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The chapters of this volume scrutinize the interplay of different combinations of case animacy and semantic roles thus contributing to our understanding of these notions in a novel way. The focus of the chapters lies on showing how animacy affects argument marking. Unlike previous studies these chapters primarily deal with lesser studied phenomena such as animacy effects on spatial cases and the differences between cases and adpositions in the coding of spatial relations. In addition theoretical and diachronic issues related to case and semantic roles are also discussed; for example what is case how do cases develop and what are the functional differences between cases and adpositions? The chapters deal with a variety of different languages including Uralic languages Indo-European languages Basque Korean and Vaeakau-Taumako. The book is appealing to anyone interested in case animacy and/or semantic roles.

The present collection of articles represents research efforts in the field of specialised languages including the analysis of research articles in disciplines as diverse as Biomedicine and Computing on the one hand and overlapping disciplines such as in Social Sciences on the other all with high relevance to English for Academic Purposes and English for specific Purposes. The volume offers empirical evidence obtained from corpus-based analyses of language both from diachronic as well as synchronic perspectives on topics such as the role of mother tongue in professional writing the analysis of conference abstracts as a genre or the analysis of visual data transfer. This collection addresses issues such as the implementation of lexicons for specialised language learning and the development of ontologies to research language patterns. The volume thus provides a rich repertoire of research methodologies in-depth analyses of specialised discourses and the identification and discussion of relevant pedagogic issues.Winner of the 4th Edition of the 'Enrique Alcaraz Research Award'

The notion of controversy space is the key element of the new model of scientific and philosophical change introduced in this book. Devised as an alternative to classical models the model of Controversy Spaces is a heuristic tool for the reconstruction of processes of conceptual change in the history of science and philosophy. The first chapter of this volume outlines in its initial section the historical trajectory of the dialectical adversarial approach to the progress of knowledge from its ancient flourishing and its almost complete oblivion in modernity up to its contemporary revival. Then the main features that characterize the structure and dynamics of controversy spaces are identified and examined. In the rest of the book the reader will find a detailed fascinating series of case studies that apply the CS model in a variety of scientific areas ranging from physics to linguistics as well as the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of historiography.

Until recently mixed languages were considered an oddity of contact linguistics with debates about whether or not they actually existed stifling much descriptive work or discussion of their origins. These debates have shifted from questioning their existence to a focus on their formation and their social and structural features. This book aims to advance our understanding of how mixed languages evolve by introducing a substantial corpus from a newly-described mixed language Gurindji Kriol. Gurindji Kriol is spoken by the Gurindji people who live at Kalkaringi in northern Australia and is the result of pervasive code-switching practices. Although Gurindji Kriol bears some resemblance to both of its source languages it uses the forms from these languages to function within a unique system. This book focuses on one structural aspect of Gurindji Kriol case morphology which is from Gurindji but functions in ways that differ from its source.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the pragmatic development of language groups at different proficiency levels and to investigate the relationship between interlanguage pragmatics and grammatical competence. For this study 36 native Spanish speaking EFL learners at different proficiency levels were asked to respond in English to 24 different situations that called for the speech acts of request and apology. Results showed three important aspects. The first finding suggested that basic adult learners possess a pragmatic knowledge in their L1 that allows them to focus on the intended meaning and in most cases to assemble an utterance that conveys a pragmatic intention and satisfies the communicative demands of a social situation. The second finding revealed that there are two essential conditions to communicate a linguistic action: the knowledge of the relevant linguistic rules and the knowledge of how to use them appropriately and effectively in a specific context. The findings further suggested that advanced learners possess the grammatical knowledge to produce an illocutionary act but they need to learn the specific L2 pragmatic conventions that enable them to know when to use these grammatical forms and under which circumstances.

