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Chapter 4. Tracking Jespersen’s cycle

in Veronese and Bresciano

Diatopic variation in sentential negation

image of Chapter 4. Tracking Jespersen’s cycle in Veronese and Bresciano

This article provides an insight in the expression of sentential negation in two Italo-Romance varieties, i.e., Bresciano and Veronese. The fieldwork data gathered in Lumezzane (BS), Brescia, San Giovanni Lupatoto (VR) and Nogara (VR) shows an intriguing range of variation. The Veronese peripheral data displays the particle mia (local form of mica ) as a reinforcing negative element; central Bresciano shows a homogeneous pattern of postverbal negation, whereas in Lumezzanese the negative particle mia is completely grammaticalized. The general picture illustrates homogeneous negation patterns across the analysed structures, with all three stages of Jespersen’s cycle represented.

e-Book ISBN 9789027252814
  • Affiliations: 1: University of Verona; 2: University of Graz

References

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    1979 Typology of Sentence Negation. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
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  9. Dohi, Atsushi
    2019 La particella pa nelle varietà del ladino dolomitico con particolare attenzione al fassano. PhD dissertation, University of Trento.
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    2015 On preverbal negation in Sicilian and syntactic parasitism. InItalo-Romance Morphosyntax, Diego Pescarini & Silvia Rossi (eds). A special issue ofIsogloss. Open Journal of Romance Languages2015: 132–149. 10.5565/rev/isogloss.18
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  20. Laka, Miren Itziar
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     [Google Scholar]
  23. Manzini, M. Rita & Savoia, Leonardo M.
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    1912 L’évolution des formes grammaticales. Scientia6(12): 384.
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  25. Merchant, Jason
    2006 Why no(t)?Style40(1–2): 20–23. A Festschrift for John Robert (Háj) Ross .
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Payne, John R.
    1985 Negation. InLanguage Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. I: Clause Structure, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 197–242. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Penello, Nicoletta & Pescarini, Diego
    2008 La negazione: Variazione dialettale ed evoluzione diacronica. Quaderni di lavoroASIt8: 42–56.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Pescarini, Diego
    2009 ‘Presuppositional’ negation, modality and the {addressee}. Padua Working Papers3: 22–27.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Pescarini, Diego & Penello, Nicoletta
    2012 L’avverbio mica fra widening semantico e restrizioni sintattiche’. InLinguaggio e Cervello/Semantica. Paper presented at XLII Annual Meeting of the Società di Linguistica Italiana, Pisa, Italy, September 25–26, Pier Marco Bertinetto , Valentina Bambini & Irene Ricci (eds). Rome: Bulzoni.
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  30. Pescarini, Diego & Donzelli, Giulia
    2017 La negazione nei dialetti della Svizzera italiana. Vox Romanica76: 74–96.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Pescarini, Diego
    2022 A quantitative approach to microvariation: Negative marking in central Romance. Languages7: 87. 10.3390/languages7020087
     https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020087 [Google Scholar]
  32. Poletto, Cecilia
    2000 The Higher Functional Field. Evidence from Northern Italian Dialects. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Rizzi, Luigi
    1997 The fine structure of the left periphery. InElements of Grammar [Kluwer Handbooks of Linguistics 1], Liliane Haegeman (ed.), 271–327. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑5420‑8_7
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    2008 Gramàtica del català contemporani. Barcelona: Editrial Empuries.
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     [Google Scholar]
  38. Travis, Lisa DeMena
    1984 Parameters and Effects of Word Order Variation. PhD dissertation, MIT.
  39. Visconti, Jacqueline
    2009 From “textual” to “interpersonal”: On the diachrony of the Italian particle mica. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(5): 937–950. 10.1016/j.pragma.2008.08.012
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.08.012 [Google Scholar]
  40. Visconti, Jacqueline & Hansen, Maj-Britt Mosegaard
    2009 On the diachrony of “reinforced” negation in French and Italian. InGrammaticalization and Pragmatics: Facts, Approaches, Theoretical Issues, Corinne Rossari , Claudia Ricci & Adriana Spiridon (eds), 137–71. Leiden: Brill.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Zanuttini, Raffaella
    1997 Negation and Clausal Structure: A Comparative Study of Romance Languages. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. 2001 Sentential negation. InThe Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory, Mark Baltin & Chris Collins (eds). Hoboken NJ: Wiley & Sons. 10.1002/9780470756416.ch16
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756416.ch16 [Google Scholar]
