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Harmonic Serialism is a derivational version of Optimality Theory that has widely been pursued for phonology and syntax but so far much less for morphology. The harmonic serialist approach to inflectional morphology underlying the contributions to the present volume is virtually unique in that it combines from the perspective of the minimalist program a cyclic approach to morphological structure-building with an optimality-theoretic approach to optimization; in a general taxonomy of morphological theories it qualifies as lexical realizational Merge-based and pre-syntactic.<br/>Following a comprehensive introduction to the new theory the book brings together eight case studies from typologically different languages (like Potawatomi Itelmen Acoma Modern Greek Lithuanian Urarina Irarutu and Hill Mari) that address a number of morphological phenomena which can all be shown to empirically support a cyclic optimality-theoretic approach (among them extended exponence disjunctive blocking impoverishment deponency portmanteau marking and morphological movement). The book will be of use to all scholars and students interested in morphological theory.

This book is a panorama of contemporary quantitative linguistics as developed over decades. It highlights the main topics of QL: statistical laws of language taxonomy of linguistic phenomena authorial attribution quantitative analysis of syntax (e.g. dependency grammar) measurement of text difficulty and other phenomena at the intersection of linguistics literary studies semiotics and information science. It also reflects on the relevance of these time-honoured approaches in our new reality increasingly dominated by AI – both in terms of text material and methodology. Before our very eyes computers are achieving human-level linguistic competence. The era of LLMs and the growing dominance of machine-generated text is becoming reality. The scale of these changes initiated by the replacement of print with the digital universe is enormous. Today linguistics is closer than ever to mathematics and computer science and thus quantitatively-oriented linguists are particularly well-suited to address questions about the boundary between humans and machines in scientific research.

Situated within the flourishing domain of pragmatics this volume explores the crucial role of gaze in human interaction with a particular focus on the potential of mobile eye tracking to advance our methodology and understanding of multimodal communication. Readers will find a comprehensive balanced exploration of the benefits and challenges associated with taking eye tracking out of the lab to record authentic interaction in real-life settings. By integrating insights from pragmatics the contributions highlight the function of gaze as a resource for coordination cooperation and joint sense-making in human interaction. The chapters are written by leading scholars in the field as well as younger researchers. They offer in-depth methodological discussions alongside detailed case studies from static and mobile interaction settings. The book makes a strong case for the use of mobile eye tracking in addition to video cameras. It provides researchers with a solid and state-of-the-art foundation on which to make informed choices about recording technologies for their own work. The volume is a must-read for scholars in multimodal conversation analysis interactional linguistics as well as cognitive linguists linguistic anthropologists and psychologists with a strong interest in new ways of studying gaze in social interaction.<.p>

This ebook is Open Access under the CC BY 4.0 license.

The volume is of direct interest to scholars from senior academics to PhD students interested in linguistically relevant phonetic and gestural information and in the relationship between multimodal communication and grammar. It contains important work in a relatively new dynamic and exploratory field that is receiving a lot of attention namely the relation of multimodal communication with grammatical frameworks notably Construction Grammar. Drawing on case studies in different languages (English Modern Greek Czech Hebrew Italian) the chapters provide both the necessary theoretical discussion and solid empirical evidence (corpus-based or experimental) for integrating multimodal interactional features with grammatical description and analysis. This timely collection of studies highlights the recent marriage of cognitive/constructional and interactional approaches and addresses head-on questions and challenges like: which multimodal features are systematic and conventional enough to be integrated into grammar and what are appropriate ways of achieving the integration.

This book investigates the interaction between new English lexis and metaphor/metonymy – figures meticulously defined and contrasted in terms of similarity/contiguity. It advances three main hypotheses: (i) derived lexis is more likely to be figurative in meaning and usage than the bases from which it is derived; (ii) derivation obscures the figurative origins of this lexis to varying degrees depending on differing processing strategies; (iii) lexicalisation is determined by Relevance (in Sperber and Wilson’s sense) to the needs of a culture or its powerful interest groups where culture following Norman Fairclough is characterised as an ensemble of recognised action/discourse genres. This volume is distinctive in exploring the relations between grammar and metonymy and providing numerous examples of metaphorical and metonymic lexis as it reflects society's changing needs and (contested) ideologies.

The volume espouses an ecosystemic standpoint on multilingual acquisition and learning viewing language development and use as both ontogenesis and phylogenesis. Multilingualism is inclusively used to refer to sociolinguistic diversity and pluralism. Whether speech writing gesture or body movement language is a conduit that carries meaning within a complex fluid and context-dependent framework that engages different aspects of the individual the communicative interaction communicative acts and social parameters. Continually modified over the years to better represent its multidisciplinary scope the sociobiological notion of language has found steady and productive ground within major theoretical frameworks which individually or holistically contribute to a rounded understanding of language acquisition learning and use by exploring both system-internal and system-external factors and their interaction. Summoning the work of leading academics the volume outlines the changing dynamics of multilingualism in children and adults internationally with the latest advances and under-represented coverage that highlight the ecosystemic nature of multilingual acquisition learning and use.