The predominant positive view among philosophers and scientists alike is that consciousness is something realized in brain activity. This view however largely fails to capture what consciousness is like according to how it shows itself to conscious beings. What this work proposes instead is that consciousness is a phenomenon that exists in and throughout the body. Apart from whether or not it involves intentionality and apart from whether or not it involves awareness of the self consciousness is self-intimating self-revealing self-disclosing. Self-disclosure is the definitive phenomenological character of consciousness in all its forms. Taking this stance as a point of departure the book presents a specific account of what bodily field phenomenon consciousness is. In this way the current stalemate in philosophy over the question of the physical reality of consciousness is broken. Series A

Interest in transcript-based research has grown significantly in recent years. Alongside this growth has been an increase in awareness of the empirical utility of naturalistic research on language use in interaction. However a quick scan of the literature reveals that very few transcription books have been published in the past three decades. This is an astonishing fact given that there are perhaps hundreds of books published on spoken discourse analysis. This book aims to narrow this gap by providing an introduction to the theories and practices related to transcribing communication data. The book is intended for students with little to no knowledge of transcription work and/or instructors responsible for teaching introductory courses on transcript-based research. Readers who are learning or teaching discourse/conversation analysis or similar analytic methods of investigation will find this book particularly helpful.

Christopher Jenks has many years of experience teaching transcription work and analysis of communication data to postgraduate students and researchers. In addition to running workshops and giving presentations on similar topics at universities around the world he has published widely in top international journals and has numerous other forthcoming publications.

Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab die Metaphysik Meister Eckharts auf systematische Weise darzustellen und das gemeinsame Fundament zu ermitteln das anzeigt dass seine spekulativen lateinischen wie auch seine von bildhaften Ausdrucksweisen geprägten deutschen Schriften inhaltlich miteinander vereinbar sind. Das Innovative dieser Studie manifestiert sich darin dass dieser Versuch der Systematisierung anhand des mittelalterlichen Sprachmodells mit seinen Prädikationsstruktur aufweisenden Sätzen die zugleich die Grundthesen der Eckhart’schen Metaphysik bilden vorgenommen wird. Die Prädikation ist gemäß der Inhärenz- oder der Identitätstheorie zu verstehen dies bei variierendem Satzsinn. Das zeitigt wichtige Folgen für Eckharts Gottesverständnis und seine spezifische Haltung gegenüber der negativen Theologie. Schließlich wird ermittelt welche Auswirkung die Prädikation auf die Grundsätze seiner Metaphysik besitzt einer Metaphysik die wie exemplarisch gezeigt wird auch für seine deutschen Schriften konstitutiv ist.This study aims to present Meister Eckhart’s metaphysics in a systematic way and to identify the common basis that makes apparent that his speculative Latin works and his German works which are full of pictorial expressions are compatible with each other. The innovative approach of this study lies in its attempt of systematization on the basis of the medieval theories of language. This approach identifies different ways of understanding Meister Eckhart’s key predicative propositions which are the main theses of his metaphysics. Predication can be understood according to the theories of inherence or identity resulting in different meanings of the same sentence. This has great impact on Meister Eckhart’s concept of God and his attitude toward negative theology. The book shows in great detail how predication is at the root of understanding the main theses of Meister Eckhart’s metaphysics which – as is exemplarily demonstrated – is also constitutive for his German works.

Reciprocals are an increasingly hot topic in linguistic research. This reflects the intersection of several factors: the semantic and syntactic complexity of reciprocal constructions their centrality to some key points of linguistic theorizing (such as Binding Conditions on anaphors within Government and Binding Theory) and the centrality of reciprocity to theories of social structure human evolution and social cognition. No existing work however tackles the question of exactly what reciprocal constructions mean cross-linguistically. Is there a single Platonic ‘reciprocal’ meaning found in all languages or is there a cluster of related concepts which are nonetheless impossible to characterize in any single way? That is the central goal of this volume and it develops and explains new techniques for tackling this question. At the same time it confronts a more general problem facing semantic typology: how to investigate a category cross-linguistically without pre-loading the definition of the phenomenon on the basis of what is found in more familiar languages.

