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This volume offers a collection of original articles on the teaching of translation and interpreting responding to the increased interest in this area not only within translation and interpreting studies but also in related fields. It contains empirical theoretical and state-of-the-art original pieces that address issues relevant to translation and interpreting pedagogy such as epistemology technology language proficiency and pedagogical approaches (e.g. game-based task-based). All of the contributors are researchers and educators of either translation or interpreting – or both. The volume should be of interest to researchers and teachers of translation and interpreting second language acquisition and language for specific purposes. An introduction by the editors – both distinguished scholars in translation & interpreting pedagogy – provides the necessary context for the contributions. Originally published as a special issue of Translation and Interpreting Studies 10:1 (2015) edited by Brian James Baer and Christopher D. Mellinger.

Having been established as a field in its own right for the last decade intercultural pragmatics is increasingly being recognized as an important area of research among scholars working in pragmatics. The present volume is a collection of selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Intercultural Pragmatics and Communication – admittedly the biggest venue for researchers in the area and comprises contributions that report on recent research that deals with or can directly inform work in intercultural pragmatics. Given the breadth of research areas that are<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>represented herein ranging from lingua franca and business communication to the study of cultural perceptions translation and pragmatic development this volume is bound to be of interest to not only students and scholars engaged in the area of intercultural pragmatics but also to all those with a more general interest in the sociocultural turn in the study of pragmatics.

This book approaches the concept of boundary central in linguistic theory and the related notion of phase from the perspective of the interaction between syntax and its interfaces. A primary notion is that phases are the appropriate domains to explain most interface linguistic phenomena and that the study of (narrow) interfaces helps to understand conditions on the internal structure of the Language Faculty. The first part of this volume is dedicated to introducing the notion of boundary cycle and phase and also the current debates regarding internal interfaces in particular the syntax-phonology syntax-semantics syntax-discourse syntax-morphology and syntax-lexicon interfaces in order to show how the notion of boundary/phase is related to (or even determines) most of their characteristics. The four sections of the second part deal with (morpho)phonology/ syntax and the role or boundaries/phases; the syntax-discourse and syntax-semantics interface; and the lexicon-syntax interface while the notion of boundary/phase cross-cuts the main topics addressed.

In the light of recent waves of mass immigration non-professional interpreting and translation (NPIT) is spreading at an unprecedented pace. While as recently as the late 20th century much of the field was a largely uncharted territory the current proportions of NPIT suggest that the phenomenon is here to stay and needs to be studied with all due academic rigour.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This collection of essays is the first systematic attempt at looking at NPIT in a scholarly and at the same time pragmatic way. Offering multiple methods and perspectives and covering the diverse contexts in which NPIT takes place the volume is a welcome turn in an all too often polarized debate in both academic and practitioner circles.

This book investigates the role that ambiguous evidence can play in the acquisition of syntax. To illustrate this the book introduces a probabilistic learning model for syntactic parameters that learns a grammar of best fit to the learner’s evidence. The model is then applied to a range of cross-linguistic case studies – in Swiss German Korean and English – involving child errors grammatical variability and implicit negative evidence. Building on earlier work on language modeling this book is unique for its focus on ambiguous evidence and its careful attention to the effects of parameters interacting with each other. This allows for a novel and principled account of several acquisition puzzles. With its inter-disciplinary approach this book will be of broad interest to syntacticians language acquisitionists and cognitive scientists of language.

This volume offers fresh cutting-edge perspectives on issues of language and citizenship by casting a critical light on a broad spectrum of geo-political contexts – Flanders Luxembourg Singapore South Africa the UK - and discourse data – policy documents newspaper articles ethnographic notes and interviews skits bodies in protests. The main aims of the book are to investigate institutional discourses about the relationship between nationality and citizenship and relate such discourses to more ethnographically grounded interactions; tease out the multiple and often conflicting meanings of citizenship; and explore the different linguistic/semiotic guises that citizenship might take on in different contexts. The book argues that the linguistic/discursive study of citizenship should not only include critical investigations of political proposals about language testing but should also encompass the diverse more or less mundane ways in which various social actors enact citizenship with the help of an array of multivocal material and affective semiotic resources. Originally published as a special issue of Journal of Language and Politics 14:3 (2015).

The study of negation across languages has left no stone unturned with respect to a range of frequently-researched areas such as negative raising negative concord and the behavior of quantifiers under negative scope. Past research has chiefly focused on the category of negation from a cross-linguistic perspective with probably less attention devoted to the study of negation across dialects of languages or across contact languages. The observation of universal quantification in the scope of negation in the English spoken in Singapore for example is an area which has been largely under-researched in the literature as has the rarely-reported phenomenon of negative raising in Singapore English. The present volume profiles some of the problems of negation in English and Singapore English framed against the background of studies of negation in other contact dialects of English and pidgins/creoles and offering a diverse range of theoretical approaches to the problems.

