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Chapter 1. Introduction

Constructicons and constructicography

image of Chapter 1. Introduction

A constructicon is on the one hand a theoretical conception of language as a structured inventory of constructions, and on the other hand a collection of construction descriptions, essentially a practical instantiation of the former concept. In this introductory chapter, we review the role of these notions in constructionist theory and practice, and relate it to the closely connected development of Frame Semantics into FrameNet. Practical constructicon development is characterized as a combination of construction grammar and lexicography, for which we introduce the term constructicography. Central issues in constructicography are introduced, setting the stage for the explorations in the following chapters.

References

  1. Atkins, B. T. S. , & Rundell, M.
    (2014) The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bäckström, L. , Lyngfelt, B. , & Sköldberg, E.
    (2014) Towards Interlingual Constructicography. On correspondence between constructicon resources for English and Swedish. Constructions and Frames, 6:1, 9–32. doi: 10.1075/cf.6.1.02bak
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cf.6.1.02bak [Google Scholar]
  3. Bergen, B. , & Chang, N.
    (2013) Embodied Construction Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 168–190). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Boas, H. C.
    (2009a) Verb meanings at the crossroads between higher-level and lower-level constructions. Lingua, 120, 22–34. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2009.03.008
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.03.008 [Google Scholar]
  5. (Ed.) (2009b) Multilingual FrameNets in Computational Lexicography: Methods and Applications. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110212976
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110212976 [Google Scholar]
  6. (Ed.) (2010) Contrastive Studies in Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.10
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.10 [Google Scholar]
  7. Booij, G.
    (2010) Construction Morphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. (2013) Morphology in Construction Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 255–273). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Bybee, J.
    (2010) Language, Usage, and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511750526
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750526 [Google Scholar]
  10. Chomsky, N.
    (1957) Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Chomsky, N.
    (1995) The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Chomsky, N.
    (2000) New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511811937
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811937 [Google Scholar]
  13. Croft, W.
    (2001) Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299554.001.0001
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  17. Feldman, J. , Dodge, E. , & Bryant, J.
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     [Google Scholar]
  18. Fillmore, C. J.
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     [Google Scholar]
  19. (1982) Frame Semantics. In Linguistics Society of Korea (Ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111–138). Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Co.
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  20. (1987) Varieties of conditional sentences. ESCOL, 3, 79–122.
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  21. (1988) The mechanisms of ‘Construction Grammar’. Berkeley Linguistic Society, 14, 35–55.10.3765/bls.v14i0.1794
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  22. (2008) Border Conflicts: FrameNet Meets Construction Grammar. In E. Bernal , & J. DeCesaris (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIII EURALEX International Congress (pp. 49–68). Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Fillmore, C. J. , & Baker, C. F.
    (2010) A Frames Approach to Semantic Analysis. In B. Heine & H. Narrog (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis (pp. 313–339). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Fillmore, C. J. , & Kay, P.
    (1996) Construction Grammar Coursebook. Ms. Department of linguistics, University of California at Berkeley.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Fillmore, C. J. , Kay, P. & O’Connor, M. C.
    (1988) Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions. The case of let alone . Language, 64, 501–538. doi: 10.2307/414531
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414531 [Google Scholar]
  26. Fillmore, C. J. , Lee-Goldman, R. , & Rhomieux, R.
    (2012) The FrameNet Constructicon. In H. C. Boas & I. A. Sag (Eds.), Sign-Based Construction Grammar (pp. 309–372). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. FrameNet
    . https://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/fndrupal/
  28. Fried, M. , & Östman, J. -O.
    (Eds.) (2004) Construction Grammar in a cross-language perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.2
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.2 [Google Scholar]
  29. Goldberg, A. E.
    (1995) Constructions. A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. (2003) Constructions: A new theoretical approach to language. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 219–224. doi: 10.1016/S1364‑6613(03)00080‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00080-9 [Google Scholar]
  31. (2006) Constructions at Work. The Nature of Generalizations in Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. (2013) Constructionist approaches. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 15–31). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Hilpert, M.
    (2013) Constructional Change in English: Developments in Allomorphy, Word Formation, and Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139004206
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139004206 [Google Scholar]
  34. (2014) Construction Grammar and its Application to English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. (2015) From hand-carved to computer-based: Noun-participle compounding and the upward strengthening hypothesis. Cognitive Linguistics, 26, 113–147. doi: 10.1515/cog‑2014‑0001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0001 [Google Scholar]
  36. Jurafsky, D.
    (1991) An On-line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation: A Theory of the Representation and Use of Linguistic Knowledge. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Kay, P. , & Fillmore, C. J.
    (1999) Grammatical constructions and linguistic generalizations. The What’s X doing Y? construction. Language, 75, 1–34. doi: 10.2307/417472
     https://doi.org/10.2307/417472 [Google Scholar]
  38. Lakoff, G.
    (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  39. Langacker, R. W.
    (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, vol.1. Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. (2008) Cognitive Grammar. A basic introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  41. Laviola, A.
    (2015) Frames e Construções em Contraste: uma análise comparativa português-inglês no tangente à implementação de constructicons. MA Thesis, Federal University of Juiz de Fora.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lyngfelt, B. , & Sköldberg, E.
    (2013) Lexikon och konstruktikon – ett konstruktionsgrammatiskt perspektiv på lexikografi [‘Lexicon and constructicon – a constructionist perspective on lexicography’]. LexicoNordica, 20, 75–91.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Michaelis, L. A.
    (2012) Making the case for Construction Grammar. H. C. Boas & I. A. Sag (Eds.) (2012), Sign-Based Construction Grammar (pp. 31–67). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Pulvermüller, F. , Cappelle, B. , & Shtyrov, Y.
    (2013) Brain Basis of Meaning, Words, Constructions, and Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 397–416). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Ruppenhofer, J. , Ellsworth, M. , Petruck, M. R. L. , Johnson, C. R. , & Scheffczyk, J.
    (2016) FrameNet II: extended theory and practice. Berkeley: ICSI. Retrieved fromhttps://framenet2.icsi.berkeley.edu/docs/r1.7/book.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Sag, I. A.
    (2010) English filler-gap constructions. Language, 86, 486–545. doi: 10.1353/lan.2010.0002
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2010.0002 [Google Scholar]
  47. (2012) Sign-Based Construction Grammar: An Informal Synopsis. H. C. Boas & I. A. Sag (Eds.) (2012), Sign-Based Construction Grammar (pp. 69–202). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Schmid, H. -J.
    (2015) A blueprint of the Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association, 3, 1–27. doi: 10.1515/gcla‑2015‑0002
     https://doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2015-0002 [Google Scholar]
  49. Steels, L.
    (2013) Fluid Construction Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 153–167). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. (Ed.) (2011) Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.11
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.11 [Google Scholar]
  51. Svensén, B.
    (2009) A Handbook of Lexicography. The Theory and Practice of Dictionary-Making. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Tomasello, M.
    (2003) Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. van Trijp, R. , & Steels, L.
    (2012) Multilevel alignment maintains language systematicity. Advances in Complex Systems, 15(3–4), 1–30.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Van de Velde, F.
    (2012) Degeneracy: The maintenance of constructional networks. Leuven Working Papers in Linguistics, 1, 24–61.
     [Google Scholar]

