2016 Globalization, language(s), and mobility. In Michele Gazzola & Bengt-Arne Wickström (eds.), The economics of language policy, 383–401. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press. 10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.003.0013
     https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034708.003.0013 [Google Scholar]
  275. Mbangwana, P.
    2008 Cameroonian English: Morphology and syntax. In Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), Varieties of English, vol. 3: Africa. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  276. McArthur, Tom
    (ed.) 1998 Concise Oxford companion to the English language (Oxford Paperback Reference). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  277. 2003 World English, Euro-English, Nordic English?English Today19(1). 54–58. 10.1017/S026607840300107X
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S026607840300107X [Google Scholar]
  278. McElreath, Richard
    2020 Statistical rethinking: A Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan (CRC Texts in Statistical Science). 2nd ed.Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis, CRC Press. 10.1201/9780429029608
     https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429029608 [Google Scholar]
  279. Mediendienst Integration
    Mediendienst Integration 2022 Asylrecht | Flucht & Asyl | Zahlen und Fakten | MDI. Mediendienst Integration. https://mediendienst-integration.de/migration/flucht-asyl/asylrecht.html. (08 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  280. Meer, Philipp & Dagmar Deuber
    2020 Standard English in Trinidad: Multinormativity, translocality, and implications for the Dynamic Model and the EIF Model. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 274–297. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0013
     https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0013 [Google Scholar]
  281. Meierkord, Christiane
    2012 Interactions across Englishes: Linguistic choices in local and international contact situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139026703
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139026703 [Google Scholar]
  282. Mendoza-Denton, Norma
    2008 Homegirls: Language and cultural practice among Latina youth gangs (New Directions in Ethnography 2). Malden: Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470693728
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470693728 [Google Scholar]
  283. Mesthrie, Rajend
    2008 English circling the globe. English Today24(1). 28–32. 10.1017/S0266078408000072
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078408000072 [Google Scholar]
  284. Mesthrie, Rajend & Rakesh M. Bhatt
    2008 World Englishes: The study of new linguistic varieties. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511791321
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511791321 [Google Scholar]
  285. Meyerhoff, Miriam & Nancy Niedzielski
    2003 The globalisation of vernacular variation. Journal of Sociolinguistics7(4). 534–555. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2003.00241.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2003.00241.x [Google Scholar]
  286. Miller, Elisabeth R.
    2012 Agency, language learning, and multilingual spaces. Multilingua31(4). 10.1515/multi‑2012‑0020
     https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2012-0020 [Google Scholar]
  287. Miller, Elizabeth R.
    2010 Agency in the Making: Adult immigrants’ accounts of language learning and work. TESOL Quarterly44(3). 465–487. 10.5054/tq.2010.226854
     https://doi.org/10.5054/tq.2010.226854 [Google Scholar]
  288. Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy
    1985 Authority in language: Investigating language prescription and standardisation (Language, Education and Society). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 10.4324/9780203267424
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203267424 [Google Scholar]
  289. Mocanu, Vasilica
    2022 English as a lingua franca and European identity: Parallelisms in their development. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca11(1). 25–41. 10.1515/jelf‑2022‑2074
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2022-2074 [Google Scholar]
  290. Moll, Andrea
    2015 Jamaican Creole goes web: Sociolinguistic styling and authenticity in a digital “yaad” (Creole Language Library 49). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/cll.49
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cll.49 [Google Scholar]
  291. Mollin, Sandra
    2006 Euro-English: Assessing variety status (Language in Performance 33). Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
     [Google Scholar]
  292. Moore, Robert
    2015 From revolutionary monolingualism to reactionary multilingualism: Top-down discourses of linguistic diversity in Europe, 1794-present. Language & Communication44. 19–30. 10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.014
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.014 [Google Scholar]
  293. Morán Panero, Sonia
    2019 “It’s more fashionable to speak it badly”: Indexicality and metasemiotic awareness among users of English from the Spanish-speaking world. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca8(2). 297–332. 10.1515/jelf‑2019‑2021
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2021 [Google Scholar]
  294. Mortensen, Janus
    2013 Notes on English used as a lingua franca as an object of study. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca2(1). 25–46. 10.1515/jelf‑2013‑0002
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2013-0002 [Google Scholar]
  295. 2017 Transient multilingual communities as a field of investigation: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology27(3). 271–288. 10.1111/jola.12170
     https://doi.org/10.1111/jola.12170 [Google Scholar]
  296. Mortensen, Janus , Nikolas Coupland & Jacob Thøgersen
    (eds.) 2017 Style, mediation, and change: Sociolinguistic perspectives on talking media (Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190629489.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190629489.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  297. Mortensen, Janus & Spencer Hazel
    2017 Lending bureaucracy voice: Negotiating English in institutional encounters. In Markku Filppula , Juhani Klemola , Anna Mauranen & Svetlana Vetchinnikova (eds.), Changing English: Global and local perspectives (Topics in English Linguistics 92), 255–276. Berlin; Boston: de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110429657‑014
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110429657-014 [Google Scholar]