Spotlighting case studies of manipulation practices at the onset of the Covid-19 crisis in different countries and socio-political circumstances the authors expose context-specific discourse and argumentation strategies of 'infodemics’ (misleading information and fake news) public policy mismanagement deceptive online and offline communication tactics and conspiracy narratives which end up disrupting community social cohesion. In addition to targeting manipulation-driven dissent across discourse genres through corpus-based investigations a major strength of this volume consists in debunking manipulation while foregrounding compelling acts of counter-manipulation. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume’s breadth of topics depth of analytical insights and range of methodological frameworks provide unique perspectives by capturing crisis-related manipulations across a worldwide political and cultural spectrum (Austria Brazil China the Czech Republic Portugal Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States) with a focus on the scale and extent of multifaceted repercussions. Reaching beyond the boundaries of pragmatics and discourse analysis this book should be a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners of rhetoric argumentation media studies social and political sciences.

This collection presents novel insights into the micro- and macro-variation of causal clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic setting the scene and nine chapters based on data from Dutch German English Icelandic Chinese and Japanese. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve inter alia external internal and linear syntax of adverbial clauses expressing a causal relation their semantic interpretation and information-structural properties verb position volitionality and the development of particular causal conjunctions. The findings gained here are of synchronic and diachronic nature and offer new theoretical perspectives on how causal dependency relationships are expressed by inherent causal morpho-syntactic patterns. They also provide a deeper comprehension of how sentential modifiers work emerge and develop in general. This volume is an asset to grammarians syntacticians theoretical and historical linguists.

Study abroad research has become an established area of inquiry with theoretical impact and methodological sophistication. The field has incorporated the different approaches and methodological changes that have characterized SLA scholarship including technological advances and new designs. The present volume contributes an update on and a systematic critical appraisal of the methods employed in study abroad research to identify strengths and weaknesses and to look ahead and point towards new directions. The volume is organized around different areas -approaches instruments linguistic levels and learners and their context- each one including a number of chapters authored by outstanding experts in the field.

The reflexive constructions that are the focus of this book are the constructions broadly described with the term “middle”: i.e. those that can appear in all persons and in which the reflexive marker (RM) cannot be understood as a full referential pronoun. One goal of this study is to provide a corpus-based typology of middle and related uses that allow us to compare the behaviour of the RM in these constructions with previous typological accounts where competing models (based either on changes of diathesis or on the semantics of the verbal event) can be found. A second goal is to shed light on the evolution of the different functions of the RM by exploring the factors that affect its productivity with a specific focus on those verbs where reflexive marking is most variable that is anticausative verbs and verbs with no change of valency. These reflexive constructions show a notable difference in productivity in Spanish and Galician although the languages are closely related and contiguous. The languages are thus good candidates for a contrastive and variationist analysis serving these two goals. The semantic class of the predicate its aspectual properties and the animacy of the subject are some of the most relevant factors that are taken into account to understand the motivations behind the presence (or absence) of the RM. By relying on a corpus of interviews from rural communities across peninsular Spain (except Catalonia) space as a relevant extra-linguistic variable is taken into account helping uncover previously unknown geographical patterns.

This book adopts a broad cognitive-pragmatic perspective on irony which sees ironic meaning as the result of complex inferential activity arising from conflicting conceptual scenarios. This view of irony is the basis for an analytically productive integrative account capable of bridging gaps among disciplines and of recontextualizing and solving some controversies. Among the topics covered in its pages readers will find an overview of previous linguistic and non-linguistic approaches. They will also find definitional and taxonomic criteria an exhaustive exploration of the elements of the ironic act and a study of their complex forms of interaction. The book also explores the relationship between irony banter and sarcasm and it studies how irony interacts with other figurative uses of language. Finally the book spells out the conditions for “felicitous” irony and re-interprets traditional ironic types (e.g. Socratic rhetoric satiric etc.) in the light of the unified approach it proposes.

This volume explores how Diachronic Construction Grammar can shed new light on changes in a central and well-researched domain of grammar namely modality. Its main goal is to show how constructional analyses can help us address some of the long-standing questions that have informed discussions of modal expressions and their development and to illustrate the processes that are involved in these developments on the basis of data from languages such as English Finnish French Galician German and Japanese. The studies in this volume are organized around three interrelated topics. The first of these concerns the organization of modal constructions in a network. A second focus area of the studies in this volume concerns the developmental pathways that modal constructions follow diachronically. The third topic that ties the contributions of this volume together is the contrast between constructionalization and constructional change.

Language is a social space an aesthetic a form of play and communication a geographical reference a jouissance a producer of numerous social and personal identities. This book takes up salient issues of sociolinguistics with a specific focus on Japan: language and gender (the married name controversy) language and the 'portable' identities being fashioned around traditional essentialist notions of ethnicity (metroethnicity) endangerment slang taboo and discriminatory language in Japanese especially regarding minorities place-names from indigenous languages the fellowship and parody of children's songs and the diversity of nicknames among children and young people. This books gives radical and new perspectives on the sociolinguistics of Japanese.