This volume offers a multidisciplinary view of cutting-edge research on bilingualism in Spanish and Portuguese-speaking regions with the aim of building a bridge between sub-fields and approaches that often find themselves isolated from one another. The thirteen contributions in this volume offer a glimpse of the diversity of bilingualism present in the Hispanic and Lusophone world shedding light on the sheer variety of speaker communities language pairings (e.g. Spanish-English Spanish-Basque Spanish-Dutch Portuguese-Spanish-English Portuguese-English Spanish-K’ichee Maya and Spanish-Ixcatec) and speaker types (e.g. simultaneous bilinguals and early and late sequential bilinguals). The diversity present in this collection of papers both in empirical coverage and methodological and theoretical approaches will be of interest to a wide range of students and researchers in bilingualism and Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics.

This book aims to help researchers and teachers interested in language processing and Processability Theory (PT) to understand this theory and its applications. PT is an influential account of second language processing which hypothesizes that due to the architecture of language processing learners acquire second languages in developmental stages. This book lays out PT’s predictions and research on the development of diverse target languages – particularly English and Scandinavian languages – by learners of various categories. It discusses the typological issues facing PT and its contribution to an understanding of variation and cognitive constraints on pedagogy. However the book also raises a critical eye to the literature which after almost twenty years of evolution requires explanation clarification and in some cases extension. Why do some phenomena belong to different stages in different languages? Why are important types of variation under-represented? Is teaching as constrained as proposed in PT?

This volume emphasizes the energetic nature of linguistic diversity and its consequences of how we think about language how it affects the individual education in school and urban spaces across the globe. Hence linguistic diversity reflects the constant state of rapid change prevalent in modern societies bearing opportunities as well as challenges. It is the prime objective of this selection of contributions to give a differentiated picture of the chances of linguistic diversity. Dynamics of Linguistic Diversity pays tribute to more recent developments in the study of language applied linguistics and education sciences. Contributions in this volume discuss how the concept of language is contextualized in a world of polylanguaging investigate latent factors of influence multilingual individuals multilingual proficiency multilingual practices and development multilingual communication as well as teaching practices and whether they foster or hamper multilingual development.

This volume surveys political satire as a journalistic genre in Iran since the latter days of the Qajar dynasty to the present thus spanning one century and more. It is an important resource but it also provides an analysis. Moreover this volume is a rare effort to answer a question that looks simple but is very complicated: “Why would someone produce satire knowing that this act might be followed by dangerous consequences?” and to find out what motivates political satirists. For this aim nine prominent political satirists have been interviewed: writers and cartoonists men and women those who live abroad and those who still live in Iran. The author analyses this data in relation to among other things the main theories of humor to provide a descriptive report for each satirist’s motivations as well as the strength of each motivational element in a general comparative context.

This volume contains original research and innovative analyses that deepen our understanding of figurative thought and language. The selected papers focus on the multi-faceted aspect of figuration its function in thought and its impact on areas of grammar and communication. Key topics explored include metaphor metonymy and their relationship to each other as well as the less studied figure of hyperbole and its relation to the fundamental figures of metaphor and metonymy. Collectively the papers examine the pragmatic reasoning processes triggered by figurative thought the lexicogrammatical motivations and/or constraints on figurative language the impact of deeply entrenched figurative thought on the lexicon of natural languages the cultural origins of figurative thought and the psycholinguistic motivations for figuration. The comprehensive treatment of these issues is fundamental for future research on figurative thought and language particularly on questions of universality vs. specificity of figuration the impact of figuration on constructions cross-linguistic comparisons of figurative language and cognitive-pragmatic approaches to figurative meaning.

The Vita coaetanea (A Contemporary Life) is an autobiographical account of Ramon Llull’s life dictated by himself to a friend in 1311 when he was seventy-nine years old. In it Llull reviews his works in the context of a life dedicated to God and motivated by the desire to disseminate the message of the Christian faith among the infidels. Llull the self-labeled troubadour of books wrote this account in part as a self-justification of his life and work in part as self-consolation for his unending toils and travails. It is very likely that he also had in mind the Council of Vienne (1311) which he was about to attend and where he submitted petitions dealing with the establishment of adequate places to study languages for the preaching of the Gospel to every creature and the founding of a Christian military religious order that waged permanent war against the Saracens until the Holy Land is reconquered. Llull wanted to frame these petitions within a well thought-out justificatory account of his life and works that exudes passion commitment and love for his fellow man.

