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1 - 100 of 238 results
Subject
- Theoretical linguistics [79] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-theor
- Pragmatics [62] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-prag
- Syntax [59] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-syntax
- Discourse studies [51] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-disc
- Semantics [48] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-seman
- Cognition and language [42] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cogn
- Sociolinguistics and Dialectology [25] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-socio
- Generative linguistics [23] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-gener
- Morphology [23] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-morph
- Bilingualism [20] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-bil
- Cognitive linguistics [19] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cogpsy
- English linguistics [18] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-eng
- Communication Studies [17] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/comm-cgen
- Historical linguistics [17] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-hl
- Philosophy [16] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-gen
- Germanic linguistics [15] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-germ
- Language acquisition [15] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-la
- Applied linguistics [14] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-appl
- Consciousness research [12] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/cons-gen
- Typology [12] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-typ
- Translation studies [12] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/tran-transl
- Theoretical literature & literary studies [11] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-theor
- Cognitive psychology [11] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/psy-cogpsy
- Corpus linguistics [8] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-corp
- Language teaching [8] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-educ
- History of linguistics [8] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-hol
- Romance linguistics [8] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-rom
- Language policy [7] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-lapo
- Romance literature & literary studies [6] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-rom
- Contact Linguistics [5] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-cont
- Functional linguistics [5] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-funct
- Psycholinguistics [5] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-psylin
- Anthropological Linguistics [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-anthr
- Computational & corpus linguistics [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-comput
- Gesture Studies [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-gest
- Japanese linguistics [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-japanese
- Natural language processing [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-nlp
- Medieval philosophy [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-med
- Neuropsychology [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/psy-neuro
- Lexicography [4] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/term-lex
- Creole studies [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-creo
- Evolution of language [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-evo
- Other Indo-European languages [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-othie
- Semiotics [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-sem
- English literature & literary studies [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-engl
- Semiotics [3] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-sem
- General studies in art & art history [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/art-gen
- Interaction Studies [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/is-gis
- Comparative linguistics [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-comp
- Language documentation [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-landoc
- Comparative literature & literary studies [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-comp
- Sociology [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/soc-gen
- Terminology [2] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/term-term
- Dictionaries [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/art-dict
- Afro-Asiatic languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-afas
- Altaic languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-alta
- Austronesian languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-ausnes
- Basque linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-basque
- Celtic languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-celt
- Forensic linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-for
- Linguistics of isolated languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-isol
- Sino-Tibetan languages [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-sitib
- Slavic linguistics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-slav
- Languages of South America [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-soam
- Writing and literacy [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin-writ
- German literature & literary studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-germli
- Medieval literature & literary studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-med
- Other literatures [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit-othlit
- Miscellaneous [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/misc-gen
- Industrial & organizational studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/misc-indroc
- Classical philosophy [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-class
- Semiotics [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil-sem
- Industrial & organizational studies [1] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/psy-indroc
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- 2024 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2024
- 2023 [4] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2023
- 2022 [4] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2022
- 2021 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2021
- 2020 [8] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2020
- 2019 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2019
- 2018 [5] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2018
- 2017 [10] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2017
- 2016 [12] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2016
- 2015 [8] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2015
- 2014 [11] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2014
- 2013 [11] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2013
- 2012 [13] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2012
- 2011 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2011
- 2010 [9] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2010
- 2009 [12] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2009
- 2008 [8] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2008
- 2007 [9] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2007
- 2006 [5] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2006
- 2005 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2005
- 2004 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2004
- 2003 [8] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2003
- 2002 [8] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2002
- 2001 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2001
- 2000 [6] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2000
- 1999 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1999
- 1998 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1998
- 1997 [4] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1997
- 1996 [2] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1996
- 1995 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1995
- 1993 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1993
- 1992 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1992
- 1991 [5] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1991
- 1990 [4] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1990
- 1989 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1989
- 1988 [2] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1988
- 1987 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1987
- 1986 [2] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1986
- 1985 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1985
- 1984 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1984
- 1983 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1983
- 1982 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1982
- 1981 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1981
- 1980 [2] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1980
- 1967 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1967
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Machine Translation
Author(s): John Lehrberger and Laurent BourbeauPublication Date January 1988More LessThe use of the computer in translating natural languages ranges from that of a translator's aid for word processing and dictionary lookup to that of a full-fledged translator on its own. However the obstacles to translating by means of the computer are primarily linguistic. To overcome them it is necessary to resolve the ambiguities that pervade a natural language when words and sentences are viewed in isolation. The problem then is to formalize, in the computer, these aspects of natural language understanding. The authors show how, from a linguistic point of view, one may form some idea of what goes on inside a system's black box, given only the input (original text) and the raw output (translated text before post-editing). Many examples of English/French translation are used to illustrate the principles involved.
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The Macregol Gospels or The Rushworth Gospels
Editor(s): Kenichi TamotoPublication Date May 2013More LessThis work is composed of two parts. The first or introductory part, contains a palaeographical discussion about Bodleian Library, MS Auctarium D.2.19, that is to say, the MacRegol Gospels or the Rushworth Gospels, edited by Kenichi Tamoto, and which forms the second and main part of this book. The provenience of the MS, the Latin text, the use of the MS, and the Old English gloss are discussed in detail in the introductory part. The chief aim that the author set himself is firstly to survey preceding printed versions of the MS, such as Stevenson & Waring (1856-65) and W.W. Skeat (1871-87), and secondly to publish the complete edition of the MS with the whole Latin text interlineally glossed in Old English. This work will stimulate further research into the MS, in particular the comparative study of Old English glosses, such as those of the Lindisfarne Gospels.
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Made-in-Canada Humour
Author(s): Beverly J. RasporichPublication Date October 2015More LessMade-in-Canada-Humour is an interdisciplinary survey and analysis of Canadian humour and humorists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book focuses on a variety of genres. It includes celebrated Canadian writers and poets with ironic and satiric perspectives; oral storytellers of tall tales in the country and the city; newspaper print humorists; representative national and regional cartoonists; and comedians of stage, radio and television. The humour gives voice to Canadian values and experiences, and consequently, techniques and styles of humour particular to the country. While a persistent comic theme has been joking at the expense of the United States, both countries have influenced one another’s humour. Canada’s unique humorous tradition also reflects its emergence from a colonial country to a postcolonial and postmodern nation with contemporary humour that addresses gender and racial issues.
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Main Clause Phenomena
Editor(s): Lobke Aelbrecht, Liliane Haegeman and Rachel NyePublication Date June 2012More LessMain Clause Phenomena: New Horizons takes the study of Main Clause Phenomena (MCP) into the 21st century, without neglecting the origins of the topic. It brings together work by both established and up-and-coming scholars, who present analyses for a wide range of MCP, from a variety of languages, with a particular focus on particles and agreement markers, complementizers and verb second, and the licensing of MCP in different types of clauses. Besides enriching the empirical domain, this volume also engages with the theoretical question of how best to capture the distribution of MCP and, in particular, to what extent they are embeddable and why. The diverse patterns and analyses presented challenge the idea that MCP constitute a homogeneous class. Main Clause Phenomena: New Horizons is of interest not just to scholars specializing in the study of MCP, but to all linguists interested in the syntax and/or semantics of the clause.
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Maintenance and Loss of Minority Languages
Editor(s): Willem Fase, Koen Jaspaert and Sjaak KroonPublication Date June 1992More LessThe papers in this volume describe a wide variety of language contact settings in which one or more languages are in a process of shift. In the first part of the book theoretical perspectives are presented, followed by linguistic, sociological and descriptive studies of languages and countries that have attracted the interest of researchers before, as well as less well known examples. Data are presented from: the Philippines, Korea, Japan, Israel, The Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Sweden, Spain, Denmark, Morocco, Finland, Malaysia, Germany, USA, Ireland, India, Tanzania and Australia.
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Major versus Minor? – Languages and Literatures in a Globalized World
Editor(s): Theo D’haen, Iannis Goerlandt and Roger D. SellPublication Date October 2015More LessDo the notions of “World Lingua Franca” and “World Literature” now need to be firmly relegated to an imperialist-cum-colonialist past? Or can they be rehabilitated in a practical and equitable way that fully endorses a politics of recognition? For scholars in the field of languages and literatures, this is the central dilemma to be faced in a world that is increasingly globalized. In this book, the possible banes and benefits of globalization are illuminated from many different viewpoints by scholars based in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. Among their more particular topics of discussion are: language spread, language hegemony, and language conservation; literary canons, literature and identity, and literary anthologies; and the bearing of the new communication technologies on languages and literatures alike. Throughout the book, however, the most frequently explored opposition is between languages or literatures perceived as “major” and others perceived as “minor”, two terms which are sometimes qualitative in connotation, sometimes quantitative, and sometimes both at once, depending on who is using them and with reference to what.
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Make Peace and Take Victory
Author(s): Patricia RonanPublication Date January 2012More LessThis corpus-based study examines the use of support verb constructions in Old English and Old Irish. It determines in how far these constructions can be seen as a means to offer semantic specification of existing verbal expressions. The study further investigates whether support verb constructions may be employed to create periphrastic verbal expressions to denote concepts for which no simple verb exists in the language at that stage. This latter situation may particularly arise as a consequence of contact with new cultural concepts. The approach of the study is both qualitative and quantitative. It compares the use of the Old English constructions to corresponding Old Irish structures as well as to other language varieties, especially Present Day English, which has a considerably more analytic morphological structure than either of the two medieval languages.
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Making and Using Word Lists for Language Learning and Testing
Author(s): I.S.P. NationPublication Date September 2016More LessWord lists lie at the heart of good vocabulary course design, the development of graded materials for extensive listening and extensive reading, research on vocabulary load, and vocabulary test development. This book has been written for vocabulary researchers and curriculum designers to describe the factors they need to consider when they create frequency-based word lists. These include the purpose for which the word list is to be used, the design of the corpus from which the list will be made, the unit of counting, and what should and should not be counted as words. The book draws on research to show the current state of knowledge of these factors and provides very practical guidelines for making word lists for language teaching and testing. The writer is well known for his work in the teaching and learning of vocabulary and in the creation of word lists and vocabulary size tests based on word lists.
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Making Minds
Editor(s): Petra Hauf and Friedrich FörsterlingPublication Date March 2007More LessSocial stimuli are important proximate determinants of human thought, action, and behaviour. But does the social environment also have deeper, profounder, and possibly more distal impact on more lasting psychological structures and forms, generalizing across time and domains, such as traits, self-consciousness, abilities, and talents? This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to the question of if, how, and how far the mind is socially fabricated: Philosophical contributions address conceptual tools for analyses of how person perceivers shape the psychological structures of the person perceived. Social psychologists consider some of the more local mechanisms of “mind making”, including self fulfilling prophecies, attributions, and self-verification. Moreover, they address the dramatic consequences of being ostracised. From a clinical perspective it is investigated how patients’ immediate social environment (e.g., the family) impacts on schizophrenic relapse. In addition, developmental psychologists report on investigations of the role of social factors, e.g., imitative learning, for the development of the social self. Finally an ethological perspective demonstrates the susceptibility of animals to social stimuli. These papers were previously published as Interaction Studies 6:1 and 6:3 (2005).