  298. Mufwene, Salikoko S.
    1997 The legitimate and illegitimate offspring of English. In Larry E. Smith & Michael L. Forman (eds.), World Englishes 2000, 182–203. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  299. 2023 pidgin. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/pidgin.
     [Google Scholar]
  300. Mukherjee, Joybrato
    2007 Steady states in the evolution of New Englishes: Present-day Indian English as an equilibrium. Journal of English Linguistics35(2). 157–187. 10.1177/0075424207301888
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424207301888 [Google Scholar]
  301. Mwakikagile, Godfrey
    2010 The Gambia and its people: Ethnic identities and cultural integration in Africa. Dar es Salaam: Continental Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  302. Myers, Greg
    2006 “Where are you from?”: Identifying place. Journal of Sociolinguistics10(3). 320–343. 10.1111/j.1360‑6441.2006.00330.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-6441.2006.00330.x [Google Scholar]
  303. Myers-Scotton, Carol
    1993 Duelling languages: Grammatical structure in codeswitching. New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780198240594.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198240594.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  304. Nagel, Thomas
    1989 The view from nowhere. New York; London: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  305. Ndhlovu, Finex
    2016 A decolonial critique of diaspora identity theories and the notion of superdiversity. Diaspora Studies9(1). 28–40. 10.1080/09739572.2015.1088612
     https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2015.1088612 [Google Scholar]
  306. Neuhausen, Miriam
    2023 Understanding, collecting, and presenting data in New Englishes research: Insights from ethnographic fieldwork in an Old Order Mennonite community. In Guyanne Wilson & Michael Westphal (eds.), New Englishes, new methods (Varieties of English around the World G68), 222–242. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g68.11neu
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.11neu [Google Scholar]
  307. Northrup, David
    2013 How English became the global language. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1057/9781137303073
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137303073 [Google Scholar]
  308. Nortier, Jacomine & Margreet Dorleijn
    2008 A Moroccan accent in Dutch: A sociocultural style restricted to the Moroccan community?International Journal of Bilingualism12(1–2). 125–142. 10.1177/13670069080120010801
     https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069080120010801 [Google Scholar]
  309. Okpewho, Isidore & Nkiru Nzegwu
    2009 The new African diaspora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 10.2979/5626.0
     https://doi.org/10.2979/5626.0 [Google Scholar]
  310. Otheguy, Ricardo , Ofelia García & Wallis Reid
    2015 Clarifying translanguaging and deconstructing named languages: A perspective from linguistics. Applied Linguistics Review6(3). 281–307. 10.1515/applirev‑2015‑0014
     https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0014 [Google Scholar]
  311. Park, Joseph Sung-Yul
    2009 The local construction of a global language: Ideologies of English in South Korea. Mouton de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110214079
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214079 [Google Scholar]
  312. Park, Joseph Sung-Yul & Lionel Wee
    2012 Markets of English: Linguistic capital and language policy in a globalizing world (Routledge Studies in Sociolinguistics 5). New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  313. Parker, Samuel
    2015 ‘Unwanted invaders’: The representation of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK and Australian print media. Myth & Nation23. 1–21.
     [Google Scholar]
  314. Parkin, David
    2012 From multilingual classification to translingual ontology: Concluding commentary. Diversities14(2). 71–83.
     [Google Scholar]
  315. Parkin, David & Karel Arnaut
    2014 Super-diversity and sociolinguistics: A digest. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies95. 1–6.
     [Google Scholar]