This volume contains the Latin original as well as translations into Catalan Spanish and English.

As language is a multifaceted phenomenon the study of language as long as it is geared at providing a comprehensive picture of it cannot be restricted to one component or one approach. This applies to the many different components of language as well including semantics.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>If we want to fully understand the phenomenon of language meaning we must not limit our research to lexical semantics syntax-induced meaning or pragmatics. In order to enable ourselves to construct a consistent account of meaning we need to extract relevant information from research done in different frameworks and from different theoretical standpoints.<br/>This volume brings together a number of computational psycholinguistic as well as theoretical studies which highlight and illustrate how research done in one subfield of linguistics can be relevant to others.<br/>The articles highlight the different ways in which one can work with different aspects of language meaning.

This collection provides a kaleidoscopic view of a range of identity struggles in the workplace context. It features twenty-two case studies that present an eclectic mix of workplaces in different socio-cultural contexts. They include among others household workers in Peru and Hong Kong female professionals in India and the UK social workers in Botswana and on Canadian reserves tourist guides in Europe and construction workers in New Zealand. The volume addresses important questions on professional competence group membership (sometimes competing) expectations and identity boundaries. The chapters establish that identity struggles are a reflection of issues of knowledge competing norms and attempts for social change.

In his account of text and textual meaning Pettersson demonstrates that a text as commonly conceived is not only a verbal structure but also a physical entity two kinds of phenomena which do not in fact add up to a unitary object. He describes this current notion of text as convenient enough for many practical purposes but inadequate in discussions of a theoretically more demanding nature. Having clearly demonstrated its intellectual drawbacks he develops an alternative boldly revisionary way of thinking about text and textual meaning. His careful argument is in challenging dialogue with assumptions about language-in-use to be found in a wide range of present-day literary theory linguistics philosophical aesthetics and philosophy of language.

The volume presents a selection of contributions related to integration adaptation language attitudes and language change among young Russian-speaking immigrants in Germany. At the turn of the century Germany which defined itself as a mono-ethnic and mono-racial society has become a country integrating various immigrant groups. Among those there are three different types of Russian immigrants: Russian Germans Russian Jews and ethnic Russians all three often perceived as “Russians” by the host country. The three groups have the same linguistic background but a different ethnicity known as “nationality” a separate entry in Russian official documents. This defined the immigration paths and the subsequent integration into German society where each group strives to position itself in relation to two other groups in the same migrant space. The book discusses the complexities of belonging and (self-/other) assignment to groups as well as the attitude to language maintenance among young Russian-speaking immigrants.

Crowdsourcing and online collaborative translations have emerged in the last decade to the forefront of Translation Studies as one of the most dynamic and unpredictable phenomena that has attracted a growing number of researchers. The popularity of this set of varied translational processes holds the potential to reframe existing translation theories redefine a number of tenets in the discipline advance research in the so-called “technological turn” and impact public perceptions on translation. This book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of these phenomena from a descriptive and critical perspective delving into industry approaches and fostering inter and intra disciplinary connections between areas in which the impact is the greatest such as cognitive translatology translation technologies quality and translation evaluation sociological approaches text-linguistic approaches audiovisual translation or translation pedagogy. This book is of special interest to translation researchers translation students industry experts or anyone with an interest on how crowdsourcing and online collaborative translations relate to past present and future research and theorizations in Translation Studies.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

This book presents a detailed analysis of the Chinese pivotal constructions (PVCs) and their diachronic developments from a constructionalist perspective with the focus on the growth of the constructional hierarchies of these constructions and the changes with respect to both the form and meaning properties over time. The most important enabling factor behind the diachronic developments of the PVCs has been the sanction of the new instances conflicting with the constructions’ specifications. Throughout history the PVCs have grown along the two dimensions i.e. inclusiveness and multileveledness leading to a steady increase in the sizes of their constructional hierarchies. The two-dimensional expansion of the PVCs’ constructional hierarchies has been accompanied by the gradual relaxation of the conditions constraining the earliest instances on multiple schematicity levels. This book will be valuable to scholars working on diachronic construction grammar and language change as well as to those interested in the history of Chinese language.

