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This book details the development of eleven modal auxiliaries in late 18^th- and 19^th-century Canadian English in a framework of new-dialect formation. The study assesses features of the modal auxiliaries tracing influences to British and American input varieties parallel developments or Canadian innovations. The findings are based on the Corpus of Early Ontario English pre-Confederation Section the first electronic corpus of early Canadian English. The data which are drawn from newspapers diaries and letters include original transcriptions from manuscript sources and texts from semi-literate writers. While the overall results are generally coherent with new-dialect formation theory the Ontarian context suggests a number of adaptations to the current model. In addition to its general Late Modern English focus New-Dialect Formation in Canada traces changes in epistemic modal functions up to the present day offering answers to the loss of root uses in the central modals. By comparing Canadian with British and American data important theoretical insights on the origins of the variety are gained. The study offers a sociohistorical perspective on a still understudied variety of North American English by combining language-internal features with settlement history in this first monograph-length diachronic treatment of Canadian English in real time.

Negation has always been and still is a central topic in typological studies and theoretical research. Its centrality shows itself in the fact that it is not restricted to a given linguistic field but compasses the whole domain of linguistic studies. Very often works on negation are brought about in a one-sided perspective which excludes other points of view. This book on the contrary puts together studies on negation based on various theoretical frameworks and aims to cover a wide range of theoretical perspectives. The book offers contributions on negation in Old Occitan in Old Italic languages and in several modern Romance languages (Italian Roumanian French Spanish Occitan Catalan among others). It covers the diachronic dimension of negation and explores the syntactic as well as the semantico-pragmatic side of the phenomenon; aspects of negative affixation provide the morphological dimension. The originality of this volume thus lies in the multidisciplinarity of the approaches and perspectives offered.La question de la négation a toujours été et demeure un sujet central dans les recherches en linguistique théorique et typologique. Son caractère central réside en ceci qu’elle n’est pas limitée à un domaine linguistique donné mais embrasse le champ entier de la recherche linguistique. Aussi les travaux sur la négation sont-ils très souvent réalisés dans une perspective donnée qui exclut de facto d’autres points de vue ou d’autres approches. Cet ouvrage prend au contraire le parti de réunir des études dont les postulats théoriques et méthodologiques sont variés couvrant ainsi un éventail de perspectives théoriques. Le présent volume propose donc des contributions sur la négation en Ancien Occitan dans les langues de l’Italie ancienne et dans diverses langues romanes contemporaines (notamment en Italien Roumain Français Espagnol Occitan Catalan). Il couvre ainsi la dimension diachronique de la négation et s’attache à en décrire le fonctionnement d’un point de vue syntaxique aussi bien que sémantico-pragmatique. La dimension morphologique de la négation est également abordée via la problématique de l’affixation négative. L’originalité de cet ouvrage réside donc dans la multidisciplinarité des approches et des perspectives qu’il offre.

This text covers the technologies of document retrieval information extraction and text categorization in a way which highlights commonalities in terms of both general principles and practical concerns. It assumes some mathematical background on the part of the reader but the chapters typically begin with a non-mathematical account of the key issues. Current research topics are covered only to the extent that they are informing current applications; detailed coverage of longer term research and more theoretical treatments should be sought elsewhere. There are many pointers at the ends of the chapters that the reader can follow to explore the literature. However the book does maintain a strong emphasis on evaluation in every chapter both in terms of methodology and the results of controlled experimentation. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

Narrative – State of the Art which was originally published as a Special Issue of Narrative Inquiry 16:1 (2006) is edited by Michael Bamberg and contains 24 chapters (with a brief introduction by the editor) that look back and take stock of developments in narrative theorizing and empirical work with narratives. The attempt has been made to bring together researchers from different disciplines with very different concerns and have them express their conceptions of the current state of the art from their perspectives. Looking back and taking stock this volume further attempts to begin to deliver answers to the questions (i) What was it that made the original turn to narrative so successful? (ii) What has been accomplished over the last 40 years of narrative inquiry? (iii) What are the future directions for narrative inquiry? The contributions to this volume are deliberately kept short so that the readers can browse through them and get a feel about the diversity of current narrative theorizing and emerging new trends in narrative research. It is the ultimate aim of this edited volume to stir up discussions and dialogue among narrative researchers across these disciplines and to widen and open up the territory of narrative inquiry to new and innovative work.