Estimating native-speaker vocabulary size is important for guiding interventions to support native-speaker vocabulary growth and for setting goals for learners of English as a foreign language. Unfortunately the measurement of native-speaker vocabulary size has been one of the most methodologically contentious areas of research in applied linguistics with estimates of adults’ vocabulary size ranging from 12000 words to well over 200000 words. This book reviews over one hundred years of research critically examining the methodological issues and findings at each age level from young children to adults and suggesting solutions. It presents a model organising the factors involved in vocabulary growth and is rich in well-researched suggestions for supporting native-speaker vocabulary learning. It concludes with topics for further research. The research shows that we now have a more stable and coherent picture of what and how much vocabulary native-speakers know and how this knowledge grows throughout their lives.

The mass-count distinction is a morpho-syntactic distinction among nouns that is generally taken to have semantic content. This content is generally taken to reflect a conceptual cognitive or ontological distinction and relates to philosophical and cognitive notions of unity identity and counting. The mass-count distinction is certainly one of the most interesting and puzzling topics in syntax and semantics that bears on ontology and cognitive science. In many ways the topic remains under-researched though across languages and with respect to particular phenomena within a given language with respect to its connection to cognition and with respect to the way it may be understood ontologically. This volume aims to contribute to some of the gaps in the research on the topic in particular the relation between the syntactic mass-count distinction and semantic and cognitive distinctions diagnostics for mass and count the distribution and role of numeral classifiers abstract mass nouns and object mass nouns (furniture police force clothing).The mass-count distinction is a morpho-syntactic distinction among nouns that is generally taken to have semantic content. This content is generally taken to reflect a conceptual cognitive or ontological distinction and relates to philosophical and cognitive notions of unity identity and counting. The mass-count distinction is certainly one of the most interesting and puzzling topics in syntax and semantics that bears on ontology and cognitive science. In many ways the topic remains under-researched though across languages and with respect to particular phenomena within a given language with respect to its connection to cognition and with respect to the way it may be understood ontologically. This volume aims to contribute to some of the gaps in the research on the topic in particular the relation between the syntactic mass-count distinction and semantic and cognitive distinctions diagnostics for mass and count the distribution and role of numeral classifiers abstract mass nouns and object mass nouns (furniture police force clothing).

Whereas it is now generally recognised that multilingualism is important for society culture and the economy the relevance of multilingualism for the world of science has still largely escaped attention. But science too is created and transmitted in and through communication. Today the construction and transmission of knowledge is based on a growing monolingualism with English as the lingua academica regarded as a condition of the universality of scientific knowledge. However this idea is based on the illusion that languages are transparent and that the modes of communication are universal.

In this book it is shown how multilingualism can open different perspectives and improve the quality of knowledge by offering an antidote to the squeezing out of different academic and scientific cultures. More precisely it is shown how multilingual approaches highlight the mediating role of language and in doing so optimize conceptualization communication and evaluation in science.

These findings are for one thing relevant to institutional language policies and for another open new lines of research taking scientific practices themselves as a field of investigation.

This volume traces the multifaceted concept of manners in the history of English from the late medieval through the early and late modern periods right up to the present day. It focuses in particular on transgressions of manners and norms of behaviour as an analytical tool to shed light on the discourse of polite conduct and styles of writing. The papers collected in this volume adopt both literary and linguistic perspectives. The fictional sources range from medieval romances and Shakespearean plays to eighteenth-century drama Lewis Carroll’s Alice books and present-day television comedy drama. The non-fictional data includes conduct books medical debates and petitions written by lower class women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The contributions focus in particular on the following questions: What are the social and political ideologies behind rules of etiquette and norms of interaction and what can we learn from blunders and other transgressions?

The fifth volume in the VARGReB series is a monograph presenting a collection of studies on middle-voice grams in Baltic that is on a widely ramified family of constructions with different syntactic and semantic properties but sharing a morphological marker of reflexive origin. Though the emphasis is on Baltic ample attention is given to other languages as well especially to Slavonic. The book offers many new insights into questions of syntactic and semantic interpretation correct demarcation and diachronic explanation of middle-voice grams. The relationship between reflexive and middle the workings of metonymy changes in syntactic structure and lexical input as factors determining diachronic shifts within the middle-voice domain and transitions from one middle-voice gram to another – these are among the topics discussed in the book which beyond its relevance to Baltic and Slavonic scholarship is also a contribution to the typology of the middle voice.

Due to the Treaty of Trianon – which was signed at the end of World War 1 in 1920 – Hungary lost two thirds of its former territory as well as the inhabitants of these areas. The book aims to reveal why the treaty still plays a role in Hungarian national identity construction by studying the alternative conceptualization of the treaty and its consequences. The cognitive linguistic research explores Hungarian politicians’ conceptual system about Trianon with special interest on conceptual metaphors. It also analyzes the factors that may motivate the emergence of the conceptual system as well as its synchronic diversity and diachronic changes. The monograph provides a niche insight into the conceptual basis of how contemporary citizens of Hungary interpret the treaty of Trianon and its consequences. The book will be of interest to cognitive and cultural linguists cultural anthropologists or any professionals working on national identity construction.

