- Home
- Books
Books
To browse by subfields of a subject, please start on the Subjects tab in the navigation bar/menu, then filter by subject-subcategory and by content type.
Information on Forthcoming Books can be found on the benjamins.com website.
3901 - 3920 of 4243 results
Subject
- Linguistics [3712] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lin
- Literature & Literary Studies [310] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/lit
- Philosophy [273] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/phil
- Communication Studies [267] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/comm
- Translation & Interpreting Studies [265] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/tran
- Psychology [154] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/psy
- Consciousness Research [115] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/cons
- Terminology & Lexicography [90] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/term
- Miscellaneous [39] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/misc
- Sociology [27] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/soc
- Art & Art History [18] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/art
- Interaction Studies [16] http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/is
- More Hide
Year
- 2024 [24] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2024
- 2023 [91] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2023
- 2022 [96] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2022
- 2021 [118] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2021
- 2020 [131] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2020
- 2019 [119] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2019
- 2018 [152] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2018
- 2017 [152] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2017
- 2016 [147] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2016
- 2015 [148] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2015
- 2014 [166] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2014
- 2013 [151] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2013
- 2012 [141] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2012
- 2011 [155] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2011
- 2010 [130] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2010
- 2009 [133] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2009
- 2008 [141] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2008
- 2007 [136] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2007
- 2006 [100] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2006
- 2005 [101] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2005
- 2004 [111] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2004
- 2003 [110] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2003
- 2002 [123] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2002
- 2001 [104] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2001
- 2000 [117] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 2000
- 1999 [87] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1999
- 1998 [69] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1998
- 1997 [73] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1997
- 1996 [69] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1996
- 1995 [55] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1995
- 1994 [58] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1994
- 1993 [58] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1993
- 1992 [68] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1992
- 1991 [74] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1991
- 1990 [51] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1990
- 1989 [39] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1989
- 1988 [45] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1988
- 1987 [46] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1987
- 1986 [52] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1986
- 1985 [48] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1985
- 1984 [42] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1984
- 1983 [40] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1983
- 1982 [31] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1982
- 1981 [31] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1981
- 1980 [30] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1980
- 1979 [23] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1979
- 1978 [14] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1978
- 1977 [15] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1977
- 1976 [7] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1976
- 1975 [5] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1975
- 1974 [6] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1974
- 1973 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1973
- 1972 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1972
- 1971 [2] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1971
- 1969 [3] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1969
- 1967 [1] http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/yearOfPublication 1967
- More Hide
-
-
Time and Again
Editor(s): William D. Lewis, Simin Karimi, Heidi Harley and Scott O. FarrarPublication Date January 2009More LessThis volume is a collection of papers that highlights some recurring themes that have surfaced in the generative tradition in linguistics over the past 40 years. The volume is more than a historical take on a theoretical tradition; rather, it is also a "compass" pointing to exciting new empirical directions inspired by generative theory. In fact, the papers show a progression from core theoretical concerns to data-driven experimental investigation and can be divided roughly into two categories: those that follow a syntactic and theoretical course, and those that follow an experimental or applied path. Many of the papers revisit long-standing or recurring themes in the generative tradition, some of which seek experimental validation or refutation. The merger of theoretical and experimental concerns makes this volume stand out, but it is also forward looking in that it addresses the recent concerns of the creation and consumption of data across the discipline.
-
-
-
Time and Emergence in Grammar
Author(s): Simona Pekarek Doehler, Elwys De Stefani and Anne-Sylvie HorlacherPublication Date December 2015More LessThis monograph examines how language contributes to the social coordination of actions in talk-in-interaction. Focusing on a set of frequently used constructions in French (left-dislocation, right-dislocation, topicalization, and hanging topic), the study provides an empirically rich contribution to the understanding of grammar as thoroughly temporal, emergent, and contingent upon its use in social interaction. Based on data from a range of everyday interactions, the authors investigate speakers’ use of these constructions as resources for organizing social interaction, showing how speakers continuously adapt, revise, and extend grammatical trajectories in real time in response to local contingencies. The book is designed to be both informative for the specialized scholar and accessible to the graduate student familiar with conversation analysis and/or interactional linguistics.