  316. Patrick, Peter L.
    2003 Creole, community, identity. AAA: Arbeiten aus Anglistik und Amerikanistik28(2). 249–277.
     [Google Scholar]
  317. Patrick, Peter L. & Esther Figueroa
    2002 Kiss-teeth. American Speech77(4). 383–397. 10.1215/00031283‑77‑4‑383
     https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-77-4-383 [Google Scholar]
  318. Patrick, Peter L. & Bonnie McElhinny
    1993 Speakin’ and spokin’ in Jamaica: Conflict and consensus in sociolinguistics. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society19(1). 280. 10.3765/bls.v19i1.1521
     https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v19i1.1521 [Google Scholar]
  319. Pavlenko, Aneta
    2007 Autobiographic narratives as data in applied linguistics. Applied Linguistics28(2). 163–188. 10.1093/applin/amm008
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amm008 [Google Scholar]
  320. 2019 Superdiversity and why it isn’t: Reflections on terminological innovation and academic branding. In Barbara Schmenk , Stephan Breidbach & Lutz Küster (eds.), Sloganization in language education discourse: Conceptual thinking in the age of academic marketization, 142–168. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  321. Peirce, Charles Sanders & Justus Buchler
    1955 Philosophical writings of Peirce. New York: Dover publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  322. Pennycook, Alastair
    2007 Global Englishes and transcultural flows. London; New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  323. 2012 Unexpected places: Language and mobility (Critical Language and Literacy Studies). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
     [Google Scholar]
  324. Pennycook, Alastair & Emi Otsuji
    2014 Metrolingual multitasking and spatial repertoires: ‘Pizza mo two minutes coming.’Journal of Sociolinguistics18(2). 161–184. 10.1111/josl.12079
     https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12079 [Google Scholar]
  325. 2015 Metrolingualism: Language in the city. London; New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis. 10.4324/9781315724225
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315724225 [Google Scholar]
  326. Perrino, Sabina
    2011 Chronotopes of story and storytelling event in interviews. Language in Society40(1). 91–103. 10.1017/S0047404510000916
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404510000916 [Google Scholar]
  327. Peter, Lothar & Hans-Georg Wolf
    2003 Aku in The Gambia: Terminological problems, functional distribution and popular attitude. In Peter Lucko , Lothar Peter & Hans-Georg Wolf (eds.), Studies in African varieties of English, 119–127. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  328. Peter, Lothar , Hans-Georg Wolf & Augustin Simo Bobda
    2003 An account of distinctive phonetic and lexical features of Gambian English. English World-Wide24(1). 43–61. 10.1075/eww.24.1.04pet
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.1.04pet [Google Scholar]
  329. Peters, Pam
    2009 Australian English as a regional epicentre. In Thomas Hoffmann & Lucia Siebers (eds.), World Englishes — Problems, properties and prospects: Selected papers from the 13th IAWE conference (Varieties of English around the World 40), 107–124. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g40.09pet
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g40.09pet [Google Scholar]
  330. Peters, Pam & Tobias Bernaisch
    2022 The current state of research into linguistic epicentres. World Englishes41(3). 320–332. 10.1111/weng.12581
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12581 [Google Scholar]
  331. Pitzl, Marie-Luise
    2018 Transient international groups (TIGs): Exploring the group and development dimension of ELF. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca7(1). 25–58. 10.1515/jelf‑2018‑0002
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2018-0002 [Google Scholar]
  332. 2022 Multilingual creativity and emerging norms in interaction: Towards a methodology for micro-diachronic analysis. In Janus Mortensen & Kamilla Kraft (eds.), Norms and the study of language in social life, 125–156. Berlin: De Gruyter. 10.1515/9781501511882‑006
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501511882-006 [Google Scholar]
  333. Pollard, Velma
    2000 Dread talk: The language of rastafari. Rev. ed.Barbados: Canoe Press. 10.1515/9780773568280
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9780773568280 [Google Scholar]
  334. Pomerantz, Anita
    1984 Agreeing and disagreeing wit assessments: Some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shape. In J. Maxwell Atkinson & John Heritage (eds.), Structures of social action: Studies in conversation analysis (Studies in Emotion and Social Interaction), 57–101. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  335. Prator, Clifford
    1968 The British heresy in TESL. In Joshua A. Fishman , Charles A. Ferguson & Jyotirindra Das Gubta (eds.), Language problems of developing nations, 459–476. New York: Wiley.
     [Google Scholar]
  336. Pratt, Mary Louise
    1987 Linguistic utopias. In Nigel Fabb , Derek Attridge , Allan Durant & Collin MacCabe (eds.), The Linguistics of writing: Arguments between language and literature. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  337. 1991 Arts of the contact zone. Profession. Modern Language Association33–40.
