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This book examines three controversial generalizations concerning wh-island effects in Chinese: argument and adjunct asymmetry subject and object asymmetry and D-linked and non-D-linked asymmetry. Experiments under the factorial definition of island effects reveal that: (1) both argument and adjunct wh-in-situ are sensitive to the wh-island displaying no asymmetry; (2) subject wh-in-situ manifests a larger magnitude of island effects whereas object wh-in-situ shows a smaller size due to the confounding of double name penalty exhibiting a special pattern of asymmetry; (3) D-linked and non-D-linked who-in-situ evince no asymmetry while D-linked and non-D-linked what-in-situ demonstrate a marginal asymmetry. Findings support the theory of covert wh-movement on the interpretation of Chinese wh-in-situ. The pattern of wh-island effects can be attributed to the violation of locality principles during wh-feature movement. This book is primarily tailored for researchers interested in the study of Chinese wh-questions and generative linguistics in the broad sense.

The book presents two fundamental theories that characterize the cultural-historical perspective in cognitive semantics: the Four-Level Theory of Cognitive Development (FLTCD) and the Sociocultural Theory of Lexical Complexes (STLC) as well as their application to the analysis of specific material. In particular the book analyzes the sociocultural history of the MACHINE metaphor specifically its use in the texts of René Descartes and Francis Bacon. The practical embodiment of STLC is demonstrated through the analysis of lexical complexes such as otkryvat' ‘to open’ kamen' ‘stone’ and intelligencija ‘intelligentsia.’ In the final chapter of the monograph FLTCD and STLC are used for the diachronic analysis of semantic change. The monograph will be of interest to a wide range of linguists psychologists cultural anthropologists and philosophers who consider language as a sociocultural phenomenon.

This book is about one of the most fundamental action sequences found across human societies and socio-cultural contexts: polar questions and their responses. Question–answer sequences are among the most basic building blocks for sequences of action in interaction and are ubiquitous among the languages of the world. Among different types of questions polar questions are the most common occurring with greater frequency in all studied languages. This volume presents a collection of conversation analytic studies into responses to polar questions across ten different typologically diverse languages in a range of action environments and social contexts. The studies explore different ways in which speakers can respond to polar questions and the relationships between response design the action implemented by the response and the context in which it occurs. Taken together the studies assembled in the volume present a nuanced view of polar responses as a situated social action.

This volume presents eight studies of linguistic phenomena in Nordic languages (notably Danish Norwegian and Swedish) from a construction grammar perspective. The contributions both deepen and widen the focus of construction grammar applied to Nordic languages by dealing with a variety of topics such as the constructional network pseudo-coordination additional language learning and emerging multilingualism prototypical semantics in argument structure constructions and domain-specific discourse and language behavior. The volume showcases the vibrant research activity within part of the construction grammar community dealing with Nordic languages contributing to the knowledge about the structure use and learning of these languages as well as to the field of construction grammar as a whole.

Individual Differences in Anaphora Resolution: Language and cognitive effects explores anaphora resolution from different perspectives and investigates various aspects of the phenomenon as contributions include research protocols that combine old and new experimental methodologies as well as theoretical and empirical approaches. A central theme across volume contributions are the multiple linguistic and extralinguistic factors that constrain anaphora resolution its processing and acquisition by a variety of populations (children and adults monolinguals bilinguals and second language learners) as well as the mechanisms underlying anaphora resolution. Anaphora resolution constitutes an ideal environment to test the interaction between domain-general cognitive systems and domain-specific linguistic sub-routines since variability in referential preferences is not related to binding constraints (an integral part of syntax per se) but is closely tied to processing (functional constraints) modulated by the integration of discourse-filtered information.

Recent years have seen a growing interest in grammatical variation a core explanandum of grammatical theory. The present volume explores questions that are fundamental to this line of research: First the question of whether variation can always and completely be explained by intra- or extra-linguistic predictors or whether there is a certain amount of unpredictable – or ‘free’ – grammatical variation. Second the question of what implications the (in-)existence of free variation would hold for our theoretical models and the empirical study of grammar. The volume provides the first dedicated book-length treatment of this long-standing topic. Following an introductory chapter by the editors it contains ten case studies on potentially free variation in morphology and syntax drawn from Germanic Romance Uralic and Mayan.

This e-book is made available as Open Access under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Professor Albert Costa (1972-2018) was one of the most influential scholars in the fields of psycholinguistics and bilingualism. This book provides a faithful look at the most relevant lines of research in which he worked during his academic career. Written by some of his close collaborators and friends the book presents a coherent summary of the most relevant psycholinguistic theories on language processing and bilingualism including critical reviews to current models of lexical access the representation of cognate words neurolinguistic models of bilingualism cross-linguistic effects in bimodal bilinguals (sign language) prediction processes and linguistic alignment in bilinguals the influence of foreign-language effects in social cognition and the effects of bilingualism in emotion and decision making processing. This volume is a tribute to Prof. Costa and his work and is born from a deep love and respect for his way of approaching the science of multilingualism from a psycholinguistic perspective.

Urban Panamanian English presents the first detailed account of the English used by the descendants of the Afro-Caribbean builders of the Panama Canal. It offers an up-to-date sociolinguistic account of the Panamanian West Indian community of Panama City and Colón including empirical coverage of the advanced state of language shift taking place among bilinguals. The book also showcases spoken interview data and takes stock of the variety’s grammatical features. In particular it provides an advanced quantitative study of variation in the use of verbal -s which contributes to longstanding discussions regarding the principles constraining this variable in Englishes world-wide. This work of documentation and description richly complements existing research on Panamanian Creole English and spotlights Panama as part and parcel of the English-speaking Caribbean. As such this book is of interest to all scholars and students of language contact variation and change.

The study departs from the observation that in expressing ideas some languages encode more details than others. It investigates whether languages encode events and/or objects at a coarse-grained (e.g. put glass) as opposed to a fine-grained (e.g. lay wine glass) level systematically. The level of detail is termed granularity which is viewed as a cline from fine-grained (semantic specificity) to coarse-grained meaning (semantic generality). Four languages are investigated: German English Greek and Turkish. The study draws on elicited data from a naming task. The verbalization of events is based on event and object descriptions in selected semantic domains. The results reveal significant granularity effects between languages and language types (satellite-framed vs. verb-framed). The study is relevant for scholars interested in linguistic typology lexical and semantic typology contrastive linguistics event representation psycholinguistics and cognitive semantics.

This volume brings together twelve empirical studies on ditransitive constructions in Germanic languages and their varieties past and present. Specifically the volume includes contributions on a wide variety of Germanic languages including English Dutch and German but also Danish Swedish and Norwegian as well as lesser-studied ones such as Faroese. While the first part of the volume focuses on diachronic aspects the second part showcases a variety of synchronic aspects relating to ditransitive patterns. Methodologically the volume covers both experimental and corpus-based studies. Questions addressed by the papers in the volume are among others issues like the cross-linguistic pervasiveness and cognitive reality of factors involved in the choice between different ditransitive constructions or differences and similarities in the diachronic development of ditransitives. The volume’s broad scope and comparative perspective offers comprehensive insights into well-known phenomena and furthers our understanding of variation across languages of the same family.

This e-book is made available as Open Access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

In this volume the emergence of English in Saipan is examined in the complex context of its colonial past. The focus lies on the influence of the American era on the linguistic outcomes in Saipan. Sociolinguistic interviews with indigenous Chamorros and Saipan Carolinians were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. A general overview of the English spoken in Saipan and detailed analyses of selected morphosyntactic features are presented. The English spoken by the local people presents an interesting transitional phase of English becoming a first language with unique local ‘island’ features. Results shed light on linguistic constraints globally and on social constraints in Saipan that motivate language variation and change locally. This volume contributes to the literature of language variation and change lesser-known varieties of English and the description and categorization of emerging English varieties within the canon of World Englishes.

This volume reflects the centrality of the existential construction in current linguistic research and offers studies that both consolidate and challenge established research agendas. It addresses (i) a variety of constructions related to ‘prototypical’ existentials (including the have-possessive construction) and investigates (ii) the relationships between locative existential and information structure (iii) the quantification of the pivot and (iv) the issue of negative existentials. It brings together different and complementary approaches (functional cognitive pragmatic typological comparative diachronic philosophical) based on a wide variety of data sources. The contributions illustrate how the so-called existential construction can take a variety of forms – more or less grammaticalized – and functions – ranging from the expression of literal existence to that of localization and discursive focus – in a wide range of languages. The book will be valuable for linguists researchers or students interested in the cross-linguistic manifestations of existential constructions at the interface between syntax semantics and information structure.

English Complex Words is a lively essential companion for multilingual explorations of word-formation processes both in English and across 40 other languages. It offers today’s broadest available coverage of English prefixation suffixation and compounding. Comprising a treasury of real language items this book offers students a unique chance to conduct their own research and analyses using a goldmine of carefully-selected authentic examples and corpus data. Readers will become familiar with 96 affixes and 13 compound types by working through thought-provoking morphological cases and their construction patterns. Through these challenging and hands-on activities junior researchers identify morphological nuances among multiple languages. Instructors in multilingual classrooms can find satisfying activities to address the needs of international students. This academically stimulating coursebook can serve as a core text for Word Formation and Morphology courses. As a supplemental source it may suit a range of Linguistics courses directed at both graduate and undergraduate students.

Bilingualism is a ubiquitous global phenomenon. Beyond being a language experience bilingualism also entails a social experience and it interacts with development and learning with cognitive and neural consequences across the lifespan. The authors of this volume are world renowned experts across several subdisciplines including linguistics developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. They bring to light bilingualism’s cognitive developmental and neural consequences in children young adults and older adults. This book honors Ellen Bialystok and highlights her profound impact on the field of bilingualism research as a lifelong experience. The chapters are organized into four sections: The first section explores the complexity of the bilingual experience beyond the common characterization of “speaking multiple languages.” The next section showcases Ellen Bialystok’s earlier impact on psychology and education; here the contributors answer the question “how does being bilingual shape children’s development?” The third section explores cognitive and neuroscientific theories describing how language experience modulates cognition behavior and brain structures and functions. The final section shifts the focus to the impact of bilingualism on healthy and abnormal aging and asks whether being bilingual can stave off the effects of dementia by conferring a “cognitive reserve.”