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The Making of a Mixed Language
Author(s): Maarten MousPublication Date December 2003More LessThe Mbugu (or Ma'á) language (Tanzania) is one of the few genuine mixed languages, reputedly combining Bantu grammar with Cushitic vocabulary. In fact the people speak two languages: one mixed and one closely related to the Bantu language Pare. This book is the first comprehensive description of these languages. It shows that these two languages share one grammar while their lexicon is parallel. In the distant past the people shifted from a Cushitic to a Bantu language and in the process rebuilt a language of their own that expresses their separate ethnic identity in a Bantu environment. This linguistic history is explained in the context of the intricate history of the people. The discussion of the processes that were involved in the formation of Ma'a/Mbugu is extremely relevant for both creole studies and for contact linguistics in general.
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Making Requests by Chinese EFL Learners
Author(s): Vincent X. WangPublication Date May 2011More LessRequests, a speech act people frequently use to perform everyday social interactions, have attracted particular attention in politeness theories, pragmatics, and second language acquisition. This book looks at request behaviours in a significant EFL population – Chinese-speaking learners of English. It will draw on recent literature, such as politeness theories and cognitive models for interlanguage pragmatics development, as well as placing special emphasis on situational context and formulaic language to provide a more fine-grained investigation. A range of request scenarios has been specifically designed for this project, from common service encounters to highly face-threatening situations such as borrowing money and asking a favour of police officer. Our findings on Chinese-style pragmatic behaviours and patterns of pragmatic development will be of value to cross-cultural pragmatics researchers, TESOL professionals, and university students with an interest in this area of study.
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Management and Organization Paradoxes
Editor(s): Stewart R. CleggPublication Date June 2002More LessParadox — the simultaneous existence of two inconsistent states — has become orthodox. The orthodox is now the paradox. The orthodox world of ordering, controlling and organizing is increasingly opposed to a normalizing world of disordering, disrupting and disorganizing. And organization studies cannot avoid changing its conceptions of reality as that reality changes. In the future, organization studies will be the study of paradox, how to understand it, how to use it.
In this book of original contributions addressed to management and organization paradoxes the authors address the new state of the field in terms of representations — representing paradoxes — and materialisations — materialising paradoxes. The themes — although varied, ranging from dialectics to internal tensions; from collaborations to ethics and value conflicts; from resistant labourers and wharfies to cartoon characters such as The Simpsons; from the irrationalities of finance to the psychoanalytic rationalities of auditing, and from issues of governance in Asian and international business to the composition of the new knowledge work force in the business professions — cohere around core aspects of paradoxicality.
Overall, the contributions to Management and Organization Paradoxes are diverse and challenging. Each contribution takes a different angle on the central theme. All of the chapters illuminate diverse aspects of contemporary paradoxes in management and organization theory. The book provides, in each of its chapters, a challenge to the still overwhelmingly rationalist views of theory and practice that dominate the field and provides new directions for understanding organizations and management.The contributors are drawn from leading European, Australian and Latin American contributors.
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Managing Language
Author(s): Francesca Bargiela and Sandra J. HarrisPublication Date June 1997More LessThe book attempts to answer the question: what do managers in multinational companies really do during meetings? Following fieldwork in three corporations in Britain and Italy, the picture that emerges is one that challenges the widespread understanding of meetings as boring, routine events in the life of an organisation. As the recordings analysed in the book show, organisational meanings and relations come into existence through verbal interaction; these are challenged and manipulated in a constant process of sense-making in search of coherence which engages managers in their daily work life. The pragmatics of pronominalisation, metaphors and discourse markers, as well as thematic development, reveal the dynamics of sense-making in both English and Italian. The ‘native’ perspective adopted in Part One of the book is complemented , in Part Two, by a contrastive study of the structural and pragmatic properties of meetings in the corporate and cultural contexts of the British and Italian multinationals, respectively. Finally, the intercultural dimension of corporate communication is vividly portrayed in the experience of managers of an Anglo-Italian joint venture examined in the concluding chapter.
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Managing Plurilingual and Intercultural Practices in the Workplace
Editor(s): Georges Lüdi, Katharina Höchle Meier and Patchareerat YanaprasartPublication Date October 2016More LessThe contributions in this volume stem from different lines of research and represent both a continuation and an advancement of the European DYLAN project. The book addresses the meanings and implications of multilingualism and plurilingual repertoires as well as the ways in which cultural diversity is managed in companies and institutions in Switzerland. Characterised by official quadrilingualism, but also by new dimensions of multilingualism resulting from massive immigration, important workforce mobility and increasing globalisation, Switzerland offers an ideal laboratory for studying phenomena linked to multilingualism and cultural diversity.
On the one hand, a special focus is put on the best practices of diversity management and language regimes with particular attention paid to the interplay between official languages and English, and to ways of leveraging diversity awareness, fostering cultural inclusiveness and enhancing intercultural learning in vocational education and training.
On the other hand, the chapters examine at close range the way actors' plurilingual repertoires are developed and how their use is adapted to particular objectives and specific conditions. Being observed in several types of multilingual professional settings, the plurilingual strategies, including English as lingua franca, are particularly examined in terms of power relations and processes of inclusion or exclusion.
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Manipulation and Ideologies in the Twentieth Century
Editor(s): Louis de Saussure and Peter J. SchulzPublication Date December 2005More LessThis book is a collection of 12 papers dealing with manipulation and ideology in the 20th century, mostly with reference to political speeches by the leaders of major totalitarian regimes, but also addressing propaganda within contemporary right-wing populism and western ideological rhetoric. This book aims at bringing together researchers in the field of ideology reproduction in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of speaker-favourable belief inculcation through language use. The book covers a wide range of theoretical perspectives, from psychosocial approaches and discourse analysis to semantics and cognitive linguistics and pragmatics. The book’s central concern is to provide not only a reference work with up-to-date information on the analysis of manipulation in discourse but also a number of tools for the scholar, some of them being developed within theories originally not designed to address belief-change through language interpretation. Foreword by Frans van Eemeren.
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The Manipulative Disguise of Truth
Author(s): Viviana MasiaPublication Date May 2021More LessBecoming effective hunters of manipulative communicative moves is far from an easy capacity to develop. This book aims at offering a guide to the most dangerous traps of deceptive language as triggered by implicit communication strategies such as presupposition, implicature, topicalization and vague expressions. A look at different contexts of language use highlights some of the most remarkable implications of using indirect speech and of how it affects the correct comprehension of a message. Within the remit of communication and pragmatics studies, this work marks an advancement in the direction of delving into the linguistic manifestations of manipulative discourse, its most common contexts of use and the educational paths that can be undertaken to master it in everyday interactions.
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Manners, Norms and Transgressions in the History of English
Editor(s): Andreas H. Jucker and Irma TaavitsainenPublication Date August 2020More LessThis volume traces the multifaceted concept of manners in the history of English from the late medieval through the early and late modern periods right up to the present day. It focuses in particular on transgressions of manners and norms of behaviour as an analytical tool to shed light on the discourse of polite conduct and styles of writing. The papers collected in this volume adopt both literary and linguistic perspectives. The fictional sources range from medieval romances and Shakespearean plays to eighteenth-century drama, Lewis Carroll’s Alice books and present-day television comedy drama. The non-fictional data includes conduct books, medical debates and petitions written by lower class women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The contributions focus in particular on the following questions: What are the social and political ideologies behind rules of etiquette and norms of interaction, and what can we learn from blunders and other transgressions?
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Manual of Specialised Lexicography
Editor(s): Henning Bergenholtz and Sven TarpPublication Date July 1995More LessFrom 1990–1994 the Danish Research Council for the Humanities granted a research project entitled “translation of LSP texts”, which was initially split up into five part-projects, one of which has been concerned with LSP lexicography.
The Manual of Specialised Lexicography is one of the results of the research undertaken by this project. The primary purpose of the Manual is to contribute towards an improved basis for practical specialised lexicography, which has so far had but a small share in the explosive development that has taken place in general-language lexicography since the early 1970s. One implication of this is that only to a limited extent has it been possible to build upon existing findings.
The Manual thus has the twofold aim of offering guidance and direction to authors of specialised dictionaries as well as contributing towards the further development of lexicographical theories.
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Manufacturing Dissent
Editor(s): Cornelia IliePublication Date January 2024More LessSpotlighting case studies of manipulation practices at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis in different countries and socio-political circumstances, the authors expose context-specific discourse and argumentation strategies of 'infodemics’ (misleading information and fake news), public policy mismanagement, deceptive online and offline communication tactics, and conspiracy narratives, which end up disrupting community social cohesion. In addition to targeting manipulation-driven dissent across discourse genres through corpus-based investigations, a major strength of this volume consists in debunking manipulation while foregrounding compelling acts of counter-manipulation.
The volume’s breadth of topics, depth of analytical insights and range of methodological frameworks provide unique perspectives by capturing crisis-related manipulations across a worldwide political and cultural spectrum (Austria, Brazil, China, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States), with a focus on the scale and extent of multifaceted repercussions. Reaching beyond the boundaries of pragmatics and discourse analysis, this book should be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners of rhetoric, argumentation, media studies, social and political sciences.
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Mapping Genres, Mapping Culture
Editor(s): Elizabeth A. Thomson, Motoki Sano and Helen de Silva JoycePublication Date December 2017More LessThe purpose of this book is to contribute to our understanding of genre and genre variation in the Japanese language in order to bring to consciousness the nature of Japanese culture and the presuppositions, norms and values found within Japanese society. This type of knowledge enables interventions and agency, as knowing how language works within a culture makes it possible to consciously accept it or to influence and shape it into the future. The various chapters seek to explore social contexts and the norms, values and practices of Japanese culture through the language choices in analysed texts in literature, education, the workplace and in print-based media. These genres collectively form part of the cultural fabric of Japan. The book represents a first step in documenting a selected set of Japanese genres from a social semiotic perspective. It will be of interest to students and scholars in a wide range of linguistic fields, such as Japanese descriptive linguistics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, systemic functional linguistics and applied linguistics. It should also appeal to teachers and learners of Japanese and to media commentators, students of literature, cultural studies and journalism.
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Mapping Unity and Diversity World-Wide
Editor(s): Marianne Hundt and Ulrike GutPublication Date March 2012More LessThis volume presents a collection of in-depth cross-varietal studies on a broad spectrum of grammatical features in English varieties spoken all over the world. The contributions explore the structural unity and diversity of New Englishes and thus investigate central aspects of dialect evolution and language change. Moreover, this volume offers new insights into the question as to what constrains new dialect formation, and examines universal trends across a wide range of contact situations. The contributions in this volume further study the possibilities and limitations of quantitative and qualitative corpus analyses in comparative studies of New Englishes and exemplify novel approaches, e.g. the contribution of syntactic corpus annotation (tagging and parsing) to the description of New English structures; the use (and limitations) of web-derived data as an additional source of information; and the possibility to complement corpus data with evidence from sociolinguistic fieldwork.
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Maps and Mapping in Children's Literature
Editor(s): Nina Goga and Bettina Kümmerling-MeibauerPublication Date August 2017More LessMaps and Mapping in Children’s Literature is the first comprehensive study that investigates the representation of maps in children’s books as well as the impact of mapping on the depiction of landscapes, seascapes, and cityscapes in children’s literature. The chapters in this volume pursue a comparative approach as they represent a wide spectrum of diverse genres and national children’s literatures by examining a wealth of children’s books from Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the USA. The theoretical and methodological approaches range from literary studies, developmental psychology, maps and geography literacy, ecocriticism, historical contextualization with both new historicist and political-historical leanings, and intermediality to materialist cartographies, cultural studies, island studies, and genre studies. By this, this volume aims at embedding children’s literature in a broader field of literary and cultural studies, thus situating children’s literature research within a general context of literary theory.