This book describes methods risks and challenges involved in the construction of metaphor and metonymy digital repositories. The first part of this volume showcases established and new projects around the world in which metaphors and metonymies are harvested and classified. The second part provides a series of cognitive linguistic studies focused on highlighting and discussing theoretical and methodological risks and challenges involved in building these digital resources. The volume is a result of an interdisciplinary collaboration between cognitive linguists psychologists and computational scientists supporting an overarching idea that metaphor and metonymy play a central role in human cognition and that they are deeply entrenched in recurring patterns of bodily experience. Throughout the volume a variety of methods are proposed to collect and analyze both conceptual metaphors and metonymies and their linguistic and visual expressions.

Morphological variation is a rather young yet fascinating topic to study in its own right because it offers challenging evidence both for the autonomy of morphology (morphomic processes) as well as for its tight interconnection with other grammatical domains notably phonology and syntax. Covering a wide range of phenomena (e.g. negation structures form function-mismatches in the verbal and nominal domain loss of morphosyntactic feature values etc.) the contributions to this volume combine in-depth empirical studies with the explanatory potential of modern theories of grammar as well as approaches for capturing and modelling microtypological diversity.

The socio-discursive landscape surrounding the migration debate is characterised by a growing sense of crisis in both personal and collective identities. From this viewpoint discourses about immigration are also always attempts at reconstructing the threatened ‘home identity’ of the respective host society. It is such attempts at reasserting identity-in-crisis (due to migration) that are the focus of the volume Migration and Media: Discourses about identities in crisis. This four-part book explores the representational strategies used to frame current migration debates as crises of identity collective and individual. It features fourteen case-studies of varying sets of data including print media texts TV broadcasts online forums politicians’ speeches legal and administrative texts and oral narratives drawn from discourses in a range of languages – Croatian English French German Greek Italian Lithuanian Polish Russian Serbian Slovenian Spanish and Ukrainian – and it employs different discourse-analytical methods such as Argumentation and Metaphor Analysis Gendered Language Studies Corpus-assisted Semantics and Pragmatics and Proximization Theory. Such a diverse range of sources languages and approaches provides innovative methodological and theoretical analysis on migration and identity which will be of interest to scholars students and policy makers working in the fields of migration studies media studies identity studies and social and public policy.

As of January 2023 this e-book is freely available thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.

This volume presents a range of studies testing some of the latest models and hypotheses in the field of second/third language acquisition such as the Bottleneck Hypothesis (Slabakova 2008 2016) the Scalpel Model (Slabakova 2017) and the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace & Serratrice 2009) to name a few. The studies explore a variety of linguistic properties (e.g. functional morphology linguistic properties at the syntax-discourse interface) by focusing on distinct populations (L2 acquisition L3/LN acquisition Heritage Speakers) while also considering the links between experimental linguistic research generative linguistics and in some cases language pedagogy. Dedicated to Roumyana Slabakova each chapter can be directly linked to her work in terms of the empirical testing of extant hypotheses the formulation of new models and ideas and her efforts to advance the dialogue between different disciplines and frameworks. Overall the contributions in the volume bear evidence of Slabakova’s enduring influence in the field as a collaborator teacher and researcher.

The papers in this collection document the work of the first research project on metaphor that incorporates the findings of Frame Semantics Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Construction Grammar with Corpus Linguistics techniques for the analysis of linguistic expressions of metaphor in very large natural language corpora. Under severe constraints the MetaNet project based at the International Computer Science Institute designed and populated a sophisticated and accessible repository of conceptual metaphors developed a formalization for Conceptual Metaphor Theory and created tools and techniques for the automatic identification and analysis of the linguistic expression of metaphor. For those interested in metaphor be that from a linguistic literary poetic cognitive or computational perspective this book is a must-read. Originally published in Constructions and Frames 8:2 (2016).

The purpose of this book is to contribute to our understanding of genre and genre variation in the Japanese language in order to bring to consciousness the nature of Japanese culture and the presuppositions norms and values found within Japanese society. This type of knowledge enables interventions and agency as knowing how language works within a culture makes it possible to consciously accept it or to influence and shape it into the future. The various chapters seek to explore social contexts and the norms values and practices of Japanese culture through the language choices in analysed texts in literature education the workplace and in print-based media. These genres collectively form part of the cultural fabric of Japan. The book represents a first step in documenting a selected set of Japanese genres from a social semiotic perspective. It will be of interest to students and scholars in a wide range of linguistic fields such as Japanese descriptive linguistics pragmatics sociolinguistics discourse analysis systemic functional linguistics and applied linguistics. It should also appeal to teachers and learners of Japanese and to media commentators students of literature cultural studies and journalism.

