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oa Chapter 6. A historian’s approach to quantitative analysis

The case of translated short stories in Italian women’s rotocalchi (1933–1938)

image of Chapter 6. A historian’s approach to quantitative analysis

The study of translated short stories in Italian illustrated magazines can contribute to the creation of a homogeneous methodology for analyzing literature in periodicals. This chapter, based on the woman’s magazine Lei, argues that a quantitative analysis of translations should always result in a proportion between translated and non-translated texts and that it has to consider both the subjective dimension of the enquiry and potential disturbing features. At the core of the methodological proposal, stands the creation of sets of numerical results as an answer to the uncertain origin of many short stories, and a vertical close reading, which entails the identification of all the texts with the same origin in order to investigate the incidence of internal trends.

  • Affiliations: 1: Università degli Studi di Milano

References

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  8. Brake, Laurel
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    2009 VU. Le magazine photographique. Paris: Éditions de la Martinière.
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    2018 “Whodunit? Agatha Christie’s Detective Fiction and the ‘Oblique’ Translation of Murder on the Orient Express under Fascism”. InForeign Women Authors under Fascism and Francoism. Gender Translation and Censorship and edited by Pilar Godayol , Annarita Taronna , 36–60. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
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  27. Ferber, Christian
    ed. 1982 Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung. Zeitbild, Chronik, Moritat für Jedermann. 1892–1945. Berlin: Ullstein.
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  28. Ferme, Valerio
    2002 Tradurre è tradire. La traduzione come sovversione culturale sotto il fascismo. Ravenna: Longo.
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  29. Forgacs, David
    1990 Italian Culture in the Industrial Era 1880–1980. Cultural Industries, Politics and the Public. Manchester-New York: Manchester University Press.
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  30. Forgacs, David , and Stephen Gundle
    2007 Mass Culture and Italian Society From Fascism to the Cold War. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
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  31. Guidali, Fabio
    2019a “Tradurre in ‘roto’. Periodici popolari e letteratura straniera (1933–1936)”. InStranieri all’ombra del duce. Le traduzioni durante il fascismo, edited by Anna Ferrando . Milan: FrancoAngeli.
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  32. 2019b “Developing Middlebrow Culture in Fascist Italy: The Case of Rizzoli’s Illustrated Magazines”. Journal of European Periodical Studies4 (2): 106–121). 10.21825/jeps.v4i2.10774
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  34. Klein-Lataud, Christine
    1997 “Traduction et ‘plaisir du texte’”. Protée25 (3): 31–38.
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  35. Mazzuca, Alberto
    1991 La erre verde. Ascesa e declino dell’impero Rizzoli. Milan: Longanesi.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Moretti, Franco
    2013 Distant Reading. London: Verso.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Mosconi, Elena
    2009 “Irene, Luciana, Mura e le altre. La cronaca mondana e di costume”. InForme e modelli del rotocalco italiano tra fascismo e guerra, edited by De Berti, Raffaele , and Irene Piazzoni , 443–467. Milan: Cisalpino-Monduzzi Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Pelizzari, Maria Antonella
    2015 “Make-Believe: Fashion and Cinelandia in Rizzoli’s Lei (1933–38)”. Journal of Modern Italian Studies20 (1): 34–52. 10.1080/1354571X.2014.973153
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1354571X.2014.973153 [Google Scholar]