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Marathi
Author(s): Ramesh Vaman Dhongde and Kashi WaliPublication Date December 2009More LessMarathi, an Indo-Aryan language, is the official language of Maharashtra, including Mumbai. Father Thomas Stephens, the first English traveler to Goa, a pioneer linguist, wrote Christa Puran in Marathi (1616) and Arte da Lingoa Canarim in Portuguese, printed in (1640). The latter is a grammar of Konkani, a language closely related to Marathi. It is the first grammar of its kind marking a new grammatical tradition for modern Indo-Aryan languages. The present volume contains an extensive account of Marathi phonology, morphology, word formation and syntax. It succinctly describes the accentual system, special compound verb forms, unique pronominal anaphors, complex agreement due to split ergative system, and special pronominal marking. The book also contains a case study of a child’s acquisition of Marathi and an essay on Women’s Language, the two topics that are increasingly becoming relevant to the grammar.
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Marcel Proust and the Strategy of Reading
Author(s): Walter KasellPublication Date January 1980More LessThis study examines Marcel Proust’s works and his readers, starting of with the reading encounter one needs in order not to miss out on things, and ending by exploring the nature of Proust’s vision. An interesting study for everyone who wants to know more about Proust and his ideas.
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Mass and Count in Linguistics, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science
Editor(s): Friederike MoltmannPublication Date December 2020More LessThe mass-count distinction is a morpho-syntactic distinction among nouns that is generally taken to have semantic content. This content is generally taken to reflect a conceptual, cognitive, or ontological distinction and relates to philosophical and cognitive notions of unity, identity, and counting. The mass-count distinction is certainly one of the most interesting and puzzling topics in syntax and semantics that bears on ontology and cognitive science. In many ways, the topic remains under-researched, though, across languages and with respect to particular phenomena within a given language, with respect to its connection to cognition, and with respect to the way it may be understood ontologically. This volume aims to contribute to some of the gaps in the research on the topic, in particular the relation between the syntactic mass-count distinction and semantic and cognitive distinctions, diagnostics for mass and count, the distribution and role of numeral classifiers, abstract mass nouns, and object mass nouns (furniture, police force, clothing).The mass-count distinction is a morpho-syntactic distinction among nouns that is generally taken to have semantic content. This content is generally taken to reflect a conceptual, cognitive, or ontological distinction and relates to philosophical and cognitive notions of unity, identity, and counting. The mass-count distinction is certainly one of the most interesting and puzzling topics in syntax and semantics that bears on ontology and cognitive science. In many ways, the topic remains under-researched, though, across languages and with respect to particular phenomena within a given language, with respect to its connection to cognition, and with respect to the way it may be understood ontologically. This volume aims to contribute to some of the gaps in the research on the topic, in particular the relation between the syntactic mass-count distinction and semantic and cognitive distinctions, diagnostics for mass and count, the distribution and role of numeral classifiers, abstract mass nouns, and object mass nouns (furniture, police force, clothing).
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Master Narratives, Identities, and the Stories of Former Slaves
Author(s): Jonathan Clifton and Dorien Van De MieroopPublication Date March 2016More LessThis book is intended for researchers in the field of narrative from post-graduate level onwards. It analyzes the audio-recordings of the narratives of former slaves from the American South which are now publically available on the Library of Congress website: Voices from the days of slavery. More specifically, this book analyses the identity work of these former slaves and considers how these identities are related to master narratives. The novelty of this book is that through using such a temporally diverse and relatively large corpus, we show how master narratives change according to both the zeitgeist of the here-and-now of the interview world and the historical period that is related in the there-and-then of the story world. Moreover, focusing on the active achievement of master narratives as socially-situated co-constructed discursive accomplishments we analyze how different, inherently unstable and even contradictory versions of master narratives are enacted.
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Materials on Left Dislocation
Editor(s): Elena Anagnostopoulou, Henk van Riemsdijk and Frans ZwartsPublication Date February 1997More LessMaterials on Left Dislocation consists of two parts. Part I contains a selection of the main texts on which our present understanding of the Left Dislocation construction is based. For various reasons most of these texts had never been published, or are published in obsolete places. These articles, by Van Riemsdijk & Zwarts, Rodman, Hirschbuehler, Vat, Cinque and Zaenen, contain the first arguments that pertain to the major questions about Left Dislocation (for example whether movement or base-generation is involved), and they present the rationale for the now standard distinctions between Hanging Topic LD, Contrastive LD, and Clitic LD.
In Part II a number of recent contributions to the grammar of Left Dislocation are brought together. In these articles, by Anagnostopoulou, Demirdache, Escobar, Van Hoof and Wiltschko, new aspects are being explored such as the relationship between LD and the grammar of focus and the role of clitic doubling and its semantic effects in Clitic LD. Furthermore, the empirical basis is broadened to encompass more languages. Finally, these articles explore the relationship between LD and a number of apparently unrelated constructions such as split topicalization.
The book constitutes an indispensable tool for any linguist who seriously works on dislocation phenomena.
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Mathematical and Computational Analysis of Natural Language
Editor(s): Carlos Martín-VidePublication Date October 1998More LessIn the last decade, computational linguistics has produced a revival of the interest in the mathematical study of the various levels of human language. This volume contains a selection of recent research papers approaching mathematical and computational topics in natural languages, with a special attention being paid to syntax and semantics. According with their main focus, the papers are distributed into four parts: Syntax, Semantics, Natural language processing and Varia, which cover a vast range of problems. The book may be of interest to all those who intend to know which kind of mathematics is used when giving account of natural language, as well as to people working on computational issues involving human-machine interaction.
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Mathematics of Language
Editor(s): Alexis Manaster-RamerPublication Date January 1987More LessBy mathematics of language is meant the mathematical properties that may, under certain assumptions about modeling, be attributed to human languages and related symbolic systems, as well as the increasingly active and autonomous scholarly discipline that studies such things. More specifically, the use of techniques developed in a variety of pure and applied mathematics, including logic and the theory of computation, in the discovery and articulation of insights into the structure of language. Some of the contributions to this volume deal primarily with foundational issues, others with specific models and theoretical issues. A few are concerned with semantics, but most focus on syntax. The papers in this volume reveal applications of the several fields of the theory of computation (formal languages, automata, complexity), formal logic, topology, set theory, graph theory, and statistics. The book also shows a keen interest in developing mathematical models that are especially suited to natural languages.
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Maupassant: the Semiotics of Text
Author(s): Algirdas Julien GreimasPublication Date January 1988More LessTranslated by Paul Perron Maupassant's short story, “Two Friends”, is examined in order to test methodological tools and to hone them for their application in the analysis of narrative discourse, starting from the oral tale (Propp) and ending with the written tale instituted as literary genre. Complex procedures of textual production are identified: among which entire sequences as well as the “evenemential” level of narrative fade away in favor of its cognitive dimension. This semiotic investigation is accompanied by a challenge to certain conventions of literary criticism: dialogue, the locus of Realist stereotypes, appears laden with paradoxical truths; the description of nature, inherited from the Romantics, bristles with narrative intent, and entire sections of a valorized figurative universe unfold before us. Thematic readings are linked up with semantic analysis: the figure of Water exerts its profound fascination. A Christian symbolics is uncovered which traverses the text and invites us to read it as a new Gospel Parable. New readings complement older ones and remain as so many suspended possibilities. The tale appears somewhat as a sonnet, that is to say as a “fixed-form” genre, where the closure of the text would be a necessary condition for transcending it.
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The McGill University Collection of Greek and Roman Coins
Author(s): Michael WolochPublication Date January 1985More LessThis catalogue of The McGill University Collection of Greek and Roman Coins brings together reprints of three volumes. The Roman catalogue of Volume I is by D.H.E. Whitehead (1975). Volume I also contains a Roman Supplement by Vivien Law and a short history of the collection by John Sullivan. Volume II (1975), by Prof. Shlosser, lists the gold and silver ancient Greek coins. The third and last volume (1984), also by Prof. Shlosser, contains the ancient Greek (including Judean and Indian) bronze coins and the Greek Imperials. Some silver coins are present. In Volume III are a Supplement by Louise Cass-Conrad of the Roman coins not in Volume I and Corrigenda to Volumes I and II. The volumes are richly illustrated with plates. The published collection consists of 1,763 coins, almost equally divided between Greek and Roman. This combined catalogue is unusual because so few university coin collections have ever been fully catalogued and published and is outstanding on account of its diversity. One may say that nearly all time periods and mints are represented. Study of the catalogue will be repaid with knowledge of examples of most kinds of ancient Greek and Roman coinage. The McGill Collection will be of interest to numismatists, including collectors, dealers and museum curators, as well as to historians of the ancient world.
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Meaning and Cognition
Editor(s): Liliana AlbertazziPublication Date November 2000More LessThe aim of this book is to present significant aspects of cognitive grammar by adopting an interdisciplinary approach. The book provides an interplay of contributions by some exponents of cognitive grammar (Langacker, Croft, Wood, Geeraerts, Kövecses, Wildgen), and philosophers of language (Albertazzi, Marconi, Peruzzi, Violi) who, in most cases, share a phenomenological and Gestalt approach to the problem of semantics.
The topics covered include themes that are central to the debate in cognitive grammar, such as, metaphor, construal operations, prototypicality, Gestalt schemes and field semantics. The book offers evidence to support the cognitive hypothesis in semantics and the existence of a close connection between the structures of perception and the categories of natural language.
Because of the approach employed, with its consideration of borderline aspects among semantics, linguistics, theoretical reflection and historical analysis, the book marks out a route for a philosophical inquiry complementary to a cognitive approach to the semantics of natural language.
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Meaning and Lexicography
Editor(s): Jerzy Tomaszczyk and Barbara Lewandowska-TomaszczykPublication Date January 1990More LessWhile lexicology, lexical semantics, and lexicography all share an interest in lexical items, they often tend to be regarded as three separate albeit interrelated fields. Indeed, the extent to which the interrelationship is recognized and taken into account in lexicographic practice is the moot point. The conference which produced the papers offered in this volume was designed to bring their practioners together and thus gives an impetus to closer cooperation among them, It is the editors' conviction that the practical activity of lexicography should learn more from its sister fields. People working in lexicography, lexical semantics, etc. may find some of the insights arrived at in the more practically oriented descriptions pertinent and useful.
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Meaning and Reading
Author(s): Michel MeyerPublication Date January 1983More LessAccording to the traditional view, meaning presents itself under the form of some kind of identity. To give the meaning of a sentence amounts to being capable of producing some substitute based on the identity of the terms of the sentence. Is then the meaning of a book, or of any text, the capacity of rewriting it? Instead of retaining a double-standard theory of meaning, one for sentences and another for texts, that would allow for an ad hoc gap, the author provides a unified conception, called the question view of language he has developed, known as problematology. He pursues a systematic analysis of questioning in literature and shows how questioning makes the understanding process possible.