     [Google Scholar]
  338. 2011 Comparative literature and the global languagescape. In Ali Behdad & Dominic Thomas (eds.), A companion to comparative literature, 273–295. Hoboken: Wiley. 10.1002/9781444342789.ch18
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444342789.ch18 [Google Scholar]
  339. Preisler, Bent
    2003 English in Danish and the Danes’ English. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2003(159). 10.1515/ijsl.2003.001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.2003.001 [Google Scholar]
  340. Quarcoo, Emmanuel
    1994 The English language as a modern Ghanaian artifact. Journal of Black Studies24(3). 329–343. 10.1177/002193479402400307
     https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479402400307 [Google Scholar]
  341. Quirk, Randolph
    1985 The English language in a global context. In Randolph Quirk & H. G. Widdowson (eds.), English in the world: Teaching and learning the language and literatures, 1–6. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  342. Quist, Pia
    2000 Ny københavnsk ‘multietnolekt’: Om sprogbrug blandt unge i sprogligt og kulturelt heterogene miljøer. Danske Talesprog1. 143–212.
     [Google Scholar]
  343. Raley, Rita
    2003 Machine translation and global English. The Yale Journal of Criticism16(2). 291–313. 10.1353/yale.2003.0022
     https://doi.org/10.1353/yale.2003.0022 [Google Scholar]
  344. Rampton, Ben
    1995 Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. Milton Park: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  345. Rampton, Ben , Jan Blommaert , Karel Arnaut & Massimiliano Spotti
    2015 Superdiversity and language. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies152. 1–13.
     [Google Scholar]
  346. Rampton, Ben , Mel Cooke & Sam Holmes
    2018 Sociolinguistic citizenship. JSSE — Journal of Social Science Education. JSSE — Journal of Social Science Education17(4). 10.4119/JSSE‑1097
     https://doi.org/10.4119/JSSE-1097 [Google Scholar]
  347. Regnoli, Giuliana
    2023 Mixed methods in the mapping of accent perceptions in Indian varieties of English. In Guyanne Wilson & Michael Westphal (eds.), New Englishes, new methods (Varieties of English around the World G68), 178–200. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g68.09reg
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.09reg [Google Scholar]
  348. Reimer, Peter
    2021 Familiäre Sprachregimes von Migrant*innen aus der Republik Kongo in Frankreich. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie98. 101–127.
     [Google Scholar]
  349. Reyes, Angela
    2014 Linguistic anthropology in 2013: Super-New-Big: Year in review: Linguistic anthropology. American Anthropologist116(2). 366–378. 10.1111/aman.12109
     https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12109 [Google Scholar]
  350. Ricento, Thomas
    (ed.) 2015 Language policy and political economy: English in a global context. Oxford et al.: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199363391.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199363391.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  351. Richmond, Edmun B.
    1989 African English expressions in The Gambia. World Englishes8(2). 223–228. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.1989.tb00657.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.1989.tb00657.x [Google Scholar]
  352. Riecke, Günter
    2014 Qualitätsmanagement und prekäre Beschäftigung in den Integrationskursen des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge. Nordersted: GRIN Verlag.
     [Google Scholar]
  353. Rooy, Bertus van
    2024 World Englishes: The local lives of a global language (Edinburgh Textbooks on the English Language — Advanced). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  354. Rubdy, Rani & Mario Saraceni
    2006 Introduction. In Rani Rubdy & Mario Saraceni (eds.), English in the world: global rules, global roles, 5–20. London; New York: Continuum.
     [Google Scholar]
  355. Saville-Troike, Muriel
    2003 The ethnography of communication: An introduction (Language in Society 3). 3rd ed.Malden: Blackwell. 10.1002/9780470758373
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470758373 [Google Scholar]
  356. Scharlau, Birgit
    2003 Die Romania beginnt am Grüneburgplatz — Elemente einer postnationalen Romanistik. In Jürgen Erfurt , Gabriele Budach & Sabine Hofmann (eds.), Mehrsprachigkeit und Migration: Ressourcen sozialer Identifikation (Sprache, Mehrsprachigkeit Und Sozialer Wandel Bd. 2), 23–33. Frankfurt am Main; New York: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  357. Schieffelin, Bambi B. , Kathryn A. Woolard & Paul V. Kroskrity
    (eds.) 1998 Language ideologies: Practice and theory (Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics 16). New York: Oxford Univ. Press. 10.1093/oso/9780195105612.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105612.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  358. Schilling-Estes, Natalie
    1998 Investigating “self-conscious” speech: The performance register in Ocracoke English. Language in Society27(1). 53–83. 10.1017/S0047404500019722
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500019722 [Google Scholar]
  359. Schleef, Erik
    2019 Identity and indexicality in the study of World Englishes. In Daniel Schreier , Marianne Hundt & Edgar W. Schneider (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of World Englishes, 609–632. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108349406.026
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108349406.026 [Google Scholar]
  360. Schmalz, Mirjam
    2023 Mapping perceptions in New Englishes: A case study from St Kitts. In Guyanne Wilson & Michael Westphal (eds.), New Englishes, new methods (Varieties of English around the World G68), 201–220. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g68.10sch
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.10sch [Google Scholar]
  361. Schneider, Britta
    2019 Liquid languages: Polymorphous acts of identity and the fluidity of language categories in linguistically complex Belize. Frankfurt (Oder): Europa-Universität Viadrina Habilitation thesis.