  39. Piazzoni, Irene
    2009 “I periodici italiani negli anni del regime fascista”. InForme e modelli del rotocalco italiano tra fascismo e guerra, edited by De Berti, Raffaele and Irene Piazzoni , 83–122. Milan: Cisalpino-Monduzzi Editore.
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  40. 2020 “Shaping a Weekly ‘For Everyone’: Italian Rotocalchi Entre-Deux-Guerres”. Journal of European Periodical Studies5 (1): 24–42. 10.21825/jeps.v5l1.16525
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  41. Pickering-Iazzi, Robin
    ed. 1995 Mothers of Invention. Women, Italian Fascism, and Culture. Minneapolis-London: University of Minnesota Press.
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  42. Ramsey, Gordon C.
    1967 Agatha Christie. Mistress of mystery. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Richter, Hans
    1933 Sommer am Thursee. Berlin: Rowohlt.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Robinson, Douglas
    1998 “Pseudotranslation”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited by Mona Baker assisted by Kirsten Malmkjær , 183–185. London-New York: Routledge.
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  45. Rosenzweig, Roy , and Michael O’Malley
    2011 “Brave New World or Blind Alley? American History on the World Wide Web”. In Roy Rosenzweig , Clio Wired. The Future of the Past in the Digital Age, 155–178. New York-Chichester: Columbia University Press.
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  46. Rubino, Mario
    2002 I mille demoni della modernità. L’immagine della Germania e la ricezione della narrativa tedesca contemporanea in Italia fra le due guerre. Palermo: Flaccovio.
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  47. 2010 “Literary Exchange Between Italy and Germany: German Literature in Italian Translation”. InTranslation Under Fascism, edited by Christopher Rundle , and Kate Sturge , 147–177. Basingstoke-New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2010. 10.1057/9780230292444_6
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  48. Rundle, Christopher
    2000 “The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy”. The Translator6 (1): 67–86. 10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056 [Google Scholar]
  49. 2004 “Resisting Foreign Penetration: the Antitranslation Campaign in the Wake of the Ethiopian War”. InReconstructing Societies in the Aftermath of War: Memory, Identity and Reconciliation, edited by Flavia Brizio-Skov , 292–307. Boca Raton: Bordighera Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. 2010 Publishing Translations in Fascist Italy. Oxford: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 2018 “Stemming the Flood: the Censorship of Translated Popular fiction in Fascist Italy”. Perspectives26 (6): 838–851. 10.1080/0907676X.2018.1444646
     https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1444646 [Google Scholar]
  52. Sisto, Michele
    2013 “La letteratura tradotta come fattore di cambiamento nel campo letterario italiano”. InLetteratura italiana e tedesca 1945–1970: campi, polisistemi, transfer / Deutsche und italienische Literatur 1945–1970: Felder, Polysysteme, Transfer, edited by Irene Fantappiè , and Michele Sisto , 77–94. Rome: Istituto Italiano di Studi Germanici.
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  53. 2018 “Gli editori e il rinnovamento del repertorio”. InLa letteratura tedesca in Italia. Un’introduzione (1900–1920), edited by Anna Baldini , Daria Biagi , Stefania De Lucia , Irene Fantappiè , and Michele Sisto , 57–89. Macerata: Quodlibet. 10.2307/j.ctv1142j7.6
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  54. Stead, Evangelia
    ed. 2018 Reading Books and Prints as Cultural Objects. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑53832‑7
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  55. Stead, Evanghelia , and Hélène Védrine
    eds. 2018 L’Europe des revues II (1860–1930). Réseaux et circulations de modèles. Paris: PU Paris Sorbonne.
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References