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Meaning and Structure in Second Language Acquisition
Editor(s): Jacee Cho, Michael Iverson, Tiffany Judy, Tania Leal and Elena ShimanskayaPublication Date September 2018More LessThis volume presents a range of studies testing some of the latest models and hypotheses in the field of second/third language acquisition, such as the Bottleneck Hypothesis (Slabakova, 2008, 2016), the Scalpel Model (Slabakova, 2017), and the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace & Serratrice, 2009) to name a few. The studies explore a variety of linguistic properties (e.g., functional morphology, linguistic properties at the syntax-discourse interface) by focusing on distinct populations (L2 acquisition, L3/LN acquisition, Heritage Speakers), while also considering the links between experimental linguistic research, generative linguistics, and, in some cases, language pedagogy. Dedicated to Roumyana Slabakova, each chapter can be directly linked to her work in terms of the empirical testing of extant hypotheses, the formulation of new models and ideas, and her efforts to advance the dialogue between different disciplines and frameworks. Overall, the contributions in the volume bear evidence of Slabakova’s enduring influence in the field as a collaborator, teacher, and researcher.
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Meaning and Universal Grammar
Editor(s): Cliff Goddard and Anna WierzbickaPublication Date May 2002More LessThis book develops a bold new approach to universal grammar, based on research findings of the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) program. The key idea is that universal grammar is constituted by the inherent grammatical properties of some 60 empirically established semantic primes, which appear to have concrete exponents in all languages. For six typologically divergent languages (Mangaaba-Mbula, Mandarin Chinese, Lao, Malay, Spanish and Polish), contributors identify exponents of the primes and work through a substantial set of hypotheses about their combinatorics, valency properties, complementation options, etc. Each study can also be read as a semantically-based typological profile. Four theoretical chapters by the editors describe the NSM approach and its application to grammatical typology. As a study of empirical universals in grammar, this book is unique for its rigorous semantic orientation, its methodological consistency, and its wealth of cross-linguistic detail.
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Meaning and Universal Grammar
Editor(s): Cliff Goddard and Anna WierzbickaPublication Date May 2002More LessThis book develops a bold new approach to universal grammar, based on research findings of the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) program. The key idea is that universal grammar is constituted by the inherent grammatical properties of some 60 empirically established semantic primes, which appear to have concrete exponents in all languages. For six typologically divergent languages (Mangaaba-Mbula, Mandarin Chinese, Lao, Malay, Spanish and Polish), contributors identify exponents of the primes and work through a substantial set of hypotheses about their combinatorics, valency properties, complementation options, etc. Each study can also be read as a semantically-based typological profile. Four theoretical chapters by the editors describe the NSM approach and its application to grammatical typology. As a study of empirical universals in grammar, this book is unique for its rigorous semantic orientation, its methodological consistency, and its wealth of cross-linguistic detail.
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Meaning Detachment
Author(s): Benoît de CornulierPublication Date January 1980More LessThis essay concerns meaning detachment and (self-)interpreting utterances.
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Meaning in the History of English
Editor(s): Andreas H. Jucker, Daniela Landert, Annina Seiler and Nicole Studer-JohoPublication Date December 2013More LessUncovering the meaning of individual words or entire texts is a complex process that needs to take into consideration the multiple interactions of linguistic organization including orthography, morphology, syntax and, ultimately, pragmatics. The papers in this volume pay close attention to these interactions and assess both the details of the texts and entire texts within their relevant contexts. All the papers deal with data from the history of English, and they cover a wide range from Old English manuscripts to Early Modern English letters and medical texts to Late Modern English cant vocabulary.
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The Meaning of Particle / Prefix Constructions in German
Author(s): Robert B. DewellPublication Date September 2011More LessThis is really two books in one: a valuable reference resource, and a groundbreaking case study that represents a new approach to constructional semantics. It presents a detailed descriptive survey, using extensive examples collected from the Internet, of German verb constructions in which the expressions durch (‘through’), über (‘over’), unter (‘under’), and um (‘around’) occur either as inseparable verb prefixes or as separable verb particles. Based on that evidence, the author argues that the prefixed verb constructions and particle verb constructions themselves have meaning, and that this meaning involves subjective construal processes rather than objective information. The constructions prompt us to distribute focal attention according to patterns that can be articulated in terms of Talmy’s notion of “perspectival modes”. Among the other topics that play an important role in the analysis are incremental themes, reflexive trajectors, fictive motion, “multi-directional paths”, and “accusative landmarks”.
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Meaning Predictability in Word Formation
Author(s): Pavol ŠtekauerPublication Date March 2005More LessThis book aims to contribute to a growing interest amongst psycholinguists and morphologists in the mechanisms of meaning predictability. It presents a brand-new model of the meaning-prediction of novel, context-free naming units, relating the wordformation and wordinterpretation processes. Unlike previous studies, mostly focussed on N+N compounds, the scope of this book is much wider. It not only covers all types of complex words, but also discusses a whole range of predictability-boosting and -reducing conditions. Two measures are introduced, the Predictability Rate and the Objectified Predictability Rate, in order to compare the strength of predictable readings both within a word and relative to the most predictable readings of other coinages. Four extensive experiments indicate inter alia the equal predicting capacity of native and non-native speakers, the close interconnection between linguistic and extra-linguistic factors, the important role of prototypical semes, and the usual dominance of a single central reading.
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Meaning Through Language Contrast
Editor(s): Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt and Ken TurnerPublication Date March 2003More LessThese volumes contain selected papers from the Second International Conference on Contrastive Semantics and Pragmatics that was held at Newnham College, University of Cambridge, in September 2000. They include papers on negation, temporality, modality, evidentiality, eventualities, grammar and conceptualization, grammaticalization, metaphor, cross-cultural pragmatics and speech acts and the semantics-pragmatics boundary. There are contributions by, amongst many others, Les Bruce, Ilinca Crainiceanu, Thorstein Fretheim, Saeko Fukushima, Ronald Geluykens, Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach, Klaus von Heusinger, K. M. Jaszczolt, Susumu Kubo, Akiko Kurosawa, Eva Lavric, Didier Maillat, Márta Maleczki, Steve Nicolle, Sergei Tatevosov, L. M. Tovena, Jacqueline Visconti and Krista Vogelberg.
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Meaning Through Language Contrast
Editor(s): Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt and Ken TurnerPublication Date March 2003More LessThese volumes contain selected papers from the Second International Conference on Contrastive Semantics and Pragmatics that was held at Newnham College, University of Cambridge, in September 2000. They include papers on negation, temporality, modality, evidentiality, eventualities, grammar and conceptualization, grammaticalization, metaphor, cross-cultural pragmatics and speech acts and the semantics-pragmatics boundary. There are contributions by, amongst many others, Les Bruce, Ilinca Crainiceanu, Thorstein Fretheim, Saeko Fukushima, Ronald Geluykens, Javier Gutiérrez-Rexach, Klaus von Heusinger, K. M. Jaszczolt, Susumu Kubo, Akiko Kurosawa, Eva Lavric, Didier Maillat, Márta Maleczki, Steve Nicolle, Sergei Tatevosov, L. M. Tovena, Jacqueline Visconti and Krista Vogelberg.
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Meaningful Language Test Scores
Editor(s): Spiros Papageorgiou and Venessa F. MannaPublication Date June 2023More LessResearch on how stakeholders interpret language test scores and how they make decisions about language proficiency is critical because score-based decisions can be extremely consequential for test takers, score users, such as educational institutions and employers, and the society overall. This edited volume is intended as a primary resource for language assessment researchers, developers, and policy makers interested in efficiently communicating score information related to language proficiency. Its nine chapters report on complicated, often behind-the-scenes research efforts to enhance the interpretation of English language test scores developed by ETS, by employing diverse methodologies such as vertical linking, score mapping, standard setting, scale anchoring, and score concordance. In a post-pandemic era full of challenges and change in the field of language assessment, this volume highlights the ethical responsibility of test providers to engage in sometimes challenging research and development efforts to better serve score users.
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Measuring Native-Speaker Vocabulary Size
Author(s): I.S.P. Nation and Averil CoxheadPublication Date February 2021More LessEstimating native-speaker vocabulary size is important for guiding interventions to support native-speaker vocabulary growth and for setting goals for learners of English as a foreign language. Unfortunately, the measurement of native-speaker vocabulary size has been one of the most methodologically contentious areas of research in applied linguistics, with estimates of adults’ vocabulary size ranging from 12,000 words to well over 200,000 words. This book reviews over one hundred years of research, critically examining the methodological issues and findings at each age level from young children to adults, and suggesting solutions. It presents a model organising the factors involved in vocabulary growth and is rich in well-researched suggestions for supporting native-speaker vocabulary learning. It concludes with topics for further research. The research shows that we now have a more stable and coherent picture of what and how much vocabulary native-speakers know, and how this knowledge grows throughout their lives.
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Media Intertextualities
Editor(s): Mie HiramotoPublication Date May 2012More LessThis collection of critical essays, originally published in Pragmatics and Society 1:2 (2010), discusses how normative biases that shape our relation to the world are constructed through discursive practice in media discourse. The intertextual perspective it adopts is crucial for our understanding of how media representations of speakers and languages shape many of our preconceptions of others. Mediatization is inherently intertextual; the very nature of this process involves extracting the speech behavior of particular speakers or groups from a highly specific context and refracting and reshaping it to be inserted in another stream of representation. The notion of intertextuality becomes a useful concept for the linguistic anthropological study of media discourse in the context of modernity, as it provides us with a tool for exploring the semiotic processes that underlie the way in which the media negotiate and reinscribe the complex relationships of identity that characterize late modern subjecthood.
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Mediating Criticism
Author(s): Roger D. SellPublication Date December 2001More LessIn the twentieth century, literature was under threat. Not only was there the challenge of new forms of oral and visual culture. Even literary education and literary criticism could sometimes actually distance novels, poems and plays from their potential audience. This is the trend which Roger D. Sell now seeks to reverse. Arguing that literature can still be a significant and democratic channel of human interactivity, he sees the most helpful role of teachers and critics as one of mediation. Through their own example they can encourage readers to empathize with otherness, to recognize the historical achievement of significant acts of writing, and to respond to literary authors’ own faith in communication itself. By way of illustration, he offers major re-assessments of five canonical figures (Vaughan, Fielding, Dickens, T.S. Eliot, and Frost), and of two fascinating twentieth-century writers who were somewhat misunderstood (the novelist William Gerhardie and the poet Andrew Young).
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Mediating Discourse Online
Editor(s): Sally Magnan PiercePublication Date May 2008More LessInformation and communication technology is transforming our notion of literacy. In the study of second language learning, there is an acute need to understand how learners collaborate in mediating discourse online. This edited volume offers essays and research studies that lead us to question the borders between speech and writing, to redefine narrative, to speculate on the consequences of many-to-many communication, and to ponder the ethics of researching online interaction. Using diverse technologies (bulletin boards, course management systems, chats, instant messaging, online gaming) and situated in different cultural environments, the studies explore intercultural notions of identity, voice, and collaboration. Although the studies come from varying theoretical perspectives, they point, as a whole, to insights to be gained from an ecological approach to studying how people make discourse online. The volume will especially benefit researchers in the digital arena and instructors who must consider how online interaction affects language learning and use.
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Mediating Ideology in Text and Image
Editor(s): Inger Lassen, Jeanne Strunck and Torben VestergaardPublication Date March 2006More LessWhile ideology has been treated widely in CDA-literature, the role played by the interaction of text and image in multiplying meaning and furthering ideological stances has not so far received a lot of attention. Mediating Ideology in Text and Image offers a number of approaches to such analysis, offering students and academics valuable tools for identifying possible discrepancies between the world and the way it is represented through various mediational means. The authors’ common aim is one of assisting the audience in reading between the lines, thus offering a variety of approaches that may contribute to a better understanding of how ideologies possibly work and how they may be denaturalised from text and image. The articles in part I look at rhetorical strategies used in meaning construction processes unfolding in various kinds of mass media. Part II focuses on the re-semiotization of meaning and looks at how analysing the combination of text and image may contribute to a better understanding of ideological processes brought about by multimodal resources. Foreword by Ruth Wodak.