     [Google Scholar]
  362. Schneider, Edgar W.
    2003 The dynamics of New Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth. Language79(2). 233–281. 10.1353/lan.2003.0136
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0136 [Google Scholar]
  363. 2007 Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world (Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact). Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511618901
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618901 [Google Scholar]
  364. 2014 New reflections on the evolutionary dynamics of world Englishes. World Englishes33(1). 9–32. 10.1111/weng.12069
     https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12069 [Google Scholar]
  365. 2016 World Englishes and English as a lingua franca: Relationships and interfaces. In Marie-Luise Pitzl & Ruth Osimk-Teasdale (eds.), English as a lingua franca: Perspectives and prospects: Contributions in honour of Barbara Seidlhofer (Trends in Applied Linguistics volume 24), 105–114. Boston; Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9781501503177‑017
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501503177-017 [Google Scholar]
  366. 2020 English in North America: Accounting for its evolution. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 228–250. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  367. Schoonen, Rob & René Appel
    2005 Street language: A multilingual youth register in the Netherlands. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development26(2). 85–117. 10.1080/01434630508668399
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01434630508668399 [Google Scholar]
  368. Schröder, Anne & Frederic Zähres
    2020 English in Namibia: Multilingualism and ethnic variation in the Extra- and Intra-territorial Forces Model. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 38–62. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0003
     https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474445863.003.0003 [Google Scholar]
  369. Seargeant, Philip
    2010 Naming and defining in World Englishes. World Englishes29(1). 97–113. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.2009.01627.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2009.01627.x [Google Scholar]
  370. Seargeant, Philip , Elizabeth J. Erling , Mike Solly & Qumrul Hasan Chowdhury
    2017 The communicative needs of Bangladeshi economic migrants: The functional values of host country languages versus English as a lingua franca. Journal of English as a Lingua Franca6(1). 141–165. 10.1515/jelf‑2017‑0008
     https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2017-0008 [Google Scholar]
  371. Seargeant, Philip & Caroline Tagg
    2011 English on the internet and a ‘post-varieties’ approach to language. World Englishes30(4). 496–514. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.2011.01730.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2011.01730.x [Google Scholar]
  372. Sebba, Mark
    1993 London Jamaican: Language systems in interaction (Real Language Series). London: Longman.
     [Google Scholar]
  373. Seidlhofer, Barbara
    2009 Common ground and different realities: World Englishes and English as a lingua franca. World Englishes28(2). 236–245. 10.1111/j.1467‑971X.2009.01592.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2009.01592.x [Google Scholar]
  374. Sharma, Devyani
    2017 Scalar effects of social networks on language variation. Language Variation and Change29(3). 393–418. 10.1017/S0954394517000205
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394517000205 [Google Scholar]
  375. Shohamy, Elana , Eliezer Ben-Rafael & Monica Barni
    (eds.) 2010 Linguistic landscape in the city. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. 10.21832/9781847692993
     https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847692993 [Google Scholar]