References

  1. Atkins, B. T. S. , & Rundell, M.
    (2014) The Oxford Guide to Practical Lexicography. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bäckström, L. , Lyngfelt, B. , & Sköldberg, E.
    (2014) Towards Interlingual Constructicography. On correspondence between constructicon resources for English and Swedish. Constructions and Frames, 6:1, 9–32. doi: 10.1075/cf.6.1.02bak
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cf.6.1.02bak [Google Scholar]
  3. Bergen, B. , & Chang, N.
    (2013) Embodied Construction Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 168–190). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Boas, H. C.
    (2009a) Verb meanings at the crossroads between higher-level and lower-level constructions. Lingua, 120, 22–34. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2009.03.008
     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.03.008 [Google Scholar]
  5. (Ed.) (2009b) Multilingual FrameNets in Computational Lexicography: Methods and Applications. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110212976
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110212976 [Google Scholar]
  6. (Ed.) (2010) Contrastive Studies in Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.10
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.10 [Google Scholar]
  7. Booij, G.
    (2010) Construction Morphology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. (2013) Morphology in Construction Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 255–273). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Bybee, J.
    (2010) Language, Usage, and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511750526
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511750526 [Google Scholar]
  10. Chomsky, N.
    (1957) Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Chomsky, N.
    (1995) The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Chomsky, N.
    (2000) New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511811937
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811937 [Google Scholar]
  13. Croft, W.
    (2001) Radical Construction Grammar. Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299554.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198299554.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  14. (2003) Lexical rules vs. constructions: a false dichotomy. In H. Cuyckens , Th. Berg , R. Dirven & K. -U. Panther (Eds.), Motivation in Language: Studies in honor of Günther Radden (pp. 49–68). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cilt.243.07cro
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.243.07cro [Google Scholar]
  15. Croft, W. , & Cruse, D. A.
    (2004) Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511803864
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803864 [Google Scholar]
  16. Culicover, P. , & Jackendoff, R.
    (1999) The view from the periphery: The English comparative correlative. Linguistic Inquiry, 30, 543–571. doi: 10.1162/002438999554200
     https://doi.org/10.1162/002438999554200 [Google Scholar]
  17. Feldman, J. , Dodge, E. , & Bryant, J.
    (2010) Embodied Construction Grammar. In B. Heine & H. Narrog (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis (pp. 111–138). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Fillmore, C. J.
    (1968) The Case for Case. In E. Bach & R. T. Harms (Eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory (pp. 1–88). London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. (1982) Frame Semantics. In Linguistics Society of Korea (Ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 111–138). Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Co.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. (1987) Varieties of conditional sentences. ESCOL, 3, 79–122.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. (1988) The mechanisms of ‘Construction Grammar’. Berkeley Linguistic Society, 14, 35–55.10.3765/bls.v14i0.1794
     https://doi.org/10.3765/bls.v14i0.1794 [Google Scholar]
  22. (2008) Border Conflicts: FrameNet Meets Construction Grammar. In E. Bernal , & J. DeCesaris (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIII EURALEX International Congress (pp. 49–68). Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Fillmore, C. J. , & Baker, C. F.
    (2010) A Frames Approach to Semantic Analysis. In B. Heine & H. Narrog (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis (pp. 313–339). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Fillmore, C. J. , & Kay, P.
    (1996) Construction Grammar Coursebook. Ms. Department of linguistics, University of California at Berkeley.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Fillmore, C. J. , Kay, P. & O’Connor, M. C.
    (1988) Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical constructions. The case of let alone . Language, 64, 501–538. doi: 10.2307/414531
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414531 [Google Scholar]
  26. Fillmore, C. J. , Lee-Goldman, R. , & Rhomieux, R.
    (2012) The FrameNet Constructicon. In H. C. Boas & I. A. Sag (Eds.), Sign-Based Construction Grammar (pp. 309–372). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. FrameNet
    . https://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu/fndrupal/