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Medieval Mereology
Author(s): Desmond Paul HenryPublication Date January 1991More LessMereology is the theory which deals with parts and wholes in the concrete sense, and this study follows its varied fortunes during the Middle Ages. Preliminary indications as to its metaphysical situation are followed by a brief sketch of Boethius' contribution. Peter Abelard, Gilbert of Poitiers, Clarembald of Arras, and Joscelin of Soissons are among the twelfth-century authors examined. The effect of the subsequent recovery of Aristotle's Metaphysica on Mereology is typified by sketches of the many and varied uses made of the latter by Aquinas. A brief sample of Buridanian treatment is followed by an account of those applications made under the umbrella of thirteenth-century comment on Aristotle's De Sophisticis Elenchis. The curiously original theories of Wyclif are brought to light, as also also samples from Walter Bruleigh, Nicholas of Paris, William of Ockham, and Paul of Venice. Readers interested in such subjects as logic, metaphysics, philosophy, theology, linguistics, pyschology, and their history, will find the work relevant to their studies. No logical symbolism is used in the main body of the book, but some contemporary background is appended so that those who wish to do so may follow it up.
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Meister Eckhart
Author(s): Burkhard MojsischPublication Date September 2001More LessThe thought of Meister Eckhart — the Dominican theologian, the preacher, the master of language, the mystic — exudes a remarkable fascination on the modern mind, not the least due to its characteristic interplay of scholastic-academic and vernacular terminology. This volume presents the only book-length study in English of Meister Eckhart the philosopher within the tradition in which his thought is embedded and from which it draws its authority. It shows that even as Eckhart may be justly regarded as a medieval precursor of a modern philosophy of subjectivity, the novelty and continuity of his thought can only be understood in its relation to that of Albert the Great, Aristotle, Dionysius Pseudo-Areopagita, the Liber de causis and the Neoplatonic heritage, Theodoric of Freiberg and Thomas Aquinas as well as Eckhart of Gründig, Jakob of Metz and Johannes Picardi of Lichtenberg. At its center lies the return of the soul, through its detachment from everything corporeal, manifold and temporal, into its ground or spark — into that “something” in the soul where, according to Eckhart, “the ground of God is my ground and my ground is God’s ground”. The present translation not only revises the German-language original to take account of recent debates in Eckhart-scholarship, it moreover makes accessible to the non-specialist all Latin and Middle High German material, much of it previously not available in any translation at all. Meister Eckhart: Dominikanischer Theologe, Prediger, Sprachgenie, Mystiker — sein Denken fasziniert den modernen Menschen nicht zuletzt wegen der einprägsamen Wechselwirkung von scholastisch-akademischer Terminologie und deutscher Mundart. Der vorliegende Band ist die einzige englischsprachige Monographie über Meister Eckhart als Philosophen, die ihn im Zusammenhang der ihn maîgeblich bedingenden philosophischen Tradition interpretiert. Auch wenn Eckhart zurecht als Vordenker der modernen Subjektivität gilt, kann man ihn nur im bezug auf Albert den Groîen, Aristoteles, Dionysius Pseudo-Areopagita, den Liber de causis und die neuplatonische Tradition, Dietrich von Freiberg und Thomas von Aquin sowie Eckhart von Gründig, Jakob von Metz und Johannes Picardi von Lichtenberg adäquat verstehen. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Studie steht die Rückkehr der Seele — durch ihre Abgeschiedenheit vom Körperlichen, vom Mannigfaltigen und vom Zeitlichen — in ihren Grund bzw. in den Funken der Seele, wo nach Eckhart “gotes grunt mîn grunt und mîn grunt gotes grunt” ist. Der vorliegende Band revidiert nicht nur die deutschsprachige Original-Studie im Hinblick auf Debatten in der neueren Eckhart-Forschung: Auch dem Nicht-Spezialisten werden sämtliche lateinische und mittelhochdeutsche Quellen durch die Übersetzung ins Englische zugänglich gemacht.
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Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin
Editor(s): John W.M. Verhaar, S.J.Publication Date January 1990More LessThe First International Conference on Pidgins and Creoles in Melanesia was planned mainly for Tok Pisin, but no predetermined theme(s) had been proposed to the participants. Nevertheless, in this collection of papers several principal themes stand out.One is that of a revived interest in substratology, both for Tok Pisin and for Bislama. Another is what in fact amounts to a change in perspective from universalism, as supposedly competitive with the substratological orientation, towards a generalist approach to typology, which reduces the apparent polarity, from a theoretical point of view. A third is the pervasive interest of contributors in wider language issues in the social and political life of Papua New Guinea.These interests go back to the linguistic and social experience of the participants, most of whom have a long record of living among the people whose languages they have studied on a day-to-day basis, and to the relative remoteness of their inspiration from the more theoretical and perhaps ultimately untestable issues which surround the universalist approach and its claims for a bioprogram foundation for language.
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Memes of Translation
Author(s): Andrew ChestermanPublication Date February 2016More LessThis revised edition of Memes of Translation includes updates that relate the book's themes to more recent research in Translation Studies. The book contributes to the debate about whether it is worth seeking a coherent theory of translation, by proposing an approach based on norms, strategies and values, which are all seen as kinds of memes, i.e. ideas that spread. The meme metaphor allows us to see translation in the context of cultural evolution, and also highlights similarities with the philosopher Karl Popper's analysis of another kind of evolution: that of scientific knowledge. A translation is, after all, itself a theory – a theory about the source text. And as Popper stressed, theories of all kinds are like nets we make in order to catch something of reality: never perfectly, but always in the hope of better understanding.
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Memes of Translation
Author(s): Andrew ChestermanPublication Date June 1997More LessMemes of Translation is a search for coherence in translation theory based on the notion of Memes: ideas that spread, develop and replicate, like genes. The author explores a wide range of ideas on translation, mapping the “meme pool” of translation theory with chapters on translation history, norms, strategies, assessment, ethics, and translator training. The aim of the book is to search for a perspective from which the immense variety of ideas about translation can be related.
The unifying thread is the philosophy of Karl Popper. The book proposes the beginnings of a Popperian theory of translation, based on the fundamental concepts of norms, strategies, and values. A key idea is that a translation itself is a theory or hypothesis concerning the source text. This hypothesis is then subjected to testing, refinement, and perhaps even rejection, just like any other hypothesis.
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Memory and Understanding
Author(s): Renate BartschPublication Date May 2005More LessThis book treats memory and understanding on two levels, on the phenomenological level of experience, on which a theory of dynamic conceptual semantics is built, and on the neuro-connectionist level, which supports the capacities of concept formation, remembering, and understanding. A neuro-connectionist circuit architecture of a constructive memory is developed in which understanding and remembering are modelled in accordance with the constituent structures of a dynamic conceptual semantics. Consciousness emerges by circuit activation between conceptual indicators and episodic indices with the sensory-motor, emotional, and proprioceptual areas.
This theory of concept formation, remembering, and understanding is applied to Proust’s A la recherche du temps perdu , with special attention to the author’s excursions into philosophical and aesthetic issues. Under this perspective, Proust’s work can be seen as an artistic exploration into our capacity of understanding, whereby the unconscious, the memory, is exteriorized in consciousness by presenting the experienced episodes in the conceptual order of similarity and contiguity through our capacity of concept formation. (Series A)
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Memory, Psychology and Second Language Learning
Author(s): Mick RandallPublication Date August 2007More LessThis book explores the contributions that cognitive linguistics and psychology, including neuropsychology, have made to the understanding of the way that second languages are processed and learnt. It examines areas of phonology, word recognition and semantics, examining ‘bottom-up’ decoding processes as compared with ‘top-down’ processes as they affect memory. It also discusses second language learning from the acquisition/learning and nativist/connectionist perspectives. These ideas are then related to the methods that are used to teach second languages, primarily English, in formal classroom situations. This examination involves both ‘mainstream’ communicative approaches, and more traditional methods widely used to teach EFL throughout the world. The book is intended to act both as a textbook for students who are studying second language teaching and as an exploration of issues for the interested teacher who would like to further extend their understanding of the cognitive processes underlying their teaching.Mick Randall is currently Senior Lecturer in TESOL and Head of the Institute of Education at the British University in Dubai. He has taught courses in second language learning and teaching, applied linguistics and psychology in a number of different contexts. He has a special interest in the cognitive processing of language and in the psycholinguistics of word recognition, spelling and reading.
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Memory-Based Parsing
Author(s): Sandra KüblerPublication Date October 2004More LessMemory-Based Learning (MBL), one of the most influential machine learning paradigms, has been applied with great success to a variety of NLP tasks. This monograph describes the application of MBL to robust parsing. Robust parsing using MBL can provide added functionality for key NLP applications, such as Information Retrieval, Information Extraction, and Question Answering, by facilitating more complex syntactic analysis than is currently available. The text presupposes no prior knowledge of MBL. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the framework and goes on to describe and compare applications of MBL to parsing. Since parsing is not easily characterizable as a classification task, adaptations of standard MBL are necessary. These adaptations can either take the form of a cascade of local classifiers or of a holistic approach for selecting a complete tree.The text provides excellent course material on MBL. It is equally relevant for any researcher concerned with symbolic machine learning, Information Retrieval, Information Extraction, and Question Answering.
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Mental Models across Languages
Author(s): Pawel SickingerPublication Date December 2018More LessThis book presents a study that triangulates the meanings of expressions across English, German and Japanese via their perception-based conceptual representations. In an online experiment, native speakers of the three languages were asked to design visual representations of expressions referring to baldness phenomena. These sets of visualizations are used to determine conceptual overlap or distance between expressions in the three languages, resulting in lexical-conceptual 'maps' for MALE BALDNESS. The study is discussed against the background of an embodied, perceptual symbol-based understanding of linguistic meaning. A section of the book further applies this perspective to the issue of translation, developing a process model of translation based on the concept of cognitive equivalence.
The book presents a novel approach to lexical semantics from a cognitive linguistic perspective, tested through a methodologically innovative experiment. It is a compelling read to scholars in cognitive semantics, contrastive semantics, embodied cognition and cognitive translation studies.
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Mental Spaces in Discourse and Interaction
Editor(s): Todd Oakley and Anders HougaardPublication Date March 2008More LessThe cognitive theory of mental spaces and conceptual integration (MSCI) is a twenty-year-old, cross-disciplinary enterprise that presently unfolds in academic circles on many levels of reflection and research. One important area of inquiry where MSCI can be of immediate use is in the pragmatics of written and spoken discourse and interaction. At the same time, empirical insights from the fields of interaction and discourse provide a necessary fundament for the development of the cognitive theories of discourse. This collection of seven chapters and three commentaries aims at evaluating and developing MSCI as a theory of meaning construction in discourse and interaction. MSCI will benefit greatly not only from empirical support but also from clearer refinement of its methodology and philosophical foundations. This volume presents the latest work on discourse and interaction from a mental spaces perspective, surely to be of interest to a broad range of researchers in discourse analysis.