Les unités linguistiques ayant pour fonction (paradoxale) de signifier une relation entre d’autres unités de discours suscitent depuis l’Antiquité un intérêt toujours renouvelé. Défi pour le grammairien dont ils subvertissent les « parties du discours » ces « mots-outils » que l’on peut prendre pour des « mots vides » obligent le linguiste à interroger les rapports entre syntaxe et sémantique logique et linguistique système et discours signe et implicite. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Les onze études réunies dans ce livre s’attachent à décrire les processus de fonctionnement de morphèmes appartenant à des langues diverses (allemand français italien latin vietnamien) qui marquent une relation de liaison ou d’intégration. Ces études de cas détaillées menées selon différents cadres théoriques (typologie cognitivisme psycho-mécanique grammaire fractale linguistique de l’énonciation argumentation dans la langue linguistique textuelle) du point de vue synchronique ou diachronique mettent en valeur le caractère premier de la variation dans les systèmes linguistiques. <br/>Un chapitre introductif pose les repères terminologiques historiques et théoriques pour l’étude de catégories de signes linguistiques – prépositions conjonctions connecteurs – marqués par la transcatégorialité et la polyfonctionalité.

Maps and Mapping in Children’s Literature is the first comprehensive study that investigates the representation of maps in children’s books as well as the impact of mapping on the depiction of landscapes seascapes and cityscapes in children’s literature. The chapters in this volume pursue a comparative approach as they represent a wide spectrum of diverse genres and national children’s literatures by examining a wealth of children’s books from Canada Denmark Germany Italy Norway Russia the United Kingdom and the USA. The theoretical and methodological approaches range from literary studies developmental psychology maps and geography literacy ecocriticism historical contextualization with both new historicist and political-historical leanings and intermediality to materialist cartographies cultural studies island studies and genre studies. By this this volume aims at embedding children’s literature in a broader field of literary and cultural studies thus situating children’s literature research within a general context of literary theory.

The aim of the present volume is to provide a present-day take on variation in terminology by looking forward and examining what leading scholars in the field are working on and where they are taking research in the field today.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This reader is built around three themes arranged according to complementary points of view to stimulate thought on the subject of variation as it is approached today. The first theme “The social dimension of variation” includes three contributions dealing with variation across different categories of speakers. This reflects not only the expert/layperson dichotomy but also other more original polarities as the emotional dimension and the issue of diastratic variation across LSPs. The second part of this reader puts forward different tools and methods to identify describe and manage term variation. The third theme of this reader questions semantics of term variation through the topics of concept saturation multidimensionality and metaphor.<br/>Variation through this picture of current studies proves to be the touchstone for the understanding of the major issues of terminology research today. The included papers draw on research in terminology carried out in different language communities - Spanish French Portuguese Italian and Dutch in particular - thereby opening up a window on much of the research carried out in these cultural areas. <br/>

Mixed Magic: Global-local dialogues in fairy tales for young readers considers retellings and adaptations from a ‘glocal’ context: a framework focused on the reciprocal and cross-cultural exchange between global processes and local practices and their potential transformative effects. The study examines an eclectic range of retellings from the East and West from the 19th century until the present among them orientalized picturebook versions of Beauty and the Beast and Bluebeard; Disney’s animated classics; Asian versions of Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid; Gene Luen Yang's graphic novel American Born Chinese; and the fantasy films of Hayao Miyazaki. Drawing on theories of globalization cognitive narratology subjectivity and eastern thought the book reveals new implications for intertextual analysis. This beautifully illustrated volume is the first sustained study of the effects of global-local and East-West interchanges on representations of self and Others in children’s literature and folklore studies.

Metapragmatics of Humor: Current research trends contributes to a new area in the pragmatics of humor: its conception as a metapragmatic ability. The book collects thirteen chapters organized into three parts: Revisions and applications of General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) in a metapragmatic context; Metapragmatic awareness of humor across textual modes; and Metapragmatic practices within the acquisition of humor. Thus this book provides an up-to-date panorama of this field where metapragmatic abilities are described in adults as well as in children on humorous and non-humorous genres — jokes cartoons humorous monologues parodies conversation Twitter — and using several approaches such as GTVH multimodality conversational analysis eye-tracking methodology etc.

This volume presents an in-depth analysis of mock politeness bringing together research from different academic fields and investigating a range of first-order metapragmatic labels for mock politeness in British English and Italian. It is the first book-length theorisation and detailed description of mock politeness and as such contributes to the growing field of impoliteness. The approach taken is methodologically innovative because it takes a first-order metalanguage approach basing the analysis on behaviours which participants themselves have identified as impolite. Furthermore it exploits the affordances of corpus pragmatics a rapidly developing field. Mock Politeness in English and Italian: A corpus-assisted metalanguage analysis will be of interest to scholars and postgraduate students researching im/politeness and verbal aggression in particular those interested in im/politeness implicatures and non-conventional meanings.

Word lists lie at the heart of good vocabulary course design the development of graded materials for extensive listening and extensive reading research on vocabulary load and vocabulary test development. This book has been written for vocabulary researchers and curriculum designers to describe the factors they need to consider when they create frequency-based word lists. These include the purpose for which the word list is to be used the design of the corpus from which the list will be made the unit of counting and what should and should not be counted as words. The book draws on research to show the current state of knowledge of these factors and provides very practical guidelines for making word lists for language teaching and testing. The writer is well known for his work in the teaching and learning of vocabulary and in the creation of word lists and vocabulary size tests based on word lists.

