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On the emergence of two classes of clitic clusters in Italo-Romance

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This contribution deals with the make-up of Italo-Romance clitic sequences. Building on Kayne (1994), I will argue that some clitic combinations are clusters in which one clitic is left-adjoined to the other, while others are split sequences formed by adjacent clitic heads. In particular, on the basis of morphological evidence, I will argue that clusters are formed via a process of root incorporation. Evidence supporting this view comes from both diachronic and synchronic data. Diachronically, I argue that the emergence of cluster configurations resulted in a change reversing the order of certain clitic combinations (roughly, from accusative > dative to dative > accusative). Synchronically, clusters differ from split combinations as the latter can be marginally separated.

References

  1. Aski, Janice & Cinzia Russi
    2010 “The pragmatic functionality of atonic double object clitic clusters in 14th-century Florentine”. Folia Linguistica Historica31.47–96.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Cardinaletti, Anna
    2008 “On different types of clitic clusters”. The Bantu–Romance Connection, ed. by Cécile De Cat & Katherine Demuth , 41–82. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.131.06car
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.131.06car [Google Scholar]
  3. Halle, Morris & James Harris
    2005 “Unexpected Plural Inflections in Spanish: Reduplication and Methatesis”. Linguistic Inquiry36:2.195–222. doi: 10.1162/0024389052993673
     https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389052993673 [Google Scholar]
  4. Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz
    1993 “Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection”. The View from Building 20ed. by Kenneth Hale & S. Jay Keyser , 111–176. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Harris, James
    1994 “The syntax-phonology mapping in Catalan and Spanish clitics”. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics21.321–353.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Jones, Michael Allan
    1993 Sardinian Syntax. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Kayne, Richard
    1994 The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 2000 Parameters and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 2010 “Toward a Syntactic Reinterpretation of Harris and Halle (2005)”. Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2008, Selected papers from 'Going Romance' Groningen 2008ed. by Reineke Bok-Bennema , Brigitte Kampers-Manhe & Bart Hollebrandse , 145–170. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/rllt.2
     https://doi.org/10.1075/rllt.2 [Google Scholar]
  10. Manzini, Maria Rita & Leonardo Savoia
    2005 I dialetti italiani e romance. Morfosintassi generativa. Alessandria: Edizioni Dell’Orso.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 2009 “Morphology dissolves into syntax: Infixation and Doubling in Romance languages”. Annali Online di Ferrara – Lettere1.1–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Pescarini, Diego
    2010 “Elsewhere in Romance: Evidence from Clitic Clusters”. Linguistic Inquiry41:3.427–444. doi: 10.1162/LING_a_00003
     https://doi.org/10.1162/LING_a_00003 [Google Scholar]
  13. . 2014. “Prosodic restructuring and morphological opacity. The evolution of Italo-Romance clitic clusters”. Diachrony and Dialects: Grammatical Change in the Dialects of Italy ed. by Adam Ledgeway , Nigel Vincent & Paola Benincà . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Rizzi, Luigi
    1982 Issues in Italian Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris. doi: 10.1515/9783110883718
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110883718 [Google Scholar]
  15. Tortora, Christina
    . 2014. “On the relation between functional architecture and patterns of change in Romance clitic syntax”. Proceedings of LSRL 41 ed. by Marie-Hélène Côté , Éric Mathieu & Shana Poplack Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cilt.333.22tor
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.333.22tor [Google Scholar]
  16. BoccDec = Giovanni Boccaccio
    Decameron ed. by Vittore Branca . Firenze: Accademia della Crusca 1976.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. BoccFil = Giovanni Boccaccio
    , Filocolo ed. by Enzo Quaglio . Milan: Mondadori 1967.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Fiore = Dante Alighieri
    (attributed to) ed. by Gianfranco Contini . Milan: Mondadori 1984.

References

  1. Aski, Janice & Cinzia Russi
    2010 “The pragmatic functionality of atonic double object clitic clusters in 14th-century Florentine”. Folia Linguistica Historica31.47–96.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Cardinaletti, Anna
    2008 “On different types of clitic clusters”. The Bantu–Romance Connection, ed. by Cécile De Cat & Katherine Demuth , 41–82. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.131.06car
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.131.06car [Google Scholar]
  3. Halle, Morris & James Harris
    2005 “Unexpected Plural Inflections in Spanish: Reduplication and Methatesis”. Linguistic Inquiry36:2.195–222. doi: 10.1162/0024389052993673
     https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389052993673 [Google Scholar]
  4. Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz
    1993 “Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection”. The View from Building 20ed. by Kenneth Hale & S. Jay Keyser , 111–176. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Harris, James
    1994 “The syntax-phonology mapping in Catalan and Spanish clitics”. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics21.321–353.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Jones, Michael Allan
    1993 Sardinian Syntax. London: Routledge.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Kayne, Richard
    1994 The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. 2000 Parameters and Universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. 2010 “Toward a Syntactic Reinterpretation of Harris and Halle (2005)”. Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory 2008, Selected papers from 'Going Romance' Groningen 2008ed. by Reineke Bok-Bennema , Brigitte Kampers-Manhe & Bart Hollebrandse , 145–170. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/rllt.2
     https://doi.org/10.1075/rllt.2 [Google Scholar]
  10. Manzini, Maria Rita & Leonardo Savoia
    2005 I dialetti italiani e romance. Morfosintassi generativa. Alessandria: Edizioni Dell’Orso.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. 2009 “Morphology dissolves into syntax: Infixation and Doubling in Romance languages”. Annali Online di Ferrara – Lettere1.1–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Pescarini, Diego
    2010 “Elsewhere in Romance: Evidence from Clitic Clusters”. Linguistic Inquiry41:3.427–444. doi: 10.1162/LING_a_00003
     https://doi.org/10.1162/LING_a_00003 [Google Scholar]
  13. . 2014. “Prosodic restructuring and morphological opacity. The evolution of Italo-Romance clitic clusters”. Diachrony and Dialects: Grammatical Change in the Dialects of Italy ed. by Adam Ledgeway , Nigel Vincent & Paola Benincà . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Rizzi, Luigi
    1982 Issues in Italian Syntax. Dordrecht: Foris. doi: 10.1515/9783110883718
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110883718 [Google Scholar]
  15. Tortora, Christina
    . 2014. “On the relation between functional architecture and patterns of change in Romance clitic syntax”. Proceedings of LSRL 41 ed. by Marie-Hélène Côté , Éric Mathieu & Shana Poplack Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/cilt.333.22tor
     https://doi.org/10.1075/cilt.333.22tor [Google Scholar]
  16. BoccDec = Giovanni Boccaccio
    Decameron ed. by Vittore Branca . Firenze: Accademia della Crusca 1976.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. BoccFil = Giovanni Boccaccio
    , Filocolo ed. by Enzo Quaglio . Milan: Mondadori 1967.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Fiore = Dante Alighieri
    (attributed to) ed. by Gianfranco Contini . Milan: Mondadori 1984.

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