-
-
-
Time in Embodied Interaction
Editor(s): Arnulf Deppermann and Jürgen StreeckPublication Date September 2018More LessThis is the first book dedicated to the study of the complexities that arise in embodied interaction from the multiplicity of time-scales on which its component processes unfold. It shows in microscopic detail how people synchronize and sequence modal resources such as talk, gaze, gesture, and object-manipulation to accomplish social actions. The studies show that each of these resources has its own temporal trajectory, affordances and restrictions, which enable and constrain the fine-grained work of bodily self-organization and interaction with others. Focusing on extended interactional time scales, some of the contributors investigate ways in which larger interactional episodes and relationships between actions are brought about and how actions build on shared interactional histories. The book makes a strong case for the use of video in the study of social interaction. It proposes an enlarged vision of Conversation Analysis that puts the body and its interactive temporalities center stage.
-
-
-
Time in Languages, Languages in Time
Editor(s): Anna Čermáková, Thomas Egan, Hilde Hasselgård and Sylvi RørvikPublication Date September 2021More LessThis volume comprises a collection of contrastive studies on language and time. Languages represented include Czech, French, German, Mandarin, Norwegian and Swedish, all of which are contrasted with English. While the amount of published research on temporal relations in general is considerable, less work has been carried out on comparing how we talk about time in various languages and how languages change over time. Several methodological challenges are addressed and solutions proposed, such as how to deal with poor quality historical data and how to identify n-grams in typologically different languages for purposes of comparison. The results of the various studies show how multilingual corpora can increase our knowledge of language-specific features as well as linguistic, typological and cultural differences and similarities across languages.
-
-
-
Time Representations in the Perspective of Human Creativity
Editor(s): Anna Piata, Adriana Gordejuela and Daniel Alcaraz CarriónPublication Date November 2022More LessIn recent years, the study of the conceptualization of time has seen a considerable growth, providing a basis for exploring the cognitive foundation of metaphor. But if metaphorical representations of time are established in the cognitive system, how are they manipulated when humans are engaged in creative expression? This is the question that the present volume addresses, on the assumption that by interrogating creativity, new insights into our understanding of time may be gained. Our view of creativity, which informs the ten chapters that compose this volume, endorses not only the extraordinary instances found in poetry and the arts (cinema, music, graphic novels, etc.), but also its more ‘mundane’, everyday manifestations that appear in ordinary language use, political discourse, or TV news. Spanning across modalities (verbal, pictorial, auditory, and gestural), the exemplary expressions herein are intended to reflect the richness and diversity vis-à-vis the creativity of time representations while also pointing to the common underpinnings that motivate and constrain creativity.
-
-
-
To Hell and Back
Author(s): Tim Smith and Marco SonzogniPublication Date June 2017More LessDante Alighieri (1265–1321) maintained that translation destroys the harmony of poetry. Yet his Commedia has been translated into English time and again over the last two-and-a-bit centuries. At last count, one-hundred and twenty-nine different translators have published at least one canticle of the Italian masterwork since the first in 1782, and countless more have translated individual cantos. Among them there are some of the finest poets in the English language, including Robert Lowell and the Irish Nobel Laureate Seamus Heaney. Smith and Sonzogni have assembled and annotated two complete translations of Dante’s most popular canticle, Inferno, each canto translated by a different translator. To Hell and Back is a celebration of the art and craft of poetry translation; of the lexical palettes and syntactical tempos of the English language; and, of course, of the genius of one of the greatest poets of all times.