The eleven contributions to this volume written by expert corpus linguists tackle corpora from a wide range of perspectives and aim to shed light on the numerous linguistic and pedagogical uses to which corpora can be put. They present cutting-edge research in the authors’ respective domain of expertise and suggest directions for future research. The main focus of the book is on learner corpora but it also includes reflections on the role of other types of corpora such as native corpora expert users corpora parallel corpora or corpora of New Englishes. For readers who are already familiar with corpora this volume offers an informed account of the key role that corpus data play in applied linguistics today. As for readers who are new to corpus linguistics the overview of approaches methods and domains of applications presented will undoubtedly help them develop their own taste for corpora. This volume has been edited in honour of Sylviane Granger who has been one of the pioneers of learner corpus research.

Critical Discourse Studies (CDS) is an exciting research enterprise in which scholars are concerned with the discursive reproduction of power and inequality. However researchers in CDS are increasingly recognising the need to investigate the cognitive dimensions of discourse and context if they want to fully account for any connection between language legitimisation and social action. This book presents a collection of papers in CDS concerned with various ideological discourses. Analyses are firmly rooted in linguistics and cognition constitutes a major focus of attention. The chapters which are written by prominent researchers in CDS come from a broad range of theoretical perspectives spanning pragmatics cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics. The book is essential reading for anyone working at the cutting edge of CDS and especially for those wishing to explore the central place that cognition must surely hold in the relationship between discourse and society.

Further developing the line of argument put forward in his Literature as Communication (2000) and Mediating Criticism (2001) Roger D. Sell now suggests that when so-called literary texts stand the test of time and appeal to a large and heterogeneous circle of admirers this is because they are genuinely dialogical in spirit. Their writers rather than telling other people what to do or think or feel invite them to compare notes and about topics which take on different nuances as seen from different points of view. So while such texts obviously reflect the taste and values of their widely various provenances they also channel a certain respect for the human other to whom they are addressed. So much so that they win a reciprocal respect from members of their audience. In Sell’s new book this ethical interplay becomes the focus of a post-postmodern critique which sees literary dialogicality as a possible catalyst to new non-hegemonic kinds of globalization. The argument is illustrated with major reassessments of Shakespeare Pope Wordsworth Dickens Churchill Orwell and Pinter and there are also studies of trauma literature for children and of ethically oriented criticism itself.

In the final chapter of this volume the authors refer to the “pedagogical vantage points offered by narrative inquiry” an apt comment that encapsulates the volume’s purpose and its spirit. As an increasing number of people throughout the world – and from a broad range of disciplines – are turning to narrative as a research methodology this volume is timely in its focus on the learning and teaching of this approach. The contributors to the volume all narrative scholars themselves write about the creative and challenging pedagogical activities that they use in order to enable others to learn about and do narrative research. The volume will be of particular interest to those teaching narrative research methodologies at both undergraduate and postgraduate level in the social sciences medical sciences and the humanities. The contributions from Hong Kong Israel Europe and North America all reflect critically on the rich complexities of using and teaching narrative in those contexts and attend closely to the diverse constituencies of their learning communities.

This volume addresses problems of semantics regarding the analysis of tense and aspect (TA) markers in a variety of languages including Arabic Croatian English French German Russian Thai and Turkish. Its main interest goes out to epistemic uses of such markers whereby epistemic modality is understood as indicating “a degree of compatibility between the modal world and the factual world” (Declerck). All contributions moreover tackle these problems from a more or less cognitive point of view with some of them insisting on the need to provide a unifying explanation for all usage types temporal and non-temporal and all of them accepting the premise that the semantics of TA categories essentially refers to subjective rather than objective concerns. The volume also represents one of the first attempts to gather accounts of TA marking (in various languages) that are explicitly set within the framework of Cognitive Grammar. Ultimately this volume aims to contribute to establishing an awareness that modal meaning elements are directly relevant to the analysis of the grammar of time.