Die Philosophie des Barockscotismus war einerseits durch die rückwärtsgewandte Anknüpfung an den mittelalterlichen Denker Johannes Duns Scotus andererseits durch die Anknüpfung an die Entwicklung in der zeitgenössischen Scholastik vor allem der Jesuitenscholastik geprägt. Welche Art von Metaphysik hat diese besondere philosophiehistorische Konstellation hervorgebracht? Um diese Frage zu beantworten analysiert die vorliegende Arbeit das Metaphysikwerk des wichtigsten Repräsentanten des frühneuzeitlichen Scotismus Bartholomaeus Mastrius (1602-1673); sie erschließt außerdem eine Vielzahl von kaum bis gar nicht erforschten Metaphysikwerken aus der Franziskanerscholastik des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Das eigenartige erstaunliche Vielfalt einschließende Profil einer in Vergessenheit geratenen philosophischen Tradition wird deutlich. Durch den Fokus auf ein philosophiehistorisches Phänomen außerhalb des Mainstreams leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zu einer differenzierteren Sichtweise der intellektuellen Kultur der europäischen Frühmoderne.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Baroque-age Scotist philosophy was on the one hand characterised by recourse to the Medieval thinker John Duns Scotus and on the other hand by an adaptation to trends in contemporary scholasticism first of all that of the Jesuits. What kind of metaphysics did this particular constellation within the history of philosophy produce? In order to answer this question the present book analyses the work on metaphysics by the most important representative of early modern Scotism Bartolomeo Mastri (1602-1673). In addition the book investigates a multitude of scarcely or never studied works on metaphysics from the Franciscan scholastic tradition of the 17th and 18th centuries. The peculiar profile of a forgotten philosophical tradition with its astonishing plurality becomes apparent. By focusing on a phenomenon from the history of philosophy outside the mainstream this work contributes to a more differentiated view on the intellectual culture in early modern Europe.

This book is intended for researchers in the field of narrative from post-graduate level onwards. It analyzes the audio-recordings of the narratives of former slaves from the American South which are now publically available on the Library of Congress website: Voices from the days of slavery. More specifically this book analyses the identity work of these former slaves and considers how these identities are related to master narratives. The novelty of this book is that through using such a temporally diverse and relatively large corpus we show how master narratives change according to both the zeitgeist of the here-and-now of the interview world and the historical period that is related in the there-and-then of the story world. Moreover focusing on the active achievement of master narratives as socially-situated co-constructed discursive accomplishments we analyze how different inherently unstable and even contradictory versions of master narratives are enacted.

This revised edition of Memes of Translation includes updates that relate the book's themes to more recent research in Translation Studies. The book contributes to the debate about whether it is worth seeking a coherent theory of translation by proposing an approach based on norms strategies and values which are all seen as kinds of memes i.e. ideas that spread. The meme metaphor allows us to see translation in the context of cultural evolution and also highlights similarities with the philosopher Karl Popper's analysis of another kind of evolution: that of scientific knowledge. A translation is after all itself a theory – a theory about the source text. And as Popper stressed theories of all kinds are like nets we make in order to catch something of reality: never perfectly but always in the hope of better understanding.

The articles in this volume highlight the fact that the chivalric novel Tirant lo Blanc – written in Valencia by Joanot Martorell in the 15th century and translated into Italian in the 16th century – keeps being relevant in both the Italian and the Iberian Peninsulas so closely related in past and present. The knight Joanot Martorell wrote a classic of universal literature despite the fact that he belonged to a minority culture. Nowadays after having been translated into numerous languages it is studied in many European and American universities and elicits great interest among researchers as proven by the contributions included in this book.

The aim of this volume is to advance our theoretical and empirical understanding of the relationship between Multimodality and Cognitive Linguistics. The innovative nature of the volume in relation to those existing in the field lies in the fact that it brings together contributions from three of the main approaches dealing with Multimodality – Cognitive Linguistics and multimodal metaphors (Forceville & Urios Aparisi 2009) social semiotics and systemic functional grammar and multimodal interactional analysis (Jewitt 2009) –highlighting the importance of multimodal resources and showing the close relationship between this field of study and Cognitive Linguistics applied to a variety of genres –ranging from comics films cartoons picturebooks or visuals in tapestry to name a few. Originally published in Review of Cognitive Linguistics Vol. 11:2 (2013).

Do the notions of “World Lingua Franca” and “World Literature” now need to be firmly relegated to an imperialist-cum-colonialist past? Or can they be rehabilitated in a practical and equitable way that fully endorses a politics of recognition? For scholars in the field of languages and literatures this is the central dilemma to be faced in a world that is increasingly globalized. In this book the possible banes and benefits of globalization are illuminated from many different viewpoints by scholars based in Africa Asia Europe North America and Oceania. Among their more particular topics of discussion are: language spread language hegemony and language conservation; literary canons literature and identity and literary anthologies; and the bearing of the new communication technologies on languages and literatures alike. Throughout the book however the most frequently explored opposition is between languages or literatures perceived as “major” and others perceived as “minor” two terms which are sometimes qualitative in connotation sometimes quantitative and sometimes both at once depending on who is using them and with reference to what.