  376. Siebetcheu, Raymond
    2021 Les langues camerounaises en Italie. Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie98. 75–99.
     [Google Scholar]
  377. Silverstein, Michael
    1979 Language structure and linguistic ideology. In Paul R. Clyne , William F. Hanks & Carol L. Hofbauer (eds.), The elements: A parasession on linguistic units and levels, April 20–21, 1979, 193–247. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
     [Google Scholar]
  378. 1985 Language and the culture of gender: At the intersection of structure, usage, and ideology. In Elizabeth Mertz & Richard Parmentier (eds.), Semiotic mediation: Sociocultural and psychological perspectives, 219–259. Orlando: Academic Press. 10.1016/B978‑0‑12‑491280‑9.50016‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-491280-9.50016-9 [Google Scholar]
  379. 1993 Metapragmatic discourse and metapragmatic function. In John Arthur Lucy (ed.), Reflexive language: Reported speech and metapragmatics, 33–58. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511621031.004
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621031.004 [Google Scholar]
  380. 1996 Monoglot “standard” in America: Standardization and metaphors of linguistic hegemony. In Donald Lawrence Brenneis & Ronald K. S. Macaulay (eds.), The matrix of language: Contemporary linguistic anthropology, 284–306. Boulder: Westview Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  381. 2003 Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life. Language & Communication (Words and Beyond: Linguistic and Semiotic Studies of Sociocultural Order) 23(3–4). 193–229. 10.1016/S0271‑5309(03)00013‑2
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5309(03)00013-2 [Google Scholar]
  382. 2005 The Poetics of politics: “Theirs” and “ours.”Journal of Anthropological Research61(1). 1–24. 10.3998/jar.0521004.0061.101
     https://doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0061.101 [Google Scholar]
  383. 2006 Old wine, new ethnographic lexicography. Annual Review of Anthropology35(1). 481–496. 10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123327
     https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123327 [Google Scholar]
  384. 2015 How language communities intersect: Is “superdiversity” an incremental or transformative condition?Language & Communication44. 7–18. 10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.015
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2014.10.015 [Google Scholar]
  385. Simo Bobda, Augustin
    2003 The formation of regional and national features in African English pronunciation: An exploration of some non-interference factors. English World-Wide24(1). 17–42. 10.1075/eww.24.1.03sim
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.1.03sim [Google Scholar]
  386. Simo Bobda, Augustin , Hans-Georg Wolf & Lothar Peter
    1999 Identifying regional and national origin of English-speaking Africans seeking asylum in Germany. Forensic Linguistics6(2). 300–319. 10.1558/sll.1999.6.2.300
     https://doi.org/10.1558/sll.1999.6.2.300 [Google Scholar]
  387. Smith-Khan, Laura
    2017 Telling stories: Credibility and the representation of social actors in Australian asylum appeals. Discourse & Society28(5). 512–534. 10.1177/0957926517710989
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926517710989 [Google Scholar]
  388. Spitulnik, Debra
    1998 Mediating unity and diversity: The production of language ideologies in Zambian broadcasting. In Bambi B. Schieffelin , Kathryn A. Woolard & Paul V. Kroskrity (eds.), Language ideologies: Practice and theory, 163–188. New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780195105612.003.0008
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105612.003.0008 [Google Scholar]
  389. Spradley, James P.
    2016 The ethnographic interview. Long Grove: Waveland Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  390. Stevenson, Patrick
    2017 Language and migration in a multilingual metropolis: Berlin lives. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑40606‑0
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40606-0 [Google Scholar]
  391. Storch, Anne , Nico Nassenstein , Angelika Mietzner & Axel Fleisch
    2020 Bewegung in viele Richtungen: Eine Einladung zur kritischen Afrikanistik. The Mouth. Critical Studies on Language, Culture and SocietySpecial Issue4. 7–26.
     [Google Scholar]
  392. Strevens, Peter
    1980 Teaching English as an international language. Oxford: Pergamon.
     [Google Scholar]
  393. Svendsen, Bente A. & Stefania Marzo
    2015 A ‘new’ speech style is born: The omnipresence of structure and agency in the life of semiotic registers in heterogeneous urban spaces. European Journal of Applied Linguistics3(1). 47–85. 10.1515/eujal‑2015‑0008
     https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0008 [Google Scholar]
  394. Swaan, Abram de
    2001 Words of the world: The Global Language System. Cambridge: Polity.
     [Google Scholar]
  395. 2020 The unequal exchange of texts in the World Language System. In Cécile B. Vigouroux & Salikoko S. Mufwene (eds.), Bridging linguistics and economics, 203–223. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108783101.009
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108783101.009 [Google Scholar]
  396. Swift, Kelsey
    2022 ‘The good English’: The ideological construction of the target language in adult ESOL. Language in Society51(2). 309–331. 10.1017/S0047404521000427
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404521000427 [Google Scholar]
  397. Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt , Jason Grafmiller & Laura Rosseel
    2019 Variation-based distance and similarity modeling: A case study in World Englishes. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers 2. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frai.2019.00023/full. 10.3389/frai.2019.00023
     https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2019.00023 [Google Scholar]
  398. Szmrecsanyi, Benedikt & Bernd Kortmann
    2009 Vernacular universals and angloversals in a typological perspective. In Markku Filppula , Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto (eds.), Vernacular universals and language contacts: Evidence from varieties of English and beyond (Routledge Studies in Germanic Linguistics 14), 33–53. New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  399. Tan, Rachel Siew Kuang & Ee-Ling Low
    2010 How different are the monophthongs of Malay speakers of Malaysian and Singapore English?English World-Wide31(2). 162–189. 10.1075/eww.31.2.03tan
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.2.03tan [Google Scholar]
  400. Telep, Suzie
    2021 Performing Whiteness, troubling Blackness: Afropolitanism and the visual politics of Black bodies in YouTube videos. Signs and Society9(2). 234–262. 10.1086/714423
     https://doi.org/10.1086/714423 [Google Scholar]
  401. Thomason, Sarah Grey & Terrence Kaufman
    1988 Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics (Anthropology Linguistics). Berkeley: University of California Press. 10.1525/9780520912793
     https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520912793 [Google Scholar]
  402. Thusat, Joshua , Emily Anderson , Shante Davis , Mike Ferris , Amber Javed , Angela Laughlin , Christopher McFarland ,
    2009 Maltese English and the nativization phase of the dynamic model. English Today25(2). 25–32. 10.1017/S0266078409000157
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078409000157 [Google Scholar]
  403. Tissot, Anna , Johannes Croisier , Giuseppe Pietrantuono , Andreea Baier , Lars Ninke , Nina Rother & Christian Babka von Gostomski
    2019 Zwischenbericht I zum Forschungsprojekt „Evaluation der Integrationskurse (EvIk)“. Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge.