The volume includes contributions on the cognitive processes underlying translation and interpreting which represent innovative research with a methodological and empirical orientation. The methodological section offers an assessment/validation of different time lag measures; discusses the challenges of interpreting keystroke and eye-tracking data in translation and triangulating disfluency analysis and eye-tracking data in sight translation research. The remainder of the volume features empirical studies on such topics as: metaphor comprehension; audience perception in subtitling research; translation and meta-linguistic awareness; effect of language-pair specific factors on interpreting quality. A special section is dedicated to expertise studies which look at the link between problem analysis and meta-knowledge in experienced translators; the effects of linguistic complexity on expert interpreting; strategic processing and tacit knowledge in professional interpreting. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume celebrates the work of Birgitta Englund Dimitrova and her contribution to the development of process-oriented research.

This volume offers a much needed typological perspective on impersonal constructions which are here viewed broadly as constructions lacking a referential subject. The contributions to this volume deal with all types of impersonality namely constructions featuring nonagentive subjects including those with experiential predicates (A-impersonals) presentational constructions with a notional subject deficient in topicality (T-impersonals) and constructions with a notional subject lacking in referential properties (R-impersonals) i.e. both meteo-constructions and man-constructions. The typological discussion benefits from a good coverage of impersonality in European languages but also includes considerations of several African American South-East Asian Australian and Oceanic languages. The variation in the cross-linguistic realization of impersonality and the diachronic pathways leading to and from impersonality documented in this volume point to a novel perspective on impersonals as transitional structures or an intermediate stage of a more basic diachronic change be it from transitive to intransitive or from active to passive or participant-to event-centered construction.

Poetry is a highly valued form of human expression and poems are challenging texts to translate. For both reasons people willingly work long and hard to translate them for little pay but potentially high personal satisfaction. This book shows how experienced poetry translators translate poems and bring them to readers and how they not only shape new poems but also help communicate images of the source culture. It uses cognitive and sociological translation-studies methods to analyse real data most of it from two contrasting source countries the Netherlands and Bosnia. Case studies including think-aloud studies analyse how translators translate poems. In interviews translators explain why and how they translate. And a 17-year survey of a country’s poetry-translation output explores how translators work within networks of other people and texts – publishing teams fellow translators source-culture enthusiasts and translation readers and critics. In mapping the whole sweep of poetry translators’ action from micro-cognitive to macro-social this book gives the first translation-studies overview of poetry translating since the 1970s.

This book brings together contributions which address a wide range of issues regarding resumption gathering evidence from a great variety of languages including Welsh Breton Irish Scottish Gaelic French Vata Hebrew Jordanian and Palestinian Arabic. The topics covered include the interpretive properties of resumptive pronouns and epithets the featural make-up of resumptive pronouns as well as the syntactic diversity of resumptive constructions and the nature of A-resumption. The introduction offers a critical survey of early syntactic accounts and recent semantic advancements. One contribution presents the results of experimental research providing a new perspective on the last resort status of resumption. Two seminal papers on resumption Doron (1982) and McCloskey (1990) have also been included. This volume which deals with a phenomenon that has given rise to intriguing claims concerning the structure and interpretation of pronouns will be of great interest to both semanticists and syntacticians whichever framework they favor.

The articles in this volume examine the notion of clausal subordination based on English Estonian Finnish French German and Japanese conversational data. Some of the articles approach ‘subordination’ in terms of social action taking into account what participants are doing with their talk considering topics such as the use of clauses as projector phrases and as devices for organizing the participant structure of the conversation. Other articles focus on the emergence of clause combinations diachronically and synchronically taking on topics such as the grammaticalization of clauses and conjunctions into discourse markers and the continuum nature of syntactic subordination. In all of the articles linguistic forms are considered to be emergent from recurrent practices engaged in by participants in conversation. The contributions critically examine central syntactic notions in interclausal relations and their relevance to the description of clause combining in conversational language to the structure of conversation and to the interactional functions of language.

This monograph studies issues of current minimalist concern such as whether differences in the expression of argument and syntactic structure can all be attributed to the parameterization of specific functional heads. In particular this book studies in-depth the extent to which variation in the expression of causation available both intra- and crosslinguistically can be accounted for by appealing only to the microparameterization of the causative head Cause as previously argued for by linguists such as Pylkkänen. It concludes that the microparameterization of Cause may explain some major characteristics associated with causatives but it cannot be regarded as the only explanation behind variation in these structures. The book includes relevant discussion on argument structure and looks in detail at languages such as the Uto-Aztecan Hiaki that have not received much attention before. It is mostly intended for an audience interested in theoretical approaches to argument structure and variation.