-
-
-
To Understand a Cat
Author(s): Sam S. RakoverPublication Date October 2007More LessTo understand a cat: methodology and philosophy rests on the realization that the everyday behavior of a cat (but other animals too) should be understood through a new approach, namely methodological dualism. It appeals to mechanistic explanation models and to mentalistic explanation models. It puts up the methodological idea that these models have to be combined in one theoretical structure according to the scientific game-rules. This approach shows that specific mentalistic explanations are generated from explanation models or schemes, which meet the demands of the scientific games-rules; and it proposes a new theoretical structure called the multi-explanation theory to generate particular theories, which provide us with efficient explanations for behavioral phenomena. The book delves deep into anthropomorphism, and the complex question of whether a cat has consciousness and free will, and examines the intricate relations of the mental, the computational, and the neurophysiological.(Series A)
-
-
-
Toddler and Parent Interaction
Author(s): Anna FilipiPublication Date December 2009More LessThis book provides a microanalysis of the interactions between four children and their parents starting when the children were aged 9 to 13 months and ending when they were 18 months old. It tracks development as an issue for and of interaction. In so doing, it uncovers the details of the organisation of the sequence structure of the interactions, and exposes the workings of language and social development as they unfold in everyday activities. The study begins with a description of pre-verbal children’s sequences of action and then tracks those sequences as linguistic ability increases. The analysis reveals a developing richness and complexity of the sequence structure and exposes a gap in Child Language studies that focus on the children’s and their carers’ actions in isolation from their sequential environment. By focusing on the initiating actions of both child and parent, and the response to those actions, and by capturing the details of how both verbal and nonverbal actions are organised in the larger sequences of talk, a more complete picture emerges of how adept the young child is at co-creating meaning in highly organised ways well before words start to surface. The study also uncovers pursuit of a response, and orientation to insufficiency and adequacy of response, as defining characteristics of these early interactions.
-
-
-
Tok Pisin Texts
Author(s): Peter Mühlhäusler, Thomas E. Dutton and Suzanne RomainePublication Date November 2003More LessTok Pisin is one of the most important languages of Melanesia and is used in a wide range of public and private functions in Papua New Guinea. The language has featured prominently in Pidgin and Creole linguistics and has featured in a number of debates in theoretical linguistics. With their extensive fieldwork experience and vast knowledge of the archives relating to Papua New Guinea, Peter Mühlhäusler, Thomas E. Dutton and Suzanne Romaine compiled this Tok Pisin text collection. It brings together representative samples of the largest Pidgin language of the Pacific area. These texts represent about 150 years of development of this language and will be an invaluable resource for researchers, language policy makers and individuals interested in the history of Papua New Guinea.
-
-
-
Tone of Voice and Mind
Author(s): Norman D. CookPublication Date September 2002More LessTone of Voice and Mind is a synthesis of findings from neurophysiology (how neurons produce subjective feeling), neuropsychology (how the human cerebral hemispheres undertake complementary information-processing), intonation studies (how the emotions are encoded in the tone of voice), and music perception (how human beings hear and feel harmony). The focus is on the psychological characteristics that distinguish us from other primate species. At a neuronal level, we are just another mammalian species, but the functional specialization of the human cerebral hemispheres has resulted in three outstanding, uniquely-human talents: language, tool-usage and music. To understand how the human brain coordinates those behaviors is to understand who we are. (Series B)
-
-
-
Tone Orthography and Literacy
Editor(s): David Roberts and Stephen L. WalterPublication Date July 2021More LessThis book presents the results of a series of literacy experiments in ten Niger-Congo languages, representing four language families and spanning five countries. It asks the research question, "To what extent does full tone marking contribute to oral reading fluency, comprehension and writing accuracy, and does that contribution vary from language to language?". One of the main findings is that the ethno-literacy profile of the language community and the social profile of the individual are stronger predictors of reading and writing performance than are the linguistic and orthographic profiles of the language. Our data also suggest that full tone marking may be more beneficial for less educated readers and those with less experience of L1 literacy. The book will bring practical help to linguists and literacy specialists in Africa and beyond who are helping to develop orthographies for tone languages. It will also be of interest to cognitive psychologists exploring the reading process, and researchers investigating writing systems.
-
-
-
Topic Continuity in Discourse
Author(s): T. GivónPublication Date January 1983More LessThe functional notion of “topic” or “topicality” has suffered, traditionally, from two distinct drawbacks. First, it has remained largely ill defined or intuitively defined. And second, quite often its definition boiled down to structure-dependent circularity. This volume represents a major departure from past practices, without rejecting both their intuitive appeal and the many good results yielded by them. First, “topic” and “topicality” are re-analyzed as a scalar property, rather than as an either/or discrete prime. Second, the graded property of “topicality” is firmly connected with sensible cognitive notions culled from gestalt psychology, such as “predictability” or “continuity”. Third, we develop and utilize precise measures and quantified methods by which the property of “topicality” of clausal arguments can be studied in connected discourse, and thus be properly hinged in its rightful context, that of topic identification, maintenance and recoverability in discourse. Fourth, we show that many grammatical phenomena which used to be studied by linguists in isolation, all partake in one functional domain of grammar, that of topic identification. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of this new approach to the study of “topic” and “topicality” by applying the same text-based quantifying method to a number of typologically-diverse languages, in studying actual texts. Languages studied here are: Written and spoken English, spoken Spanish, Biblical Hebrew, Amharic, Hausa, Japanese, Chamorro and Ute.