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    2004 Sentential Negation and Negative Concord. PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam.
  44. 2007 Negation in natural language: On the form and meaning of negative elements. Language and Linguistics Compass1(5): 498–518. 10.1111/j.1749‑818X.2007.00027.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00027.x [Google Scholar]
  45. 2009 On French negation. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society34(1): 447–458. 10.3765/bls.v35i1.3631
     https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v35i1.3631 [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Ashby, William J.
    1981 The loss of the negative particle ne in French: A syntactic change in progress. Language57(3): 674–687. 10.2307/414345
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414345 [Google Scholar]
  2. van der Auwera, Johan
    2009 The Jespersen cycle. InCyclical Change [Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today 146], Elly van Gelderen (ed.), 73–101. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/la.146.05auw
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.146.05auw [Google Scholar]
  3. Benincà, Paola & Poletto, Cecilia
    2004 Topic, focus and V2: Defining the CP sub-layers. InThe Structure of IP and CP. The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol. II, Luigi Rizzi (ed.), 52–75. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Benincà, Paola & Damonte, Federico
    2009 Varianti sintattiche inter- e intra-individuali nelle grammatiche dialettali. InI parlanti e le loro storie. Competenze linguistiche, strategie comunicative, livelli di analisi. Atti del convegno Carini-Valderice, 23–25 ottobre 2008, Luisa Amenta & Giuseppe Paternostro (eds), 185–194. Palermo: Centro Studi Filogici e Linguistici Siciliana.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bernini, Giuliano & Ramat, Paolo
    1996 Negative Sentences in the Languages of Europe. A Typological Approach. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Carlier, Anne , De Mulder, Walter & Lamiroy, Béatrice
    2012 The pace of grammaticalization in a typological perspective. Folia Linguistica2: 1–15. 10.1515/flin.2012.010
     https://doi.org/10.1515/flin.2012.010 [Google Scholar]
  7. Cinque, Guglielmo
    1976 Mica. Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell’Università di Padova1: 101–112.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Dahl, Östen
    1979 Typology of Sentence Negation. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Dohi, Atsushi
    2019 La particella pa nelle varietà del ladino dolomitico con particolare attenzione al fassano. PhD dissertation, University of Trento.
  10. Garzonio, Jacopo & Poletto, Cecilia
    2015 On preverbal negation in Sicilian and syntactic parasitism. InItalo-Romance Morphosyntax, Diego Pescarini & Silvia Rossi (eds). A special issue ofIsogloss. Open Journal of Romance Languages2015: 132–149. 10.5565/rev/isogloss.18
     https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.18 [Google Scholar]
  11. Garzonio, Jacopo
    2019 Not even a crumb of negation: On mica in Old Italian. InLinguistic Variation: Structure and Interpretation, Ludovico Franco & Paolo Lorusso (eds), 263–282. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 10.1515/9781501505201‑016
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501505201-016 [Google Scholar]
  12. Giannakidou, Anastasia
    1997 The Landscape of Polarity Items. PhD dissertation, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
  13. 2000 Negative …Concord?Natural Language and Linguistic Theory18: 475–523. 10.1023/A:1006477315705
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006477315705 [Google Scholar]
  14. Greenberg, Joseph H.
    1966 Synchronic and diachronic universals in phonology. Language42(2): 508–517. 10.2307/411706
     https://doi.org/10.2307/411706 [Google Scholar]
  15. Grevisse, Maurice & Goosse, André
    2016 Le bon usage. Gembloux: Duculot.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Horn, Lawrence R.
    1989 A Natural History of Negation. Chicago IL: The Chicago University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Jespersen, Otto
    1917 Negation in English and Other Languages. Copenhagen: A.F. HØst.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Labov, William
    1972 Negative attraction and negative concord in English grammar. Language48(4): 773–818. 10.2307/411989
     https://doi.org/10.2307/411989 [Google Scholar]
  19. Ladusaw, William
    1996 Negation and polarity items. InThe Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, Shalom Lappin (ed.), 311–331. Oxford: Blackwell.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Laka, Miren Itziar
    1990 Negation in Syntax: On the Nature of Functional Categories and Projections. PhD dissertation, MIT.
  21. Lamiroy, Béatrice & De Mulder, Walter
    2011 Degrees of grammaticalization across languages. InThe Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization, Bernd Heine & Heiko Narrog (eds), 292–308. Oxford: OUP. 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199586783.013.0024
     https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199586783.013.0024 [Google Scholar]
