Chapter 11. Psychophysiological methods

In recent years, psychophysiological methods have gained prominence in CTIS research, particularly concerning emotional aspects. These methods emphasize the physical manifestations that connect cognition and emotion. This chapter explores three widely used psychophysiological methods: skin conductance, cortisol secretion, and heart rate, which structure the discussion uniquely. Beginning with an introduction to psychophysiology, the chapter establishes the physiological-psychological link and defines each method briefly. It then reviews significant findings on emotions within CTIS, followed by a discussion of conceptual and practical considerations — such as methodological, ethical, and technical aspects — for newcomers to the field. Finally, the chapter outlines limitations, potential breakthroughs, and guidelines to advance the integration of physiological methods into CTIS research further.

• Affiliations: 1: Universidad de Murcia; 2: Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan