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Chapter 5. Sex and the stability of a legal gender system

Dilemmas of defining intersex in Islamic law

image of Chapter 5. Sex and the stability of a legal gender system

Islamic law’s gender system is based on a conception of humans as sexually dimorphic. The presence of nonbinary bodies, specifically the khunthā, posed a challenge to the gender system. Law practitioners, like ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-Isnawī (d. 722/1322), attempted to redefine sex and intersexuality to stabilise the legal gender system. In an exploration of al-Isnawī’s writings, I argue that he engages in a form of object translation, following Marais’s typology of translation. Al-Isnawī incorporated the khunthā into the gender system by unravelling the challenge posed by their ambiguity onto Islamic law. This redefinition effectively defines them into impossibility by legal technicalities.

e-Book ISBN 9789027246943

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    2015 “If We are all Cultural Darwinians What’s the Fuss About? Clarifying Recent Disagreements in the Field of Cultural Evolution.” Biology and Philosophy30, no.4: 481–503. 10.1007/s10539‑015‑9490‑2
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    2016 “’You Have made her a Man Among Men’”: Translating the khuntha’s Anatomy in Fatimid Jurisprudence.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly3, no.3–4: 578–86. 10.1215/23289252‑3545251
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    2019b “’Effects Causing Effects’”: Considering Constraints in Translation. InComplexity Thinking in Translation Studies: Methodological Considerations, edited by K. Marais , and R. Meylaerts , 53–72. Routledge Advances in Translation and Interpreting Studies 38. Routledge.
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  33. Najmabadi, A.
    2016 “What can We Learn from Transsexuality in Iran?”InTranssexualität in Theologie Und Neurowissenschaften [Transsexuality in theology and neuroscience], edited by G. Schreiber , 175–93. De Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110434392‑010
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     https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7687795 [Google Scholar]
  35. Poonawala, I. K.
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     [Google Scholar]
  36. Powell, E. J. , and S. M. Mitchell
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     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00539.x [Google Scholar]
  37. Ragab, A.
    2015 “One, Two, or Many Sexes: Sex Differentiation in Medieval Islamicate Medical Thought.” Journal of the History of Sexuality24, no3: 428–54. 10.7560/JHS24304
     https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS24304 [Google Scholar]
  38. Rapoport, Y.
    2007 “Women and Gender in Mamluk Society: An Overview.” Mamluk Studies Review11, no.2: 1–47. 10.6082/M1X34VM5
     https://doi.org/10.6082/M1X34VM5 [Google Scholar]
  39. Rowson, E. K.
    1991a “The Categorization of Gender and Sexual Irregularity in Medieval Arabic Vice Lists.” InBody Guards: The Cultural Politics of Gender Ambiguity, edited by J. Epstein , and K. Straub , 50–79. Routledge.
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    2013 The Logic of Law-Making in Islam: Women and Prayer in the Legal Tradition. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511920509
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920509 [Google Scholar]
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    2018 “Sagesse et politique à la veille de la période islamique” [Wisdom and politics on the eve of the Islamic period]. Bulletin d’études orientales66, no. April:39–58. 10.4000/beo.5218
     https://doi.org/10.4000/beo.5218 [Google Scholar]
  44. Salaymeh, L.
    2016 The Beginnings of Islamic Law: Late Antique Islamicate Legal Traditions. Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/9781316459485
     https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316459485 [Google Scholar]
  45. Sanders, P.
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     [Google Scholar]
  46. Selove, E. , and R. Batten
    2014 “Making Men and Women: Arabic Commentaries on the Gynaecological Hippocratic Aphorisms in Context.” Annales Islamologiques48.1, no. August: 239–62. 10.4000/anisl.2670
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