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Mental States
Editor(s): Andrea C. Schalley and Drew KhlentzosPublication Date December 2007More LessThe contributions to this volume focus on what language and language use reveals about cognitive structure and underlying cognitive categories. Wide-ranging and thought-provoking essays from linguists and psychologists within this volume investigate the insights conceptual categorization can give into the organization and structure of the mind and specific mental states. Topics and linguistic phenomena discussed include narratives and story telling, language development, figurative language, linguistic categorization, linguistic relativity, and the linguistic coding of mental states such as perceptions and beliefs. With contributions at the forefront of current debate, this book will appeal to anyone with an interest in language and the cognitive structures that support it.
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Mental States
Editor(s): Andrea C. Schalley and Drew KhlentzosPublication Date December 2007More LessCollecting the work of linguists, psychologists, neuroscientists, archaeologists, artificial intelligence researchers and philosophers this volume presents a richly varied picture of the nature and function of mental states. Starting from questions about the cognitive capacities of the early hominin homo floresiensis, the essays proceed to the role mental representations play in guiding the behaviour of simple organisms and robots, thence to the question of which features of its environment the human brain represents and the extent to which complex cognitive skills such as language acquisition and comprehension are impaired when the brain lacks certain important neural structures. Other papers explore topics ranging from nativism to the presumed constancy of categorization across signed and spoken languages, from the formal representation of metaphor, actions and vague language to philosophical questions about conceptual schemes and colours. Anyone interested in mental states will find much to reward them in this fine volume.
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Mercury: or the Secret and Swift Messenger
Author(s): John WilkinsPublication Date January 1984More LessWorks of the Right Reverend John Wilkins' (1708). Together with an abstract of Dr. Wilkin's 'Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Languages,' a sketch of the life of the author and an account of his writings. With an introductory essay on the Universal Language Movement in England, France and Germany in the 17th and 18th century by Brigitte Asbach-Schnitker.
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Mere Irish & Fíor-Ghael
Author(s): Joep LeerssenPublication Date January 1986More LessThe aim of this investigation is to reconsider the cultural confrontation between England and Ireland from a new methodological perspective, and to trace how this confrontation resulted in a particular notion, literary as well as political, of Irish nationality.
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Meta-informative Centering in Utterances
Editor(s): André Włodarczyk and Hélène WłodarczykPublication Date December 2013More LessThe notion of information has nowadays become crucial both in our daily life and in many branches of science and technology. In language studies, this notion was used as a technical term for the first time about at least fifty years ago. It is argued, however, that "Old" and "New", used traditionally for characterising information, refer in fact to the meta-informative status of communicated chunks of information. They provide information about other information. Since subjects and objects, as attention-driven phrases, are also related to aboutness, the presented Meta-Informative Centering (MIC) framework includes predication theory. By applying the MIC theory to their analyses of English, German, French, Polish, Russian, Greek, Latin, and Japanese, the authors provide comprehensive explanations of the most puzzling aspects of the pragmatic use of basic universal linguistic categories. It seems clear now that canonical syntactic patterns, their permutations, and diverse transformations do indeed reflect very truly the meta-informative encapsulation of utterances. As a consequence, this book presents new and coherent theoretical solutions as well as their very efficient applications.
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Metadiscourse in L1 and L2 English
Author(s): Annelie ÄdelPublication Date September 2006More LessThe pervasive phenomenon of metadiscourse – commentary on the ongoing discourse – is beginning to take its rightful place among the major topics of discourse studies. This book makes simultaneous contributions to the theory of metadiscourse, corpus-based methods of studying such phenomena, and our knowledge of metadiscourse use in written English. After comprehensively reviewing previous research, it introduces a more rigorous and empirical approach to metadiscourse studies. Ädel presents a new model of metadiscourse based on Jakobson’s functions of language, and other conceptual tools, including explicit features for defining metadiscourse, a taxonomy of the functions it serves, and maps of the boundaries between it and related phenomena. A large-scale study of writing by L1 and L2 university students is presented, in which the L2 speakers’ overuse of metadiscourse strongly marks them as lacking in communicative competence. This work is of interest both to linguists and to educators concerned with writing in English.
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Metalanguage in Interaction
Author(s): Yael MaschlerPublication Date October 2009More LessMetalanguage in Interaction is about the crystallization of metalanguage employed throughout interaction into the discourse markers which permeate talk. Based on close analysis of naturally-occurring Hebrew conversation, it is a synchronic study of the grammaticization of discourse markers, a phenomenon until now mostly studied from a diachronic perspective. It constitutes the first monograph in the fields of Hebrew interactional linguistics and Hebrew discourse markers. The book first presents what is unique to the present approach to discourse markers and gives them an operational definition. Discourse markers are explored as a system, illuminating their patterning in terms of function, structure, and the moments in interaction at which they are employed. Next, detailed analysis of four Hebrew discourse markers illuminates not only the functions and grammaticization patterns of these markers, but also what they reveal about quintessential aspects of Israeli society, identity, and culture. The conclusion discusses commonalities and differences in the grammaticization patterns of the four markers, and relates the grammaticization of discourse markers from interaction to projectability in discourse.
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The Metalanguage of Translation
Editor(s): Yves Gambier and Luc van DoorslaerPublication Date October 2009More Less“Let the meta-discussion begin,” James Holmes urged in 1972. Coming almost forty years later – years filled with fascinating and often unexpected developments in the interdiscipline of Translation Studies – this volume offers the reader a multiplicity of meta-perspectives, while also moving the discussion forward. Indeed, the (re)production and (re)use of metalinguistic metaphors frame and partly determine our views on research, so such a discussion is vital as it is in any scholarly discipline. Among other questions, the eleven contributors draw the reader’s attention to the often puzzling variations of usage and conceptualization in both the theory and the practice of translation.
First published as a special issue of Target 19:2 (2007), the volume runs the gamut of metalinguistic topics, ranging from terminology, localization and epistemological questions, through the Chinese perspective, to the conceptual mapping of the online Translation Studies Bibliography.
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MetaNet
Editor(s): Miriam R.L. PetruckPublication Date September 2018More LessThe papers in this collection document the work of the first research project on metaphor that incorporates the findings of Frame Semantics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and Construction Grammar with Corpus Linguistics techniques for the analysis of linguistic expressions of metaphor in very large natural language corpora. Under severe constraints, the MetaNet project, based at the International Computer Science Institute designed and populated a sophisticated and accessible repository of conceptual metaphors, developed a formalization for Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and created tools and techniques for the automatic identification and analysis of the linguistic expression of metaphor. For those interested in metaphor, be that from a linguistic, literary, poetic, cognitive, or computational perspective, this book is a must-read. Originally published in Constructions and Frames 8:2 (2016).
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Metaphor
Publication Date January 1985More LessThe aim of the present bibliography is to provide the student of metaphor with an up-to-date and comprehensive (albeit not exhaustive) overview of recent publications dealing with various aspects of metaphor in a variety of disciplines. Where the emphasis is primarily on specific works “about” metaphor, mainly in philosophy, linguistics, and psychology, the list has been supplemented with references to studies where metaphor is explicitly recognized as an instrument of research or analysis (e.g., in literature, or in the elaboration of scientific and religious models) or where its use is illustrated.
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Metaphor across Time and Conceptual Space
Author(s): James J. Mischler, IIIPublication Date September 2013More LessContemporary linguistic forms are partially the product of their historical antecedents, and the same is true for cognitive conceptualization. The book presents the results of several diachronic corpus studies of conceptual metaphor in a longitudinal and empirical “mixed methods” design, employing both quantitative and qualitative analysis measures; the study design was informed by usage-based theory. The goal was to investigate the interaction over time between conceptualization and cultural models in historical English-speaking society. The main study of two linguistic metaphors of anger spans five centuries (A.D. 1500 to 1990). The results show that conceptualization and cultural models—understood as non-autonomous, encyclopedic knowledge—work together to determine both the meaning and use of a linguistic metaphor. In addition, historically a wide variety of emotion concepts formed a complex cognitive array called the Domain Matrix of emotion. The implications for conceptual metaphor theory, research methodology, and future study are discussed in detail.
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Metaphor and Communication
Editor(s): Elisabetta Gola and Francesca ErvasPublication Date February 2016More LessThis collection of papers presents different views on metaphor in communication. The overall aim is to show that the communicative dimension of metaphor cannot be reduced to its conceptual and/or linguistic dimension. The volume addresses two main questions: does the communicative dimension of metaphor have specific features that differentiate it from its linguistic and cognitive dimensions? And how could these specific properties of communication change our understanding of the linguistic and cognitive dimensions of metaphor? The authors of the papers collected in this volume offer answers to these questions that raise new interests in metaphor and communication.
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Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics
Author(s): Alice DeignanPublication Date June 2005More LessMetaphor is a topical issue across a number of disciplines, wherever researchers are concerned with how speakers and writers package and process messages. This book is addressed at readers from diverse academic backgrounds who are interested in ways of researching metaphor from different perspectives, and especially through corpus linguistics. A number of approaches to and exploitations of metaphor, including conceptual metaphor theory and cognitive approaches more generally, text and spoken discourse analysis, and CDA, are discussed, explored and critiqued using corpus data. The book also includes corpus linguistic studies of different aspects of metaphor, which investigate its linguistic and semantic properties and relate them to current theoretical views. The book demonstrates the need for naturally-occurring language data to be used in the development of metaphor theory, and shows the value of corpus data and techniques in this work.
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Metaphor and Gesture
Editor(s): Alan Cienki and Cornelia MüllerPublication Date June 2008More LessThis volume is the first to offer an overview on metaphor and gesture — a new multi-disciplinary area of research. Scholars of metaphor have been paying increasing attention to spontaneous gestures with speech; meanwhile, researchers in gesture studies have been focussing on the abstract ideas which receive physical representation through metaphors when speakers gesture. This book presents a snapshot of the state of the art in these converging fields, offering research papers as well as commentaries from multiple perspectives. In addition to conceptual metaphor theory it includes different theoretical approaches to semiotics, and the methods used range from controlled experimentation, to cognitive ethnography, to lexical semantic analysis. The use of metaphor in gesture is shown to reflect idiosyncracies of thought in the moment of speaking as well as structural, cultural, and interactional patterns. The series of commentaries discusses the potential importance of studying metaphor and gesture from the perspectives of such fields as anthropology, cognitive linguistics, conversation analysis, psychology, and semiotics.
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Metaphor and Metonymy in the Digital Age
Editor(s): Marianna Bolognesi, Mario Brdar and Kristina DespotPublication Date August 2019More LessThis book describes methods, risks, and challenges involved in the construction of metaphor and metonymy digital repositories. The first part of this volume showcases established and new projects around the world in which metaphors and metonymies are harvested and classified. The second part provides a series of cognitive linguistic studies focused on highlighting and discussing theoretical and methodological risks and challenges involved in building these digital resources. The volume is a result of an interdisciplinary collaboration between cognitive linguists, psychologists, and computational scientists supporting an overarching idea that metaphor and metonymy play a central role in human cognition, and that they are deeply entrenched in recurring patterns of bodily experience. Throughout the volume, a variety of methods are proposed to collect and analyze both conceptual metaphors and metonymies and their linguistic and visual expressions.