In recent years corpora have found their way into language instruction albeit often indirectly through their role in syllabus and course design and in the production of teaching materials and other resources. An alternative and more innovative use is for teachers and students alike to explore corpus data directly as part of the learning process. This volume addresses this latter application of corpora by providing research insights firmly based in the classroom context and reporting on several state-of-the-art projects around the world where learners have direct access to corpus resources and tools and utilize them to improve their control of the language systems and skills or their professional expertise as translators. Its aim is to present recent advances in data-driven learning addressing issues involving different types of corpora for different learner profiles in different ways for different purposes and using a variety of different research methodologies and perspectives.

This is an innovative and distinctive comparative monograph about new word creation in the different varieties of Catalan. In eight chapters it provides a panoramic analysis of the neologisms documented by the NEOXOC network. Each chapter is dedicated to the qualitative and quantitative analysis as well as the comparative territorial analysis of neologisms differentiated by formation sources: suffixation prefixation neoclassical compounding vernacular compounding and syntagmatic compounding Spanish loanwords English loanwords truncation and semantic change. Two annexes contain the neologisms cited as well as a sample of the data collected by NEOXOC from a corpus during 2008-2010 thus establishing a link with previous studies carried out by the Observatori de Neologia. This book is of interest to scholars of the Catalan language and to anyone involved in lexical neology or in more specific fields such as morphology or lexical semantics. Moreover the innovative approach (based on the analysis of diatopic variation in Catalan lexical neology) makes it relevant for those who are interested in the evolution of languages linguistic variation and language planning. The chapters are written in Catalan with extensive English summaries.

Doing more than one thing at the same time – a phenomenon that is often called ‘multitasking’ – is characteristic to many situations in everyday and professional life. Although we all experience it its real time features remain understudied. Multiactivity in Social Interaction: Beyond multitasking offers a fresh view to the phenomenon by presenting studies that explore how two or more activities can be related and made co-relevant as people interact with one another. The studies build on the basis that multiactivity is a social verbal and embodied phenomenon. They investigate multiactivity by using video recordings of real-life interactions from a range of different contexts such as medical settings office workplaces and car driving. With the companion collection Interacting with Objects: Language materiality and social activity the book advances understanding of the complex organisation and accomplishment of social interaction especially the significance of embodiment materiality participation and temporality. A close appreciation of how people use language and interact for and during multiactivity will not only interest researchers in language and social interaction communication studies and discourse analysis but will be very valuable for scholars in cognitive sciences psychology and sociology.

Approximately a quarter of a century ago the Multi-Dimensional (MD) approach—one of the most powerful (and controversial) methods in Corpus Linguistics—saw its first book-length treatment. In its eleven chapters this volume presents all new contributions covering a wide range of written and spoken registers such as movies music magazine texts student writing social media letters to the editor and reports in different languages (English Spanish Portuguese) and contexts (engineering journalism the classroom the entertainment industry the Internet etc.). The book also includes a personal account of the development of the method by its creator Doug Biber an introduction to MD statistics as well as an application of MD analysis to corpus design. The book should be essential reading to anyone with an interest in how texts genres and registers are used in society what their lexis and grammar look like and how they are interrelated.

This volume provides a multifaceted view of certain key themes in multilingualism research today and offers future directions for this research area in the context of the multilingual development of individuals and societies. The selection of studied languages is eclectic (e.g. Amondawa Cantonese Bulgarian Dene Dutch Eipo Frisian German Mandarin Chinese Māori Russian Spanish and Yukatek among others) they are typologically diverse and they are contrasted from a variety of perspectives such as cognitive development aging acquisition grammatical and lexical processing and memory. This collection also illustrates novel insights into the linguistic relativity debate that multilingual studies can offer such as new and revealing perspectives on some well-known topics (e.g. colour categorisation or language transfer). The critical and comprehensive discussions of theoretical and methodological considerations presented in this volume are fundamental for numerous current future empirical and interdisciplinary studies of linguistic diversity linguistic typology and multilingual processing.

The problem of form and meaning in morphology has produced an impressive amount of scholarly work over the last hundred years. Nevertheless many issues continue to be in need of clarification. The present volume assembles 18 selected papers from the 15th International Morphology Meeting (Vienna 9–12 February 2012) relating to this vast field of research. The introduction provides a detailed overview of the state of the art in the field. It is followed by three articles derived from the plenaries that are dedicated to fundamental issues such as the relationship between morphological meaning and concepts between word formation and meaning change as well as indirect coding. The section papers tackle a wide array of issues including affixal polysemy pathways of grammaticalization the processing of compounds mismatches between form and meaning synonymy avoidance or the semantics of specific patterns of noun incorporation compounding reduplication and mimetic verbs.