This book is the result of intensive and continued discussions about the social role of language and its conceptualisations in societies other than Northern (European-American) ones. Language as a means of expressing as well as evoking both interiority and community has been in the focus of these discussions led among linguists anthropologists and Egyptologists and leading to a collection of essays that provide studies that transcend previously considered approaches. Its contributions are in particular interested in understanding how the attitude of the individual towards societal processes and strategies of norming is negotiated emotionally and how individual interests and attitudes can be articulated. Discourses on public spaces are in the focus in order to analyse those strategies that are employed to articulate dissent (for example in the sense of face-threatening acts). This raises a number of questions on the spatial and public situatedness of emotions and language: How is the public space dealt with and reflected in language as property heritage and as a part of ascribed identities? Which role do emotions play in this space? How is emotion employed there as part of place making in relation to identity constructions? What is the connection between emotion performance and emblematic spaces and places? Which opportunities of the violation of norms and transgression do such public spaces offer to actors and speakers? These questions intend to address the communicative representation of core cultural processes and concepts.

This volume presents a theoretical and practical model for analysing epistemic stance in dialogues i.e. the positions both epistemic (commitment) and evidential (source of information) which speakers take in the here and now of communication with regard to the information they are conveying and which they express through lexical and morphosyntactic means.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>According to the results of our studies of different types of corpora these positions can be reduced to three basic ones: Knowing Unknowing Believing (KUB). <br/>In the first part of the book we present the KUB model and its psychological and linguistic backgrounds. In the second part we provide an exemplary application of the model by presenting the qualitative and quantitative analysis of dialogues belonging to different genres and contexts.<br/>The volume is addressed to scholars concerned with the topical issues from a theoretical and analytical perspective. <br/>

This volume presents a cross-linguistic investigation of clausal noun-modifying constructions in genetically varied languages of Eurasia. Contrary to a common premise that in any language adnominal clauses that share some features of relative clauses constitute a structurally distinct construction some languages of Eurasia exhibit a General Noun-Modifying Clause Construction (GNMCC) -- a single construction covering a wide range of semantic relations between the head noun and the clause. Through in-depth examination of naturally-occurring and elicited data from Ainu languages of the Caucasus (e.g. Ingush Georgian Bezhta Hinuq) Japanese Korean Marathi Nenets Sino-Tibetan languages (e.g. Cantonese Mandarin Rawang) and Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish Sakha) the chapters discuss whether or not the language in question exhibits a GNMCC and the range of noun modification covered by such a construction. The findings afford us new facts new theoretical perspectives and the first step toward a more global assessment of the possibilities for GNMCCs.

This volume is a compendium of PACTE Group’s experimental research in Translation Competence since 1997. The book is organised in four main parts and also includes eight appendices and a glossary. Part I presents the conceptual and methodological framework of PACTE’s Translation Competence research design. Part II focuses on the methodological aspects of the research design and its development: exploratory tests and pilot studies carried out; experiment design; characteristics of the sample population; procedures of data collection and analysis. Part III presents the results obtained in the experiment related to: the Acceptability of the translations produced in the experiment and the six dependent variables of study (Knowledge of Translation; Translation Project; Identification and Solution of Translation Problems; Decision-making; Efficacy of the Translation Process; Use of Instrumental Resources); this part also includes a corpus analysis of the translations. Part IV analyses the translators who were ranked highest in the experiment and goes on to present final conclusions as well as PACTE’s perspectives in the field of Translation Competence research.

Nowadays philosophy is characterized by such heterogeneous intellectual practices that its very unity and coherence seem endangered. What is especially disconcerting is that most authors manage to largely ignore the very existence of methodological positions radically different from their own. Fortunately there have been exceptions and the present volume focuses on one of them: the failed debate that took place between John Searle and Jacques Derrida. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This book thoroughly analyses that exchange contextualizing it within the respective philosophical traditions of the two thinkers with the general aim of turning their dispute into what it was not: a respectful sensible and fruitful controversy. This episode is thus taken as an opportunity to reflect on the peculiar nature of philosophy as an intellectual practice and to discuss some of its main themes: language as an instrument for communication the intentionality of consciousness and difference as a constitutive element of every text.

In 1978 Nelson Goodman explored the relation of “worlds” to language and literature formulating the term “worldmaking” to suggest that many other worlds can as plausibly exist as the “world” we know right now. We cannot catch or know “the world” as such: all we can catch are the world versions - descriptions views or workings of the world – that are expressed in symbolic systems (words music dancing visual representations). Over the twenty-five years since then creative works have played a crucial role in realigning reshaping and renegotiating our understandings of how worlds can be made and preserved in the face of globalizing trends.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume is divided into three sections each engaging with worlds as malleable constructs. Central to all of the contributions is the question: how can we understand the relationships between natural political cultural fictional literary linguistic and virtual worlds and why does this matter?