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Metaphor and Metonymy revisited beyond the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor
Editor(s): Francisco Gonzálvez-García, María Sandra Peña-Cervel and Lorena Pérez-HernándezPublication Date October 2013More LessThe contributions in this volume go beyond the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor complementing it in a number of relevant ways. Some of the papers argue for a more dynamic, interdisciplinary approach to metaphor looking into it from semiotic, psychological and socio-cultural perspectives. Other contributions focus on the crucial role played by metaphor and metonymy in meaning construction at a discourse/textual level. Finally, the volume also includes proposals which revolve around the alleged universal nature of metaphorical mappings and their suitability to account for grammatical phenomena.
The contributions in this volume display an ample gamut of theoretical approaches pointing to the viability of taking a functional-cognitive stance on the analysis of metaphor and metonymy in contrast to a purely cognitive one.
This book is structured into three major sections: i) the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: revisions and recent developments; ii) metaphor and/or metonymy across different discourse/genre types; and iii) the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: current applications. Originally published in Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9:1 (2011).
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Metaphor and National Identity
Author(s): Orsolya PutzPublication Date December 2019More LessDue to the Treaty of Trianon – which was signed at the end of World War 1 in 1920 – Hungary lost two thirds of its former territory, as well as the inhabitants of these areas. The book aims to reveal why the treaty still plays a role in Hungarian national identity construction, by studying the alternative conceptualization of the treaty and its consequences. The cognitive linguistic research explores Hungarian politicians’ conceptual system about Trianon, with special interest on conceptual metaphors. It also analyzes the factors that may motivate the emergence of the conceptual system, as well as its synchronic diversity and diachronic changes. The monograph provides a niche insight into the conceptual basis of how contemporary citizens of Hungary interpret the treaty of Trianon and its consequences. The book will be of interest to cognitive and cultural linguists, cultural anthropologists, or any professionals working on national identity construction.
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Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages
Editor(s): Susan Nacey, Aletta G. Dorst, Tina Krennmayr and W. Gudrun ReijniersePublication Date November 2019More LessThis volume explores linguistic metaphor identification in a wide variety of languages and language families. The book is an essential read for anyone interested in researching language and metaphor, from students to experienced scholars. Its primary goals are to discuss the challenges involved in applying the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universiteit (MIPVU) to a range of languages across the globe, and to offer theoretically grounded advice and guidelines enabling researchers to identify metaphors in multiple languages in a valid and replicable way. The volume is intended as a practical guidebook that identifies and discusses procedural challenges of metaphor identification across languages, thus better enabling researchers to reliably identify metaphor in a multitude of languages. Although able to be read independently, this volume – written by metaphor researchers from around the world – is the ideal companion volume for the 2010 Benjamins book A Method for Linguistic Metaphor Identification: From MIP to MIPVU.
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Metaphor II
Publication Date January 1990More LessMetaphor, though not now the scholarly “mania” it once was, remains a topic of great interest in many disciplines albeit with interesting shifts in emphasis. Warren Shibles' Metaphor: An Annotated Bibliography and History (Bloomington, Ind. 1971) recorded the initial interest. Then Metaphor: A Bibliography of Post-1970 Publications, published by John Benjamins, continued the record through the mania years up to 1985 when writings proliferated as metaphor was seen to be a fundamental category in human thought and language. Five years later, there is a need for a report on the newest thinking and tendencies in the field. This need is fulfilled by Metaphor II which offers a comprehensive view of information which would otherwise remain scattered throughout a numbing plethora of resources, including many sometimes-hard-to-find publications from Eastern Europe. Metaphor II systematically collects references of books, articles and papers published between 1985 and May 1990, and includes for completeness corrections and additions to the earlier bibliographies. Abstracts are given for many of the titles, while four indices (disciplines, semantic fields, metaphor theory and names) multiply the number of access points to the information.
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Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics
Editor(s): Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. and Gerard J. SteenPublication Date June 1999More LessThis book contains a selection of refereed and revised papers originally presented at the 5th ICLC. After an introduction by the editors, the book opens with a long-needed chapter on historical precedents for the Cognitive Linguistic theory of metaphor. Two chapters demonstrate the method of lexical analysis of linguistic metaphors and how it can be fruitfully applied to a characterization of the conceptual domains of smell and economics. Three chapters deal with theoretical aspects of conceptual metaphor, one of which is a commissioned chapter on the relation between conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual blending. Finally there are five chapters presenting novel theoretical issues and empirical findings about the relation between conceptual metaphor and culture. This book is hence a wide-ranging sample of current approaches to metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, with some chapters breaking new grounds for future research.
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Metaphor in Psychotherapy
Author(s): Dennis TayPublication Date July 2013More LessThis book represents a bold attempt to address contemporary issues in both metaphor and psychotherapy research. On one hand, metaphor research is increasingly concerned not just with describing metaphors in discourse, but how they could be used more adroitly in purposive ‘real world’ contexts such as psychotherapy. On the other hand, while a growing number of mental health professionals believe that metaphors contribute in some way to the psychotherapy process, their ability and willingness to use metaphors might be compromised by a relative unfamiliarity with the various nuanced aspects of metaphor theory. The present analysis of metaphors in authentic psychotherapeutic talk brings these theoretical aspects to the forefront, and suggests how they can be applied to enhance the use of communication of metaphors in psychotherapy. It should be of interest to metaphor researchers, mental health professionals, and discourse analysts in general.
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Metaphor in Specialist Discourse
Editor(s): J. Berenike Herrmann and Tony Berber SardinhaPublication Date December 2015More LessMetaphor in Specialist Discourse presents multiple perspectives on metaphor use in specialist and popularized discourse contexts. Using genre and register as starting parameters for deeper exploration, and pushing the boundaries further to open up new areas and possibilities, ten independent articles investigate metaphor use across a range of specialist domains of discourse, such as biology research articles, psychological counseling, soccer commentaries, workfloor communication, and penal policy documents. Framed by two theoretical chapters, the book is a contribution to the study of metaphor use in distinct discourse settings that will be of value to linguists and metaphor scholars of different persuasions, graduate students of linguistics and related disciplines, and practitioners of specialized areas with an interest in (verbal or gestural) language use in their areas of expertise. It shows that aspects of discourse variation are the beginning of, not an afterthought to, accurate empirical metaphor studies.
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Metaphor in Use
Editor(s): Fiona MacArthur, José Luis Oncins-Martínez, Manuel Sánchez-García and Ana M. Piquer-PírizPublication Date October 2012More LessMetaphor is a fascinating phenomenon, but it is also complex and multi-faceted, varying in how it is manifested in different modes of expression, languages, cultures, or time-scales. How then can we reliably identify metaphors in different contexts? How does the language or culture of speakers and hearers affect the way metaphors are produced or interpreted? Are the methods employed to explore metaphors in one context applicable in others? The sixteen chapters that make up this volume offer not only detailed studies of the situated use of metaphor in language, gesture, and visuals around the world – providing important insights into the different factors that produce variation – but also careful explication and discussion of the methodological issues that arise when researchers approach metaphor in diverse ‘real world’ contexts. The book constitutes an important contribution to applied metaphor studies, and will prove an invaluable resource for the novice and experienced metaphor researcher alike.
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Metaphor, Nation and Discourse
Editor(s): Ljiljana Šarić and Mateusz-Milan StanojevićPublication Date May 2019More LessThis edited volume examines how metaphors and related phenomena (metonymies, symbols, cultural models, stereotypes) lead to the discursive construal of a common element that brings the nation together. The central idea is that metaphor use must be questioned to lay bare the processes and the discursive power behind them. The chapters examine a range of contemporary and historical, monomodal and multimodal discourses, including politicians’ discourse, presidential speeches, newspapers, TV series, Catholic homilies, colonialist discourse, and various online sources. The approaches taken include political science, international relations, cultural studies, and linguistics. All contributions feature discursive constructivist views of metaphor, with clear sociocultural grounding, and the notion of metaphor as a framing device in constructing various aspects of nations and national identity. The volume will appeal to scholars in discourse analysis, metaphor studies, media studies, nationalism studies, and political science.
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Metaphors for Learning
Editor(s): Erich A. BerendtPublication Date March 2008More LessIn Contemporary Metaphor Theory (CMT) research has predominantly focused on the English language with few studies of others and even less systematic comparative work. This volume focuses on the discourse domain of LEARNING (formal, technical and informal aspects) and brings together a variety of language perspectives, some specifically comparative, on aspects of learning from historical transformations in metaphoric language use through contemporary social values and classroom discourse to planning for the future in educational policy to see how conceptual metaphoric patterns and conventional metaphors with related figurative language impact on social values and culturally conditioned perspectives in learning. Most papers reflect Lakoffian conceptual metaphoric research including critical evaluation of analytical issues. Languages included are Arabic, Chinese, English, Hungarian, Japanese, Malay, Polish, Russian and the South African language area. Most papers utilize extensive data including such genre as technical writing, essays, conversational interaction, newspaper corpus and proverbs.
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Metaphors in Learner English
Author(s): Susan NaceyPublication Date November 2013More LessThis volume presents results from a corpus-based investigation into the metaphorical production of foreign language learners, comparing texts written by Norwegian (L2) learners of English with those written by British (L1) students. Three types of questions are addressed. The first has empirically measured answers: For example, do L2 English writers produce more metaphors than L1 novice writers? How frequent are novel metaphors in an L2, as compared with an L1? The second type has more subjective answers: How creatively do L2 English learners employ metaphor? Are they even expected to be able to produce metaphor at all? The third type combines theoretical and methodological perspectives: How is metaphorical creativity identified? What is the potential role of metaphoric competence? Most importantly, how are metaphors identified? To this end, the newly-developed ‘Metaphor Identification Procedure’ is tested and critiqued. This book is intended for metaphor researchers, corpus linguists, applied linguists and language educators.
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Metaphors of Anger, Pride and Love
Author(s): Zoltán KövecsesPublication Date January 1986More LessThis study is an attempt to uncover the structure of three emotion concepts: anger, pride and love. The results indicate that the conceptual structure associated with these emotions consists of four parts: (1) a system of metaphors, (2) a system of metonymies, (3) a system of related concepts, and (4) a category of cognitive models, with a prototypical model in the center. This goes against an influential view of the structure of concepts in linguistics, psychology, anthropology, according to which the structure of a concept can be represented by a small number of sense components.
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The Metaphysics of Transcendental Subjectivity
Author(s): Joseph Claude EvansPublication Date January 1984More LessThe general topic of this book is the metaphysics of the subject in Kantian transcendental philosophy. A critical appreciation of Kant's achievements requires that we be able to view Kant's positions as transformations of pre-Kantian philosophy, and that we understand the ways in which contemporary philosophy changes the letter of Kantian thought in order to be true to its spirit in a new philosophical horizon. Descartes is important in two respects. One the one hand, he institutes a philosophical movement which can be said to culminate in Kant; on the other hand, Descartes is one of the major opponents against whom Kant argues in establishing his own position. In either case, the Cartesian cogito is a central concern. Wilfred Sellars restates and transforms Kantian positions in the context of contemporary philosophy after the "linguistic turn", using the Platonic metaphor that thought is similar to discourse.