-
-
-
Topic, Antitopic and Verb Agreement in Non-Standard French
Author(s): Knud LambrechtPublication Date January 1981More LessThe author describes and explains the syntactic and pragmatic properties of the nominal and pronominal elements in sentences of the types Ces Romains ils sont fous and Ils sont fous, ces Romains, which, in spite of their frequent occurrence, have so far received little attention among linguists and grammarians. He argues that far from having the marginal status of a linguistic anomaly, the cooccurrence in the same clause of coreferential nouns and pronouns is one formal manifestation of an important functional principle in modern French: the encoding of a topic-comment relationship in the surface structure of the sentence. The pronouns in sentences such as the ones mentioned are interpreted as agreement markers. The syntactic and semantic differences between topics and anti-topics are analyzed.
-
-
-
Topic, Focus and Configurationality
Editor(s): Werner Abraham and Sjaak de MeijPublication Date January 1986More LessSome fundamental questions regarding sentence structure in linguistics concern whether all languages, at some level of abstraction, have the same structure, and what are the basic categories with which to describe sentence structure. The contributors of this volume are specialized in two quite different languages: Hungarian and German. Of the German papers three are mainly about focus (Abraham, Jacobs, and Stechow-Uhman), whereas the remaining ones (Haider and Scherpenisse) are mainly about V-second. The Hungarian papers are all about focus, of which those of Kálman, Kiefer, Marácz, and De Mey-Marácz are about focussing in the stricter sense. Hunyadi, Kenesei and É. Kiss focus on the pre-verbal area in general and the interpretation of operators in Hungarian in particular. The remaining papers (Horvath, Komlósy, and Szabolczi) are on the position of the PRE-V, the position immediately after the finite verb.
-
-
-
Topical Relevance in Argumentation
Author(s): Douglas N. WaltonPublication Date January 1982More LessIt is a longstanding if not altogether coherent tradition of logic and rhetorical studies that an argument can be incorrect or fallacious in virtue of some proposition in it being “irrelevant”. This monograph clarifies that tradition. Non-classical propositional calculi, including relevance logics and relatedness logics, are juxtaposed against conversational criticisms of irrelevance in natural argumentation, e.g. in parliamentary debates. The object is to see if there is a reasonable way of evaluating criticisms like “That’s beside the point!” or “That’s irrelevant!”.
-
-
-
Topics in African Linguistics
Editor(s): Salikoko S. Mufwene and Lioba MoshiPublication Date October 1993More LessThe 16 papers in this volume are revised versions of papers presented at the conference; they represent the state of the art in various subfields of African linguistics into which the book is organized: (1) morphosyntax, (2) semantics, (3) phonology, and (4) language contact. The last part covers topics such as code-switching and mixing, pidginization/creolization, and language planning.The papers in Part I: Morphosyntax focus particularly on the verb and verb phrase in a variety of Niger-Congo languages, discussing several aspects of the verb morphology. The specific languages discussed include Kinande, Kilega, Kinyarwanda (Larry Hyman), Kikongo-Kituba (M. Ngalasso), Duala (E. Bilao), Yoruba (S.A. Lawal), Ewe (A.S. Allen), and Gbaya 'Bodoe (P. Roulon-Doko). The papers in Part II: Semantics discuss foundational questions regarding the proper/common noun distinction in two geographically very distant African languages, Gborbo Krahn (Janet Bing) in the west and Luo (Ben G. Blount) in the east, which follow yet very similar principles. And, despite differences in the titles, the papers on Kivunjo (Lioba Moshi) and Emai (Schaefer and Egbokhare) address the question of the semantic basis for assigning property concepts to different lexical categories. There are two papers in Part III: Phonology, which are mostly on the prosodic features of Chiyao (Al Mtenje) and Manding (J. Tourville). In Part IV: Language Contact, Eyamba Bokamba's and C. Meyers-Scotton's papers discuss speech variation and mostly formal constraints associated with them, while Helma Pasch compares segmental features of Sango and Yakoma in the Central African Republic to determine whether the former is a creole. Edmun Richmond focuses on the choice of national official language in sub-Saharan Africa. Except for Pasch all of them cover several languages and geographical areas.