     [Google Scholar]
  404. Trudgill, Peter
    2008 Colonial dialect contact in the history of European languages: On the irrelevance of identity to new-dialect formation. Language in Society37(2). 241–254. 10.1017/S0047404508080287
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404508080287 [Google Scholar]
  405. Tusting, Karin
    (ed.) 2020 The Routledge handbook of linguistic ethnography (Routledge Handbooks in Applied Linguistics). London; New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
     [Google Scholar]
  406. Udofot, Inyang
    2010 The English language and politics in Nigeria. Journal of the Nigeria English Studies Association of Nigeria13(1). 5–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  407. Ugwuanyi, Kingsley O.
    2023 Acceptability judgement tasks in New Englishes research: Focus on acrolectal Nigerian English. In Guyanne Wilson & Michael Westphal (eds.), New Englishes, new methods (Varieties of English around the World G68), 158–177. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/veaw.g68.08ugw
     https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g68.08ugw [Google Scholar]
  408. Uitermark, Justus
    2002 Re-scaling, ‘scale fragmentation’ and the regulation of antagonistic relationships. Progress in Human Geography26(6). 743–765. 10.1191/0309132502ph401oa
     https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132502ph401oa [Google Scholar]
  409. Unuabonah, Foluke Olayinka , Adebola Adebileje , Rotimi Olanrele Oladipupo , Bernard Fyanka , Mba Odim & Oluwateniola Kupolati
    2022 Introducing the Historical Corpus of English in Nigeria (HiCE–Nig): A database for investigating diachronic linguistic changes in Nigerian English. English Today38(3). 178–184. 10.1017/S0266078422000037
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078422000037 [Google Scholar]
  410. Urciuoli, Bonnie
    2009 Talking/not talking about Race: The enregisterments of culture in higher education discourses. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology19(1). 21–39. 10.1111/j.1548‑1395.2009.01017.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01017.x [Google Scholar]
  411. Varis, Pia & Xuan Wang
    2015 Superdiversity on the Internet: A case from China. In Karel Arnaut , Jan Blommaert , Ben Rampton & Massimiliano Spotti (eds.), Language and Superdiversity, 218–236. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  412. Vertovec, Steven
    2007 Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and Racial Studies30(6). 1024–1054. 10.1080/01419870701599465
     https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870701599465 [Google Scholar]
  413. Vettorel, Paola
    2021 World Englishes, English as a Lingua Franca and ELT. In Hassan Mohebbi & Christine Coombe (eds.), Research questions in language education and applied linguistics (Springer Texts in Education), 183–186. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 10.1007/978‑3‑030‑79143‑8_34
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79143-8_34 [Google Scholar]
  414. Vigouroux, Cécile B.
    2009 A relational understanding of language practice: Interacting timespaces in a single ethnographic site. In James Collins , Stef Slembrouck & Mike Baynham (eds.), Globalization and language in contact: Scale, migration, and communicative practices (Advances in Sociolinguistics), 62–84. London: Continuum.