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Metaphysik im Barockscotismus
Author(s): Claus A. AndersenPublication Date August 2016More LessDie Philosophie des Barockscotismus war einerseits durch die rückwärtsgewandte Anknüpfung an den mittelalterlichen Denker Johannes Duns Scotus, andererseits durch die Anknüpfung an die Entwicklung in der zeitgenössischen Scholastik, vor allem der Jesuitenscholastik, geprägt. Welche Art von Metaphysik hat diese besondere philosophiehistorische Konstellation hervorgebracht? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit das Metaphysikwerk des wichtigsten Repräsentanten des frühneuzeitlichen Scotismus, Bartholomaeus Mastrius (1602-1673); sie erschließt außerdem eine Vielzahl von kaum bis gar nicht erforschten Metaphysikwerken aus der Franziskanerscholastik des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Das eigenartige, erstaunliche Vielfalt einschließende Profil einer in Vergessenheit geratenen philosophischen Tradition wird deutlich. Durch den Fokus auf ein philosophiehistorisches Phänomen außerhalb des Mainstreams leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zu einer differenzierteren Sichtweise der intellektuellen Kultur der europäischen Frühmoderne.
Baroque-age Scotist philosophy was, on the one hand, characterised by recourse to the Medieval thinker John Duns Scotus and, on the other hand, by an adaptation to trends in contemporary scholasticism, first of all that of the Jesuits. What kind of metaphysics did this particular constellation within the history of philosophy produce? In order to answer this question, the present book analyses the work on metaphysics by the most important representative of early modern Scotism, Bartolomeo Mastri (1602-1673). In addition, the book investigates a multitude of scarcely or never studied works on metaphysics from the Franciscan scholastic tradition of the 17th and 18th centuries. The peculiar profile of a forgotten philosophical tradition with its astonishing plurality becomes apparent. By focusing on a phenomenon from the history of philosophy outside the mainstream, this work contributes to a more differentiated view on the intellectual culture in early modern Europe.
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Metapragmatics in Use
Editor(s): Wolfram Bublitz and Axel HüblerPublication Date December 2007More LessThis collection of papers fills a gap in current research on both metapragmatics and pragmatics in that it combines data-based pragmatic analysis with metapragmatic theory and focuses on the ways in which metadiscourse is actually used. The 12 contributions investigate speech acts and verbal (as well as non-verbal) expressions which highlight (meta-)linguistic aspects of ongoing discourse and thus provoke a deviation from the latter’s original direction and purpose. All case studies discuss ways and means which interactants employ to resolve diverging pragmatic expectations in communication. The papers analyze authentic examples from English and other languages (and cultures), including Thai, Chinese and Japanese, and center around three principal domains of communication: ordinary everyday interaction, interaction in educational contexts and in specialized discourse. The introductory chapter locates the various contributions within a systematically broader theoretical framework. The wide scope of the collection, its empirical orientation and the reader-friendly form of presentation should appeal to anyone interested in pragmatics, whether scholar or student.
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Metapragmatics of Humor
Editor(s): Leonor Ruiz-GurilloPublication Date November 2016More LessMetapragmatics of Humor: Current research trends contributes to a new area in the pragmatics of humor: its conception as a metapragmatic ability. The book collects thirteen chapters organized into three parts: Revisions and applications of General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) in a metapragmatic context; Metapragmatic awareness of humor across textual modes; and Metapragmatic practices within the acquisition of humor. Thus, this book provides an up-to-date panorama of this field, where metapragmatic abilities are described in adults as well as in children, on humorous and non-humorous genres — jokes, cartoons, humorous monologues, parodies, conversation, Twitter —, and using several approaches, such as GTVH, multimodality, conversational analysis, eye-tracking methodology, etc.
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Metarepresentation
Author(s): Eun-Ju NohPublication Date December 2000More LessEun-Ju Noh’s book provides a close look at linguistic metarepresentation showing how beliefs, utterances, and propositions are represented and how they are inferred. The author explains how metarepresentation works in various types of uses: quotations, negation, echo questions, and conditionals in terms of truth conditions and pragmatic enrichment. Ample examples are provided from the English language.
The relevance-theory approach gives room for extralinguistic parameters to be considered, and suggestions are made for further research in cross-linguistic studies and metarepresentation.
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Metasex – The Discourse of Intimacy and Transgression
Author(s): Anne Storch and Nico NassensteinPublication Date September 2020More LessThis study focuses on the language around sexuality and discourses about sex, labeled by the authors as metasex, from a broad crosslinguistic perspective. Unlike many existing studies on sexting that predominantly take into account the linguistic practices of teenagers often located in the Global North, this book offers a more holistic approach by discussing Southern concepts of body parts, their conceptualization and mediatization (“dick pics”), the interconnectedness of food and sex and its sensualization (“foodporn”) as well as processes of social cohesion around sex, sociability and conviviality (“bonding”). Based on an anthropological linguistic perspective, the authors analyze metasex practices from Nigeria, DR Congo, Uganda, the Mediterranean, and numerous other contexts. Africanist Agnes Brühwiler’s afterword on sex (talk) in Tanzania rounds off the various fresh insights this study offers.
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Method and Language
Author(s): Joseph GrünfeldPublication Date December 1982More LessThis monograph explores the relationship between method and language. The notion of method is inherent in everything we can claim to understand. The language conventions which make a question meaningful cannot be challenged at the same time the problem is posed. Problems exist only relatively to accepted ways of thinking and doing; verification or falsification can take place only when we agree what hypotheses are in question. Our ability to be rational and critical — that is, to apply logic to our beliefs — depends on the kinds of distinctions we are able to make in our language.
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A Method for Linguistic Metaphor Identification
Author(s): Gerard J. Steen, Aletta G. Dorst, J. Berenike Herrmann, Anna A. Kaal, Tina Krennmayr and Tryntje PasmaPublication Date June 2010More LessThis book presents a complete method for the identification of metaphor in language at the level of word use. It is based on extensive methodological and empirical corpus-linguistic research in two languages, English and Dutch. The method is formulated as an explicit manual of instructions covering one chapter, the method being a development and refinement of the popular MIP procedure presented by the Pragglejaz Group in 2007. The extended version is called MIPVU, as it was developed at VU University Amsterdam. Its application is demonstrated in five case studies addressing metaphor in English news texts, conversations, fiction, and academic texts, and Dutch news texts and conversations. Two methodological chapters follow reporting a series of successful reliability tests and a series of post hoc troubleshooting exercises. The final chapter presents a first empirical analysis of the findings, and shows what this type of methodological attention can mean for research and theory.
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Methodological and Analytic Frontiers in Lexical Research
Editor(s): Gary Libben, Gonia Jarema and Chris WestburyPublication Date December 2012More LessThe study of how words are represented and processed in the mind has served as a meeting ground for research in psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience. Right now, this domain of study is in the midst of astonishing developments. At the core of these developments are the methodological and analytic advancements that have enabled researchers to address new phenomena and to ask new questions. These new methodologies have also raised fundamental questions concerning the nature of words in the mind, the nature of language processing, and the ways in which data can be understood.
This book provides a timely resource written by international leaders in methodological innovation. It offers fundamental insights into how innovative methodological approaches advance lexical research. It also offers the technical knowledge that is essential to that advancement, but which is rarely found in journal reports. This is a methodologically oriented volume designed to be informative, thought provoking, innovative, and perhaps also revolutionary. The contributions in this volume that originally appeared in The Mental Lexicon 5:3 (2010) and 6:1 (2011) are supplemented with several new chapters, as well as with a new and timely introductory chapter titled "Embracing Complexity".
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Methods and Strategies of Process Research
Editor(s): Cecilia Alvstad, Adelina Hild and Elisabet TiseliusPublication Date July 2011More LessThe volume includes contributions on the cognitive processes underlying translation and interpreting, which represent innovative research with a methodological and empirical orientation. The methodological section offers an assessment/validation of different time lag measures; discusses the challenges of interpreting keystroke and eye-tracking data in translation, and triangulating disfluency analysis and eye-tracking data in sight translation research. The remainder of the volume features empirical studies on such topics as: metaphor comprehension; audience perception in subtitling research; translation and meta-linguistic awareness; effect of language-pair specific factors on interpreting quality. A special section is dedicated to expertise studies which look at the link between problem analysis and meta-knowledge in experienced translators; the effects of linguistic complexity on expert interpreting; strategic processing and tacit knowledge in professional interpreting.
The volume celebrates the work of Birgitta Englund Dimitrova and her contribution to the development of process-oriented research.
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Methods in Cognitive Linguistics
Editor(s): Monica Gonzalez-Marquez, Irene Mittelberg, Seana Coulson and Michael J. SpiveyPublication Date June 2007More LessMethods in Cognitive Linguistics is an introduction to empirical methodology for language researchers. Intended as a handbook to exploring the empirical dimension of the theoretical questions raised by Cognitive Linguistics, the volume presents guidelines for employing methods from a variety of intersecting disciplines, laying out different ways of gathering empirical evidence. The book is divided into five sections. Methods and Motivations provides the reader with the preliminary background in scientific methodology and statistics. The sections on Corpus and Discourse Analysis, and Sign Language and Gesture describe different ways of investigating usage data. Behavioral Research describes methods for exploring mental representation, simulation semantics, child language development, and the relationships between space and language, and eye movements and cognition. Lastly, Neural Approaches introduces the reader to ERP research and to the computational modeling of language.
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Methods in Study Abroad Research
Editor(s): Carmen Pérez-Vidal and Cristina SanzPublication Date February 2023More LessStudy abroad research has become an established area of inquiry with theoretical impact and methodological sophistication. The field has incorporated the different approaches and methodological changes that have characterized SLA scholarship, including technological advances and new designs. The present volume contributes an update on and a systematic critical appraisal of the methods employed in study abroad research to identify strengths and weaknesses and to look ahead and point towards new directions. The volume is organized around different areas -approaches, instruments, linguistic levels, and learners and their context-, each one including a number of chapters authored by outstanding experts in the field.
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Metonymy and Metaphor in Grammar
Editor(s): Klaus-Uwe Panther, Linda L. Thornburg and Antonio BarcelonaPublication Date July 2009More LessFigurative language has been regarded traditionally as situated outside the realm of grammar. However, with the advent of Cognitive Linguistics, metonymy and metaphor are now recognized as being not only ornamental rhetorical tropes but fundamental figures of thought that shape, to a considerable extent, the conceptual structure of languages. The present volume goes even beyond this insight to propose that grammar itself is metonymical in nature (Langacker) and that conceptual metonymy and metaphor leave their imprints on lexicogrammatical structure. This thesis is developed and substantiated for a wide array of languages and lexicogrammatical phenomena, such as word class meaning and word formation, case and aspect, proper names and noun phrases, predicate and clause constructions, and other metonymically and metaphorically motivated grammatical meanings and forms. The volume should be of interest to scholars and students in cognitive and functional linguistics, in particular, conceptual metonymy and metaphor theory, cognitive typology, and pragmatics.
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Metonymy and Pragmatic Inferencing
Editor(s): Klaus-Uwe Panther and Linda L. ThornburgPublication Date July 2003More LessIn recent years, conceptual metonymy has been recognized as a cognitive phenomenon that is as fundamental as metaphor for reasoning and the construction of meaning. The thoroughly revised chapters in the present volume originated as presentations in a workshop organized by the editors for the 7th International Pragmatics Conference held in Budapest in 2000. They constitute, according to an anonymous reviewer, "an interesting contribution to both cognitive linguistics and pragmatics." The contributions aim to bridge the gap, and encourage discussion, between cognitive linguists and scholars working in a pragmatic framework. Topics include the metonymic basis of explicature and implicature, the role of metonymically-based inferences in speech act and discourse interpretation, the pragmatic meaning of grammatical constructions, the impact of metonymic mappings on and their interaction with grammatical structure, the role of metonymic inferencing and implicature in linguistic change, and the comparison of metonymic principles across languages and different cultural settings.
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