  28. Fried, M. , & Östman, J. -O.
    (Eds.) (2004) Construction Grammar in a cross-language perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.2
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.2 [Google Scholar]
  29. Goldberg, A. E.
    (1995) Constructions. A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. (2003) Constructions: A new theoretical approach to language. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 219–224. doi: 10.1016/S1364‑6613(03)00080‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00080-9 [Google Scholar]
  31. (2006) Constructions at Work. The Nature of Generalizations in Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. (2013) Constructionist approaches. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 15–31). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Hilpert, M.
    (2013) Constructional Change in English: Developments in Allomorphy, Word Formation, and Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139004206
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139004206 [Google Scholar]
  34. (2014) Construction Grammar and its Application to English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. (2015) From hand-carved to computer-based: Noun-participle compounding and the upward strengthening hypothesis. Cognitive Linguistics, 26, 113–147. doi: 10.1515/cog‑2014‑0001
     https://doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0001 [Google Scholar]
  36. Jurafsky, D.
    (1991) An On-line Computational Model of Human Sentence Interpretation: A Theory of the Representation and Use of Linguistic Knowledge. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Kay, P. , & Fillmore, C. J.
    (1999) Grammatical constructions and linguistic generalizations. The What’s X doing Y? construction. Language, 75, 1–34. doi: 10.2307/417472
     https://doi.org/10.2307/417472 [Google Scholar]
  38. Lakoff, G.
    (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226471013.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  39. Langacker, R. W.
    (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, vol.1. Theoretical prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. (2008) Cognitive Grammar. A basic introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331967.001.0001 [Google Scholar]
  41. Laviola, A.
    (2015) Frames e Construções em Contraste: uma análise comparativa português-inglês no tangente à implementação de constructicons. MA Thesis, Federal University of Juiz de Fora.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Lyngfelt, B. , & Sköldberg, E.
    (2013) Lexikon och konstruktikon – ett konstruktionsgrammatiskt perspektiv på lexikografi [‘Lexicon and constructicon – a constructionist perspective on lexicography’]. LexicoNordica, 20, 75–91.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Michaelis, L. A.
    (2012) Making the case for Construction Grammar. H. C. Boas & I. A. Sag (Eds.) (2012), Sign-Based Construction Grammar (pp. 31–67). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Pulvermüller, F. , Cappelle, B. , & Shtyrov, Y.
    (2013) Brain Basis of Meaning, Words, Constructions, and Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 397–416). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Ruppenhofer, J. , Ellsworth, M. , Petruck, M. R. L. , Johnson, C. R. , & Scheffczyk, J.
    (2016) FrameNet II: extended theory and practice. Berkeley: ICSI. Retrieved fromhttps://framenet2.icsi.berkeley.edu/docs/r1.7/book.pdf
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Sag, I. A.
    (2010) English filler-gap constructions. Language, 86, 486–545. doi: 10.1353/lan.2010.0002
     https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2010.0002 [Google Scholar]
  47. (2012) Sign-Based Construction Grammar: An Informal Synopsis. H. C. Boas & I. A. Sag (Eds.) (2012), Sign-Based Construction Grammar (pp. 69–202). Stanford: CSLI Publications.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Schmid, H. -J.
    (2015) A blueprint of the Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association, 3, 1–27. doi: 10.1515/gcla‑2015‑0002
     https://doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2015-0002 [Google Scholar]
  49. Steels, L.
    (2013) Fluid Construction Grammar. In Th. Hoffmann & G. Trousdale (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar (pp. 153–167). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. (Ed.) (2011) Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cal.11
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.11 [Google Scholar]
  51. Svensén, B.
    (2009) A Handbook of Lexicography. The Theory and Practice of Dictionary-Making. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Tomasello, M.
    (2003) Constructing a Language: A Usage-Based Theory of Language Acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. van Trijp, R. , & Steels, L.
    (2012) Multilevel alignment maintains language systematicity. Advances in Complex Systems, 15(3–4), 1–30.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Van de Velde, F.
    (2012) Degeneracy: The maintenance of constructional networks. Leuven Working Papers in Linguistics, 1, 24–61.
     [Google Scholar]

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