The volume aims at a universal definition of modality or “illocutionary/speaker’s perspective force” that is strong enough to capture the entire range of different subtypes and varieties of modalities in different languages. The central idea is that modality is all-pervasive in language. This perspective on modality allows for the integration of covert modality as well as peripheral instances of modality in neglected domains such as the modality of insufficieny of attitudinality or neglected domains such as modality and illocutionary force in finite vs. nonfinite and factive vs. non-factive subordinated clauses. In most languages modality encompasses modal verbs both in their root and epistemic meanings at least where these languages have the principled distribution between root and epistemic modality in the first place (which is one fundamentally restricted in its strict qualitative and quantitative sense to the Germanic languages). In addition this volume discusses one other intricate and partially highly mysterious class of modality triggers: modal particles as they are sported in the Germanic languages (except for English). It is argued in the contributions and the languages discussed in this volume how modal verbs and adverbials next to modal particles are expressed how they are interlinked with contextual factors such as aspect definiteness person verbal factivity and assertivity as opposed to other attitudinal types. An essential concept used and argued for is perspectivization (a sub-concept of possible world semantics). Language groups covered in detail and compared are Slavic Germanic and South East Asian. The volume will interest researchers in theoretical and applied linguistics typology the semantics/pragmatics interface and language philosophy as it is part of a larger project developing an alternative approach to Universal Grammar that is compatible with functionalist approaches.

The notion of information has nowadays become crucial both in our daily life and in many branches of science and technology. In language studies this notion was used as a technical term for the first time about at least fifty years ago. It is argued however that "Old" and "New" used traditionally for characterising information refer in fact to the meta-informative status of communicated chunks of information. They provide information about other information. Since subjects and objects as attention-driven phrases are also related to aboutness the presented Meta-Informative Centering (MIC) framework includes predication theory. By applying the MIC theory to their analyses of English German French Polish Russian Greek Latin and Japanese the authors provide comprehensive explanations of the most puzzling aspects of the pragmatic use of basic universal linguistic categories. It seems clear now that canonical syntactic patterns their permutations and diverse transformations do indeed reflect very truly the meta-informative encapsulation of utterances. As a consequence this book presents new and coherent theoretical solutions as well as their very efficient applications.

The contributions in this volume go beyond the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor complementing it in a number of relevant ways. Some of the papers argue for a more dynamic interdisciplinary approach to metaphor looking into it from semiotic psychological and socio-cultural perspectives. Other contributions focus on the crucial role played by metaphor and metonymy in meaning construction at a discourse/textual level. Finally the volume also includes proposals which revolve around the alleged universal nature of metaphorical mappings and their suitability to account for grammatical phenomena.

The contributions in this volume display an ample gamut of theoretical approaches pointing to the viability of taking a functional-cognitive stance on the analysis of metaphor and metonymy in contrast to a purely cognitive one.

This book is structured into three major sections: i) the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: revisions and recent developments; ii) metaphor and/or metonymy across different discourse/genre types; and iii) the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor: current applications. Originally published in Review of Cognitive Linguistics 9:1 (2011).

This book represents a bold attempt to address contemporary issues in both metaphor and psychotherapy research. On one hand metaphor research is increasingly concerned not just with describing metaphors in discourse but how they could be used more adroitly in purposive ‘real world’ contexts such as psychotherapy. On the other hand while a growing number of mental health professionals believe that metaphors contribute in some way to the psychotherapy process their ability and willingness to use metaphors might be compromised by a relative unfamiliarity with the various nuanced aspects of metaphor theory. The present analysis of metaphors in authentic psychotherapeutic talk brings these theoretical aspects to the forefront and suggests how they can be applied to enhance the use of communication of metaphors in psychotherapy. It should be of interest to metaphor researchers mental health professionals and discourse analysts in general.

This work is composed of two parts. The first or introductory part contains a palaeographical discussion about Bodleian Library MS Auctarium D.2.19 that is to say the MacRegol Gospels or the Rushworth Gospels edited by Kenichi Tamoto and which forms the second and main part of this book. The provenience of the MS the Latin text the use of the MS and the Old English gloss are discussed in detail in the introductory part. The chief aim that the author set himself is firstly to survey preceding printed versions of the MS such as Stevenson & Waring (1856-65) and W.W. Skeat (1871-87) and secondly to publish the complete edition of the MS with the whole Latin text interlineally glossed in Old English. This work will stimulate further research into the MS in particular the comparative study of Old English glosses such as those of the Lindisfarne Gospels.

In response to the need for reliable results from natural language processing this book presents an original way of decomposing a language(s) in a microscopic manner by means of intra/inter‑language norms and divergences going progressively from languages as systems to the linguistic mathematical and computational models which being based on a constructive approach are inherently traceable. Languages are described with their elements aggregating or repelling each other to form viable interrelated micro‑systems. The abstract model which contrary to the current state of the art works in intension is exploitable for all sorts of applications where only the elements which are useful are assembled in the micro‑systems needed to solve the problem in hand. Numerous definitions schemata and examples involving many languages make the book accessible to students as well as academics and industrial researchers looking for new theories and methodologies for representations and problem solving wherever language and quality meet.