What if meaning were the last thing that mattered in language? In this essay Henri Meschonnic explains what it means to translate the sense of language and how to do it. In a radical stand against a hermeneutical approach based on the dualistic view of the linguistic sign and against its separation into a meaningful signified and a meaningless signifier Henri Meschonnic argues for a poetics of translating. Because texts generate meaning through their power of expression to translate ethically involves listening to the various rhythms that characterize them: prosodic consonantal or vocalic patterns syntactical structures sentence length and punctuation among other discursive means. However as the book illustrates such an endeavour goes against the grain and more precisely against a 2500-year-old tradition in the case of biblical translation. The inability of translators to give ear to rhythm in language results from a culturally transmitted deafness. Henri Meschonnic decries the generalized unwillingness to remedy this cultural condition and discusses the political implications for the subject of discourse.

This expanded second edition carries forward the initial insights into the biological and existential significances of animation by taking contemporary research findings in cognitive science and philosophy and in neuroscience into critical and constructive account. It first takes affectivity as its focal point elucidating it within both an enactive and qualitative affective-kinetic dynamic. It follows through with a thoroughgoing interdisciplinary inquiry into movement from three perspectives: mind brain and the conceptually reciprocal realities of receptivity and responsivity as set forth in phenomenology and evolutionary biology respectively. It ends with a substantive afterword on kinesthesia pointing up the incontrovertible significance of the faculty to cognition and affectivity. Series A

Language structure and use are largely shaped by cognitive processes such as categorizing framing inferencing associative (metonymic) and analogical (metaphorical) thinking and – mediated through cognition – by bodily experience emotion perception action social/communicative interaction culture and the internal ecology of the linguistic system itself. The contributors to the present volume demonstrate how these language-independent factors motivate grammar and the lexicon in a variety of languages such as English German French Italian Hungarian Russian Croatian Japanese and Korean. The volume will be of great interest to students and scholars in cognitive and functional linguistics.

It is a major challenge for linguists to explore the relations between referential choice and the discourse structure in dialogues because unlike written modes of discourse dialogue as an interactional mode of discourse needs careful treatment for linguistic analysis. This book investigates how discourse entities are linked with topic chaining and discourse coherence by showing that the choice and the distribution of referring expressions is correlated with center transition patterns in the centering framework. It provides original empirical research into the use of referring expressions in English and Japanese task-based dialogues and applies and extends theoretical frameworks which attempt to account for local and global discourse coherence. Using a discourse-based integrated approach to anaphora resolution Yoshida proposes a unified account on the patterns of use of referring expressions. The book will be of interest to discourse analysts computational linguists scholars of semantics and pragmatics and cross-linguistics researchers.

This book reconstructs the tradition of dialectic from Aristotle's Topics its founding text up to its "renaissance" in 16th century Italy and focuses on the role of dialectic in the production of knowledge. Aristotle defines dialectic as a structured exchange of questions and answers and thus links it to dialogue and disputation while Cicero develops a mildly skeptical version of dialectic identifies it with reasoning in utramque partem and connects it closely to rhetoric. These two interpretations constitute the backbone of the living tradition of dialectic and are variously developed in the Renaissance against the Medieval background. The book scrutinizes three separate contexts in which these developments occur:

Rudolph Agricola's attempt to develop a new dialectic in close connection with rhetoric Agostino Nifo's thoroughly Aristotelian approach and its use of the newly translated commentaries of Alexander of Aphrodisias and Averroes and Carlo Sigonio's literary theory of the dialogue form which is centered around Aristotle's Topics.

Today Aristotelian dialectic enjoys a new life within argumentation theory: the final chapter of the book briefly revisits these contemporary developments and draws some general epistemological conclusions linking the tradition of dialectic to a fallibilist view of knowledge.