-
-
-
Topics in Audiovisual Translation
Editor(s): Pilar OreroPublication Date October 2004More LessThe late twentieth-century transition from a paper-oriented to a media-oriented society has triggered the emergence of Audiovisual Translation as the most dynamic and fastest developing trend within Translation Studies. The growing interest in this area is a clear indication that this discipline is going to set the agenda for the theory, research, training and practice of translation in the twenty-first century. Even so, this remains a largely underdeveloped field and much needs to be done to put Screen Translation, Multimedia Translation or the wider implications of Audiovisual Translation on a par with other fields within Translation Studies. In this light, this collection of essays reflects not only the “state of the art” in the research and teaching of Audiovisual Translation, but also the professionals’ experiences. The different contributions cover issues ranging from reflections on professional activities, to theory, the impact of ideology on Audiovisual Translation, and the practices of teaching and researching this new and challenging discipline.In expanding further the ground covered by the John Benjamins’ book (Multi)Media Translation (2001), this book seeks to provide readers with a deeper insight into some of the specific concepts, problems, aims and terminology of Audiovisual Translation, and, by this token, to make these specificities emerge from within the wider nexus of Translation Studies, Film Studies and Media Studies. In a quickly developing technical audiovisual world, Audiovisual Translation Studies is set to become the academic field that will address the complex cultural issues of a pervasively media-oriented society.
-
-
-
Topics in Cognitive Linguistics
Editor(s): Brygida Rudzka-OstynPublication Date January 1988More LessThis volume presents new developments in cognitive grammar and explores its descriptive and explanatory potential with respect to a wide range of language phenomena. These include the formation and use of locationals, causative constructions, adjectival and nominal expressions of oriented space, morphological layering, tense and aspect, and extended uses of verbal predicates. There is also a section on the affinities between cognitive grammar an early linguistic theories, both ancient and modern.
-
-
-
Topics in Language Resources for Translation and Localisation
Editor(s): Elia Yuste RodrigoPublication Date November 2008More LessLanguage Resources (LRs) are sets of language data and descriptions in machine readable form, such as written and spoken language corpora, terminological databases, computational lexica and dictionaries, and linguistic software tools. Over the past few decades, mainly within research environments, LRs have been specifically used to create, optimise or evaluate natural language processing (NLP) and human language technologies (HLT) applications, including translation-related technologies. Gradually the infrastructures and exploitation tools of LRs are being perceived as core resources in the language services industries and in localisation production settings. However, some efforts ought yet to be made to raise further awareness about LRs in general, and LRs for translation and localisation in particular to a wider audience in all corners of the world. Topics in Language Resources for Translation and Localisation sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and underscores the usefulness that LRs can potentially have in the process of creating, adapting, managing, standardising and leveraging content for more than one language and culture from various perspectives.
-
-
-
Topics in Signed Language Interpreting
Editor(s): Terry JanzenPublication Date October 2005More LessInterpreters who work with signed languages and those who work strictly with spoken languages share many of the same issues regarding their training, skill sets, and fundamentals of practice. Yet interpreting into and from signed languages presents unique challenges for the interpreter, who works with language that must be seen rather than heard. The contributions in this volume focus on topics of interest to both students of signed language interpreting and practitioners working in community, conference, and education settings. Signed languages dealt with include American Sign Language, Langue des Signes Québécoise and Irish Sign Language, although interpreters internationally will find the discussion in each chapter relevant to their own language context. Topics concern theoretical and practical components of the interpreter’s work, including interpreters’ approaches to language and meaning, their role on the job and in the communities within which they work, dealing with language variation and consumer preferences, and Deaf interpreters as professionals in the field.
-