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Causatives, anticausatives and lexicalization

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Moroccan Arabic has many transitive verbs that are causative in form and meaning but lack intransitive variants that are non-causative in form and meaning. Instead, the non-causative intransitive use of these verbs requires morphosyntactic derivation by anticausativization. This article explores the hypothesis that the causative verbs in question may not derive from abstract roots via non-attested non-causative forms, but rather, from lexicalizations with a fossilized causative form. Moreover, they appear to be the manifestation of a broader typological tendency that invites alignment with detransitivizing languages, which lexicalize transitive forms and derive intransitive variants by anticausativization (Nichols et al. 2004).

e-Book ISBN 9789027269485
  • Affiliations: 1: University College Dublin

References

  1. Alexiadou, Artemis , Elena Anagnostopoulou , and Florian Schäfer
    2006 “The Properties of Anticausatives Crosslinguistically.” In Phases of Interpretation, ed. by Mara Frascarelli , 187–211. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110197723.4.187
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  3. Croft, William A
    1991 Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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  4. Chierchia, Gennaro
    2004 “A Semantics for Unaccusatives and its Syntactic Consequences.” In The Unaccusativisity Puzzle, ed. by Artemis Alexiadou , Elena Anagnostopoulou , and Martin Everaert , 22–59. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257652.003.0002
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    2003 “Agency and Voice: The Semantics of Semitic Templates.”Natural Language Semantics11: 1–67. doi: 10.1023/A:1023021423453
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    2012 Key Features and Parameters in Arabic Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.182
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  7. Grimshaw, Jane
    1982 “On the Lexical Representation of Romance Reflexive Clitics.” In The Internal Representation of Grammatical Relations, ed. by Joan Bresnan , 87–148. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Guerssel, Mohamed
    1987 “On Berber Verbs of Change: A Study of Transitivity Alternations.” Lexicon Project Working Papers #9. Centre for Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Hopper, Paul J. , and Elizabeth Closs Traugott
    2003 Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139165525
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  10. Koontz-Garboden, Andrew
    2009 “Anticausativisation.”Natural Language and Linguistic Theory27: 77–138. doi: 10.1007/s11049‑008‑9058‑9
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    2004 “Transitivizing and Detransitivising Languages.”Linguistic Typology8: 149–212. doi: 10.1515/lity.2004.005
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    2011 “Categorization and the Interface Levels.” In Interfaces in Linguistics: New Research Perspectives, ed. by Raffaella Folli , and Christiane Ulbrich , 116–134. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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     [Google Scholar]
  19. Reinhart, Tanya , and Tal Siloni
    2005 “The Lexicon-syntax Parameter: Reflexivization and Other Arity Operations.”Linguistic Inquiry36: 389–436. doi: 10.1162/0024389054396881
     https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389054396881 [Google Scholar]
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    1990 “Semantic Parameters of Split Intransitivity.”Language66: 221–260. doi: 10.2307/414886
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References

  1. Alexiadou, Artemis , Elena Anagnostopoulou , and Florian Schäfer
    2006 “The Properties of Anticausatives Crosslinguistically.” In Phases of Interpretation, ed. by Mara Frascarelli , 187–211. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi: 10.1515/9783110197723.4.187
     https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197723.4.187 [Google Scholar]
  2. Arbaoui, Norelhouda
    2010 Les dix formes de l’arabe classique à l’interface syntaxe/phonologie. Thèse de doctorat, Université Paris 7-Diderot.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Croft, William A
    1991 Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Chierchia, Gennaro
    2004 “A Semantics for Unaccusatives and its Syntactic Consequences.” In The Unaccusativisity Puzzle, ed. by Artemis Alexiadou , Elena Anagnostopoulou , and Martin Everaert , 22–59. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257652.003.0002
     https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199257652.003.0002 [Google Scholar]
  5. Doron, Edit
    2003 “Agency and Voice: The Semantics of Semitic Templates.”Natural Language Semantics11: 1–67. doi: 10.1023/A:1023021423453
     https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023021423453 [Google Scholar]
  6. Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader
    2012 Key Features and Parameters in Arabic Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/la.182
     https://doi.org/10.1075/la.182 [Google Scholar]
  7. Grimshaw, Jane
    1982 “On the Lexical Representation of Romance Reflexive Clitics.” In The Internal Representation of Grammatical Relations, ed. by Joan Bresnan , 87–148. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Guerssel, Mohamed
    1987 “On Berber Verbs of Change: A Study of Transitivity Alternations.” Lexicon Project Working Papers #9. Centre for Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Hopper, Paul J. , and Elizabeth Closs Traugott
    2003 Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139165525
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139165525 [Google Scholar]
  10. Koontz-Garboden, Andrew
    2009 “Anticausativisation.”Natural Language and Linguistic Theory27: 77–138. doi: 10.1007/s11049‑008‑9058‑9
     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-008-9058-9 [Google Scholar]
  11. Levin, Beth , and Malka Rappaport Hovav
    1995 Unaccusativity: At the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. 1998 “Morphology and Lexical Semantics.” In Handbook of Morophology, ed. by Andrew Spencer , and Arnold Zwicky , 248–271. Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. 2005 Argument Realization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511610479
     https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610479 [Google Scholar]
  14. Lowenstamm, Jean
    2007 “On Little n, ROOT, and Types of Nouns.” In The Sounds of Silence: Empty Elements in Syntax and Phonology, ed. by Jutta Hartmann , Veronika Hegedus , and Henk van Riemsdijk , 105–144. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Nichols, Johanna , David Peterson , and Jonathan Barnes
    2004 “Transitivizing and Detransitivising Languages.”Linguistic Typology8: 149–212. doi: 10.1515/lity.2004.005
     https://doi.org/10.1515/lity.2004.005 [Google Scholar]
  16. Ouhalla, Jamal
    2011 “Categorization and the Interface Levels.” In Interfaces in Linguistics: New Research Perspectives, ed. by Raffaella Folli , and Christiane Ulbrich , 116–134. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. 2012a “Lexical Change and the Structure of the Lexicon.” In Of Grammar, Words and Verses, ed. by Esther Torrego , 41–66. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/lfab.8.06ouh
     https://doi.org/10.1075/lfab.8.06ouh [Google Scholar]
  18. 2012b “The Development of Future Markers in Root-frames and Satellite-frames: Arabic and French GO(ING) versus English and Berber GO(ING)+TO.” Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement 29: Grammaticalization in Semitic, ed. by Domenyk Eades , 3–30.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Reinhart, Tanya , and Tal Siloni
    2005 “The Lexicon-syntax Parameter: Reflexivization and Other Arity Operations.”Linguistic Inquiry36: 389–436. doi: 10.1162/0024389054396881
     https://doi.org/10.1162/0024389054396881 [Google Scholar]
  20. Van Valin, Robert D., Jr
    1990 “Semantic Parameters of Split Intransitivity.”Language66: 221–260. doi: 10.2307/414886
     https://doi.org/10.2307/414886 [Google Scholar]

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