     [Google Scholar]
  415. Vigouroux, Cécile B. & Salikoko S. Mufwene
    (eds.) 2020 Bridging linguistics and economics. New York: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781108783101
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108783101 [Google Scholar]
  416. Wallace, Rebecca
    2018 Contextualizing the crisis: The framing of Syrian refugees in Canadian print media. Canadian Journal of Political Science51(2). 207–231. 10.1017/S0008423917001482
     https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423917001482 [Google Scholar]
  417. Wallerstein, Immanuel
    1998 The time of space and the space of time: The future of social science. Political Geography17(1). 71–82. 10.1016/S0962‑6298(96)00097‑2
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(96)00097-2 [Google Scholar]
  418. Wee, Lionel
    2020 English in Singapore: Two issues for the EIF Model. In Sarah Buschfeld & Alexander Kautzsch (eds.), Modelling world Englishes: A joint approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial varieties, 112–132. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  419. Wei, Li
    2018 Translanguaging as a practical theory of anguage. Applied Linguistics39(1). 9–30. 10.1093/applin/amx039
     https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx039 [Google Scholar]
  420. Werner, Valentin
    2013 Temporal adverbials and the present perfect/past tense alternation. English World-Wide34(2). 202–240. 10.1075/eww.34.2.04wer
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.34.2.04wer [Google Scholar]
  421. (ed.) 2018 The language of pop culture (Routledge Studies in Linguistics 17). New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315168210
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315168210 [Google Scholar]
  422. Weston, Daniel
    2011 Gibraltar’s position in the Dynamic Model of postcolonial English. English World-Wide32(3). 338–367. 10.1075/eww.32.3.04wes
     https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.32.3.04wes [Google Scholar]
  423. Westphal, Michael
    2015 Attitudes toward accents of Standard English in Jamaican radio newscasting. Journal of English Linguistics43(4). 311–333. 10.1177/0075424215607327
     https://doi.org/10.1177/0075424215607327 [Google Scholar]
  424. 2018 Pop culture and the globalization of non-standard varieties of English: Jamaican Creole in German reggae subculture. In Valentin Werner (ed.), The language of pop culture, 95–115. London, New York: Routledge. 10.4324/9781315168210‑5
     https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315168210-5 [Google Scholar]
  425. Westphal, Michael & Lisa Jansen
    2021 English in global pop music. In Mario Saraceni , Britta Schneider , Theresa Heyd , T. Ruanni , F. Tupas , Rani Rubdy & Yasemin Bayyurt (eds.), Bloomsbury world Englishes, vol.1Paradigms, 190–206. London; New York: Bloomsbury Academic. 10.5040/9781350065833.0020
     https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350065833.0020 [Google Scholar]
  426. Wiese, Heike
    2006 “Ich mach dich Messer”: Grammatische Produktivität in Kiez-Sprache. Linguistische Berichte207. 245–73.
     [Google Scholar]
  427. 2012 Kiezdeutsch: Ein neuer Dialekt entsteht (Beck’sche Reihe 6034). München: Beck. 10.17104/9783406630354
     https://doi.org/10.17104/9783406630354 [Google Scholar]
  428. Wikipedia
    Wikipedia 2024 English-based creole languages. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=English-based_creole_languages&oldid=1217581296. (1 May, 2024).
     [Google Scholar]
  429. Wolf, Hans-Georg & Herbert Igboanusi
    2003 A preliminary comparison of some lexical items in Nigerian English and Cameroon English. In Peter Lucko , Lothar Peter & Hans-Georg Wolf (eds.), Studies in African varieties of English, 119–127. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  430. Woolard, Kathryn A.
    1998 Simultaneity and bivalency as strategies in bilingualism. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology8(1). 3–29. 10.1525/jlin.1998.8.1.3
     https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1998.8.1.3 [Google Scholar]
  431. 2008 Why dat now?: Linguistic-anthropological contributions to the explanation of sociolinguistic icons and change. Journal of Sociolinguistics12(4). 432–452. 10.1111/j.1467‑9841.2008.00375.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9841.2008.00375.x [Google Scholar]
  432. Wunder, Eva-Maria , Holger Voormann & Ulrike Gut
    2010 The ICE Nigeria corpus project: Creating an open, rich and accurate corpus. ICAME Journal (34). 78–88.
     [Google Scholar]
  433. Wyssmüller, Chantal & Rosita Fibbi
    2009 Welche Mehrsprachigkeit bei Jugendlichen der dritten Generation in der Schweiz?Neuchâtel: SFM — Forum suisse pour l’étude des migrations et de la population.
     [Google Scholar]
/content/books/9789027244390
Loading

  • From This Site

    /content/books/9789027244390
    dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Chapter
    10
    5
/content/books/9789027244390
dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Journal -contentType:Chapter
10
5
Chapter
content/books/9789027244390
Book
false
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was successful
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error