This book focuses on the Norse-derived vocabulary in the works of Archbishop Wulfstan II of York (d. 1023). A considerable advantage derives from studying Wulfstan's compositions because unlike most Old English texts they are closely dateable and to a certain extent localizable. Thus they offer excellent material for the examination of the process of integration and accommodation of Norse-derived vocabulary in Old English. After establishing the list of terms which can be accepted to be Norse-derived this book analyses their relations with their native synonyms both from a semantic and a stylistic point of view and their inclusion in the word-formation processes to which Wulfstan submitted his vocabulary native and borrowed alike. The information derived from this approach is used to explore the possible reasons for the archbishop's selection of the borrowed terms and the impact which his lexical practices had on contemporary and later English writers.

This is the first of two volumes emanating from the Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages held at the University of Texas at Austin in February 2005. It features the keynote address delivered by Denis Bouchard on exaptation and linguistic explanation as well as seventeen contributions by emerging and internationally recognized scholars of Spanish French Italian as well as Rumanian. While the emphasis bears on formal analyses the coverage is remarkably broad as topics range from morphology syntax semantics pragmatics and language acquisition. Each article seeks to represent a new perspective on these topics and a variety of frameworks and concepts are exploited: distributive morphology entailment theory grammaticalization information structure left-periphery polarity lattice spatial individuation thematic hierarchy etc. This volume will challenge anyone interested in current issues in theoretical Romance Linguistics.

This monograph presents a new model of the internal syntax of nominal phrases. The model is mainly based on Scandinavian since with the wide range of variation that Scandinavian displays in the nominal domain despite the close genetic relationship between the different varieties Scandinavian is particularly well-suited for explorations into nominal syntax. Among the topics covered are the basic syntactic structure of nominal phrases definiteness adjective phrases possessors relative clauses and nominal predicates. The model is however meant to be a tool for analysing the nominal phrases of any language. While the base-generated structure is taken to be universally uniform the model allows for variation in the feature makeup of individual elements in the phonological realisation of the features and in the movements that may or may not apply. Hence as shown in the final chapter patterns found in languages outside of Scandinavian can also be accounted for within the model.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has established itself over the past two decades as an area of academic activity in which scholars and students from many different disciplines are involved. It is a field that draws on social theory and aspects of linguistics in order to understand and challenge the discourses of our day. It is time for A New Agenda in the field. The present book is essential for anyone working broadly in the field of discourse analysis in the social sciences. The book includes often critical re-assessments of CDA's assumptions and methods while proposing new route-maps for innovation. Practical analyses of major issues in discourse analysis are part of this agenda-setting volume.

Volume 1 of Non-nominative Subjects (NNSs) presents the most recent research on this topic from a wide range of languages from diverse language families of the world with ample data and in-depth analysis. A significant feature of these volumes is that authors with different theoretical perspectives study the intricate questions raised by these constructions. Some of the central issues include the subject properties of noun phrases with ergative dative accusative and genitive case case assignment and checking anaphor–antecedent coreference the nature of predicates with NNSs whether they are volitional or non-volitional possibilities of control coreference and agreement phenomena. These analyses have significant implications for theories of syntax and verbal semantics first language acquisition of NNSs convergence of case marking patterns in language contact situations and the nature of syntactic change.

What actually happens in counselling interactions? How does counselling bring about change? <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>How do clients end up producing new and alternative stories of their lives and relationships? <br/>By addressing these questions and others Peter Muntigl explores the narrative counselling process in the context where it is enacted: the unfolding conversation between counsellor and clients. Through a transdisciplinary approach that combines conversation analysis and systemic functional linguistic theory Muntigl demonstrates how language is used in couples counselling how language use changes over the course of counselling and how this process provides clients with new linguistic resources that help them change their social relationships. <br/>This book will be a valuable resource not only for linguists and discourse analysts but also for researchers and practitioners in the fields of counselling psychotherapy psychology and medicine.