  1. Barnes, Julian
    2011 The Sense of an Ending. London: Jonathan Cape.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Barrale, Natascia
    2015 “Suicide and Self-Censorship in the Italian Translations of Frauenromane”. Between5 (9). 10.13125/2039‑6597/1578
     https://doi.org/10.13125/2039-6597/1578 [Google Scholar]
  3. 2018 “Foreign Literature as Poison: (Self-)censorship in the Translation of German Popular Fiction in Italy during the 1930s”. Perspectives26 (6): 852–867. 10.1080/0907676X.2018.1444070
     https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1444070 [Google Scholar]
  4. Billiani, Francesca
    2007 Culture nazionali e narrazioni straniere. Italia, 1903–1943. Florence: Le Lettere.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bingham, Adrian
    2004 Gender, Modernity, and the Popular Press in Inter-War Britain. Oxford: Oxford University.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Bonsaver, Guido
    2007 Censorship and Literature in Fascist Italy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 10.3138/9781442684157
     https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442684157 [Google Scholar]
  7. Bordoni, Carlo
    1993 Il romanzo di consumo. Editoria e letteratura di massa. Naples: Liguori.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Brake, Laurel
    2012 “The Longevity of ‘Ephemera’”. Media History18 (1): 7–20. 10.1080/13688804.2011.632192
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2011.632192 [Google Scholar]
  9. Brizot, Michel , and Cédric de Veigy
    2009 VU. Le magazine photographique. Paris: Éditions de la Martinière.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Cadioli, Alberto , and Giuliano Vigini
    2018 Storia dell’editoria in Italia. Dall’Unità a oggi. Milan: Bibliografica (first edition 2004).
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Carotti, Carlo
    2007 “La casa editrice Vitagliano anche Gloriosa”. WUZ5: 16–22.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Castracane, Marco
    2011 Gli italiani e l’arte. Rome: Armando.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Cembali, Maria Elena
    2006 “I traduttori nel Ventennio Fascista fra autocensura e questioni deontologiche”. inTRAlinea8. www.intralinea.org/archive/article/1636
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Chabrier, Amélie , and Marie-Ève Thérenty
    2017 Détective. Fabrique de crimes?. Nantes: Éditions Joseph K.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Collombat, Isabelle
    2003 “Pseudo-traduction: la mise en scène de l’altérité”. Le Langage et l’Homme38 (1): 145–156.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Croce, Benedetto
    1939 “Intorno a un’antologia di traduzioni italiane delle liriche del Goethe”. La critica37 (1): 59–67.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. D’hoker, Elke , and Sarah Bonciarelli
    2017 “Extending the Middlebrow: Italian Fiction in the Early Twentieth Century”. Belphégor15 (2). 10.4000/belphegor.957
     https://doi.org/10.4000/belphegor.957 [Google Scholar]
  18. De Grazia, Victoria
    1992 How Fascism Ruled Women. Italy, 1922–1945. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Decleva, Enrico
    2007 Arnoldo Mondadori. Turin: Utet.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Del Zoppo, Paola
    2013 “La letteratura tedesca tradotta in Italia tra il 1925 e il 1950”. Studi Germanici3–4: 373–443.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Esposito, Edoardo
    ed. 2004 Le letterature straniere nell’Italia dell’entre-deux-guerres. 2volumes. Lecce: Pensa Multimedia Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Faber, Elena
    1936 “Stazione dell’Est”. Lei4 (51): 12.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Fabre, Giorgio
    1998 L’elenco. Censura fascista, editoria e autori ebrei. Turin: Silvio Zamorani Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. 2007 “Censorship and Translation”. InModes of Censorship. National Contexts and Diverse Media, edited by Francesca Billiani , 27–59. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Fabre, Giorgio
    2018 Il censore e l’editore. Mussolini, i libri, Mondadori. Milan: Fondazione Arnoldo e Alberto Mondadori.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Federici, Eleonora
    2018 “Whodunit? Agatha Christie’s Detective Fiction and the ‘Oblique’ Translation of Murder on the Orient Express under Fascism”. InForeign Women Authors under Fascism and Francoism. Gender Translation and Censorship and edited by Pilar Godayol , Annarita Taronna , 36–60. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Ferber, Christian
    ed. 1982 Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung. Zeitbild, Chronik, Moritat für Jedermann. 1892–1945. Berlin: Ullstein.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Ferme, Valerio
    2002 Tradurre è tradire. La traduzione come sovversione culturale sotto il fascismo. Ravenna: Longo.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Forgacs, David
    1990 Italian Culture in the Industrial Era 1880–1980. Cultural Industries, Politics and the Public. Manchester-New York: Manchester University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Forgacs, David , and Stephen Gundle
    2007 Mass Culture and Italian Society From Fascism to the Cold War. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Guidali, Fabio
    2019a “Tradurre in ‘roto’. Periodici popolari e letteratura straniera (1933–1936)”. InStranieri all’ombra del duce. Le traduzioni durante il fascismo, edited by Anna Ferrando . Milan: FrancoAngeli.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. 2019b “Developing Middlebrow Culture in Fascist Italy: The Case of Rizzoli’s Illustrated Magazines”. Journal of European Periodical Studies4 (2): 106–121). 10.21825/jeps.v4i2.10774