  22. Manzini, M. Rita & Savoia, Leonardo M.
    2002 Negative adverbs are neither Adv nor Neg. InProceedings of North East Linguistic Society31, Masako Hirotani (ed.), 326–46. Amherst MA: GLSA.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Manzini, M. Rita & Savoia, Leonardo M.
    2011 Grammatical Categories: Variation in Romance Languages. Cambridge: CUP. 10.1017/CBO9780511974489
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511974489 [Google Scholar]
  24. Meillet, Antoine
    1912 L’évolution des formes grammaticales. Scientia6(12): 384.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Merchant, Jason
    2006 Why no(t)?Style40(1–2): 20–23. A Festschrift for John Robert (Háj) Ross .
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Payne, John R.
    1985 Negation. InLanguage Typology and Syntactic Description, Vol. I: Clause Structure, Timothy Shopen (ed.), 197–242. Cambridge: CUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Penello, Nicoletta & Pescarini, Diego
    2008 La negazione: Variazione dialettale ed evoluzione diacronica. Quaderni di lavoroASIt8: 42–56.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Pescarini, Diego
    2009 ‘Presuppositional’ negation, modality and the {addressee}. Padua Working Papers3: 22–27.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Pescarini, Diego & Penello, Nicoletta
    2012 L’avverbio mica fra widening semantico e restrizioni sintattiche’. InLinguaggio e Cervello/Semantica. Paper presented at XLII Annual Meeting of the Società di Linguistica Italiana, Pisa, Italy, September 25–26, Pier Marco Bertinetto , Valentina Bambini & Irene Ricci (eds). Rome: Bulzoni.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Pescarini, Diego & Donzelli, Giulia
    2017 La negazione nei dialetti della Svizzera italiana. Vox Romanica76: 74–96.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Pescarini, Diego
    2022 A quantitative approach to microvariation: Negative marking in central Romance. Languages7: 87. 10.3390/languages7020087
     https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7020087 [Google Scholar]
  32. Poletto, Cecilia
    2000 The Higher Functional Field. Evidence from Northern Italian Dialects. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Rizzi, Luigi
    1997 The fine structure of the left periphery. InElements of Grammar [Kluwer Handbooks of Linguistics 1], Liliane Haegeman (ed.), 271–327. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 10.1007/978‑94‑011‑5420‑8_7
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5420-8_7 [Google Scholar]
  34. Roberts, Ian & Roussou, Anna
    2003 Syntactic Change: A Minimalist Approach to Grammaticalization. Cambridge: CUP. 10.1017/CBO9780511486326
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486326 [Google Scholar]
  35. Solà, Joan , Lloret, Maria Rosa , Mascaró, Joan , Pérez Saldanya, Manuel
    2008 Gramàtica del català contemporani. Barcelona: Editrial Empuries.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs & Heine, Bernd
    (eds) 1991 Approaches to Grammaticalization, Vol. 2: Types of Grammatical Markers [Typological Studies in Language 19:2]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 10.1075/tsl.19.2
     https://doi.org/10.1075/tsl.19.2 [Google Scholar]
  37. Tagliani, Marta & Rabanus, Stefan
    . (In press). The cycle in language change: Insights from diachronic phonology and syntax of negation. Evolutionary Linguistic Theory4(2), 191–228.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Travis, Lisa DeMena
    1984 Parameters and Effects of Word Order Variation. PhD dissertation, MIT.
  39. Visconti, Jacqueline
    2009 From “textual” to “interpersonal”: On the diachrony of the Italian particle mica. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(5): 937–950. 10.1016/j.pragma.2008.08.012
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.08.012 [Google Scholar]
  40. Visconti, Jacqueline & Hansen, Maj-Britt Mosegaard
    2009 On the diachrony of “reinforced” negation in French and Italian. InGrammaticalization and Pragmatics: Facts, Approaches, Theoretical Issues, Corinne Rossari , Claudia Ricci & Adriana Spiridon (eds), 137–71. Leiden: Brill.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Zanuttini, Raffaella
    1997 Negation and Clausal Structure: A Comparative Study of Romance Languages. Oxford: OUP.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. 2001 Sentential negation. InThe Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory, Mark Baltin & Chris Collins (eds). Hoboken NJ: Wiley & Sons. 10.1002/9780470756416.ch16
     https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756416.ch16 [Google Scholar]
  43. Zeijlstra, Hedde
    2004 Sentential Negation and Negative Concord. PhD dissertation, University of Amsterdam.
  44. 2007 Negation in natural language: On the form and meaning of negative elements. Language and Linguistics Compass1(5): 498–518. 10.1111/j.1749‑818X.2007.00027.x
     https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00027.x [Google Scholar]
  45. 2009 On French negation. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society34(1): 447–458. 10.3765/bls.v35i1.3631
     https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v35i1.3631 [Google Scholar]

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