     https://doi.org/10.21825/jeps.v4i2.10774 [Google Scholar]
  33. Jänicke, Stefan , Greta Franzini , Muhammad Faisal Cheema , and Gerik Scheuermann
    2015 “On Close and Distant Reading in Digital Humanities: A Survey and Future Challenges”. Conference Paper. 10.2312/eurovisstar.20151113
     https://doi.org/10.2312/eurovisstar.20151113 [Google Scholar]
  34. Klein-Lataud, Christine
    1997 “Traduction et ‘plaisir du texte’”. Protée25 (3): 31–38.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Mazzuca, Alberto
    1991 La erre verde. Ascesa e declino dell’impero Rizzoli. Milan: Longanesi.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Moretti, Franco
    2013 Distant Reading. London: Verso.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Mosconi, Elena
    2009 “Irene, Luciana, Mura e le altre. La cronaca mondana e di costume”. InForme e modelli del rotocalco italiano tra fascismo e guerra, edited by De Berti, Raffaele , and Irene Piazzoni , 443–467. Milan: Cisalpino-Monduzzi Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Pelizzari, Maria Antonella
    2015 “Make-Believe: Fashion and Cinelandia in Rizzoli’s Lei (1933–38)”. Journal of Modern Italian Studies20 (1): 34–52. 10.1080/1354571X.2014.973153
     https://doi.org/10.1080/1354571X.2014.973153 [Google Scholar]
  39. Piazzoni, Irene
    2009 “I periodici italiani negli anni del regime fascista”. InForme e modelli del rotocalco italiano tra fascismo e guerra, edited by De Berti, Raffaele and Irene Piazzoni , 83–122. Milan: Cisalpino-Monduzzi Editore.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. 2020 “Shaping a Weekly ‘For Everyone’: Italian Rotocalchi Entre-Deux-Guerres”. Journal of European Periodical Studies5 (1): 24–42. 10.21825/jeps.v5l1.16525
     https://doi.org/10.21825/jeps.v5l1.16525 [Google Scholar]
  41. Pickering-Iazzi, Robin
    ed. 1995 Mothers of Invention. Women, Italian Fascism, and Culture. Minneapolis-London: University of Minnesota Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Ramsey, Gordon C.
    1967 Agatha Christie. Mistress of mystery. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Richter, Hans
    1933 Sommer am Thursee. Berlin: Rowohlt.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Robinson, Douglas
    1998 “Pseudotranslation”. InRoutledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, edited by Mona Baker assisted by Kirsten Malmkjær , 183–185. London-New York: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Rosenzweig, Roy , and Michael O’Malley
    2011 “Brave New World or Blind Alley? American History on the World Wide Web”. In Roy Rosenzweig , Clio Wired. The Future of the Past in the Digital Age, 155–178. New York-Chichester: Columbia University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Rubino, Mario
    2002 I mille demoni della modernità. L’immagine della Germania e la ricezione della narrativa tedesca contemporanea in Italia fra le due guerre. Palermo: Flaccovio.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. 2010 “Literary Exchange Between Italy and Germany: German Literature in Italian Translation”. InTranslation Under Fascism, edited by Christopher Rundle , and Kate Sturge , 147–177. Basingstoke-New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2010. 10.1057/9780230292444_6
     https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230292444_6 [Google Scholar]
  48. Rundle, Christopher
    2000 “The Censorship of Translation in Fascist Italy”. The Translator6 (1): 67–86. 10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056
     https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2000.10799056 [Google Scholar]
  49. 2004 “Resisting Foreign Penetration: the Antitranslation Campaign in the Wake of the Ethiopian War”. InReconstructing Societies in the Aftermath of War: Memory, Identity and Reconciliation, edited by Flavia Brizio-Skov , 292–307. Boca Raton: Bordighera Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. 2010 Publishing Translations in Fascist Italy. Oxford: Peter Lang.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. 2018 “Stemming the Flood: the Censorship of Translated Popular fiction in Fascist Italy”. Perspectives26 (6): 838–851. 10.1080/0907676X.2018.1444646
     https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2018.1444646 [Google Scholar]
  52. Sisto, Michele
    2013 “La letteratura tradotta come fattore di cambiamento nel campo letterario italiano”. InLetteratura italiana e tedesca 1945–1970: campi, polisistemi, transfer / Deutsche und italienische Literatur 1945–1970: Felder, Polysysteme, Transfer, edited by Irene Fantappiè , and Michele Sisto , 77–94. Rome: Istituto Italiano di Studi Germanici.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. 2018 “Gli editori e il rinnovamento del repertorio”. InLa letteratura tedesca in Italia. Un’introduzione (1900–1920), edited by Anna Baldini , Daria Biagi , Stefania De Lucia , Irene Fantappiè , and Michele Sisto , 57–89. Macerata: Quodlibet. 10.2307/j.ctv1142j7.6
     https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1142j7.6 [Google Scholar]
  54. Stead, Evangelia
    ed. 2018 Reading Books and Prints as Cultural Objects. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978‑3‑319‑53832‑7
     https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53832-7 [Google Scholar]
  55. Stead, Evanghelia , and Hélène Védrine
    eds. 2018 L’Europe des revues II (1860–1930). Réseaux et circulations de modèles. Paris: PU Paris Sorbonne.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Tranfaglia, Nicola , and Albertina Vittoria
    2000 Storia degli editori italiani. Dall’Unità alla fine degli anni Sessanta. Rome-Bari: Laterza.
     [Google Scholar]

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