This book offers a fresh take on several long-standing issues relating to the (non-)truth-conditional interpretation of epistemic evidential hearsay and attitudinal sentence adverbials. Drawing on a wealth of data from English and German it shows for the first time that all four adverbial classes can have both truth-conditional and non-truth-conditional (parenthetical) readings. A novel account is presented according to which (non-)truth-conditional readings may arise at either the syntactic or the pragmatic level. Couched in relevance theory the book also re-examines the explicature and illocutionary status of the adverbial qualification and the qualified proposition and refines the notions of pointhood and at-issueness to provide an original information-structural analysis applicable to not just sentence adverbials but a range of other propositional qualifiers. Finally the investigation identifies five factors affecting (non-)truth-conditional interpretation: linear position prosody the semantics of the adverbial its information-structural properties and the wider context. The book will be of interest to those interested in relevance theory the semantics/pragmatics interface the syntax/pragmatics interface and information structure as well as for syntacticians semanticists and pragmatists interested in sentence adverbials other propositional qualifiers and parentheticality syntactic and interpretational.

A great majority of people around the world know more than one language. So how does knowing one language affect the learning and use of additional languages? The question of cross-language influences is the focus of this book. Do bilinguals hear understand and produce language and meaning differently because of the languages they speak? How well can theoretical and computational models of language processing and acquisition explain and predict bilingual use patterns and acquisition trajectories? What learner language and context characteristics influence bilingual comprehension and production? This book provides a state-of-the-art review and critique of research into cross-language influences in phonology lexicon and morphosyntax and suggests directions for future research. The interdisciplinary nature of the book bridges the gap between research on bilingualism and second language acquisition. The book will be of interest to graduate students teachers and researchers in linguistics and second language acquisition cognitive psychology and language education.

There is an ever-growing body of work on New Englishes and the time has come to take stock of how research on varieties of English is carried out. The contributions in this volume critically explore the gamut of familiar and unfamiliar methods applied in data collection and analysis in order to improve upon old methods and develop new methods for the study of English around the world. The authors present novel approaches to the use of the International Corpus of English critical insights into phonological analyses of New Englishes applications of linguistic dialectology in territories in which New Englishes are used improvements on attitudinal research and an array of mixed-methods approaches. The contributions in this volume also include a range of Englishes considered not only in situ but also in online and diaspora settings and thus question received understandings of what counts as New Englishes.

This book presents a 100% novel approach to phraseology: A language-universal deductive calculus of all theoretically possible phraseological expressions (= phrasemes) is proposed implemented in 51 rigorously defined notions. Nine major classes of phrasemes are established and illustrated: lexemic idioms (shoot the breeze) lexemic collocations (pay a visit; helicopter parents) lexemic nominemes (the Northern Palmyra) and lexemic clichés (What’s your name?; to put it differently); morphemic idioms (forget) morphemic collocations (Londoner ~ Muscovite) morphemic nominemes (Greenland) and morphemic clichés (antidepressant); and syntactic idioms (Her be late?!?). An additional class of pragmatically constrained lexemic expressions is described: pragmatemes (No parking; At attention!; Roger.). Each phraseme class is supplied with precise methodology for a lexicographic description; a number of lexical entries for representatives of all classes are given. The language data come from English and Russian. General Phraseology: Theory and Practice is meant as a contribution towards the elaboration of a unified notional system for linguistics.

This scholarly edition invites us to reconsider our assumptions about the French language by showcasing the oeuvre of one of the pioneers of diachronic Spoken French corpus linguistics William J. Ashby and the ground-breaking findings to come out of his influential Tours corpora (1976 & 1995) including two real-time studies appearing for the first time in English translation. To help readers visualize just how radically different the morphosyntax morphophonology and semantics of Spoken French are from French-on-the-page the editor has developed a glossing framework designed to capture the systemic radically-prefixal morphology of Spoken French and the variability of change-in-progress. The model presented here and used to gloss the examples from the Tours corpus is also suitable for corpus-tagging. The volume is organized into sections preceded by an Editor’s note and followed by suggestions for further reading and closes with an appendix of French corpora. This scholarly edition was written for advanced undergraduates graduate students and scholars in the field.

This volume examines the development of poetic literacy including the specific processes used by expert poetry readers and professional poets. In doing so it provides a much needed synthesis of research findings across diverse domains such as human development the scientific study of literature cognitive psychology neuroscience psycholinguistics and education. An important feature of the book is its exploration of the new and relatively unexplored area of research on the development of poetic writing. Both theoretical and practical the volume will be of interest to researchers as well as educators. The detailed explication of expert knowledge and the trajectory through which relative novices become relative experts should allow educators to make evidence-based decisions. Valuable guidelines for developmentally-appropriate practice in pedagogical settings are provided to better optimize learning and inspire students from preschool to graduate school and beyond.

This volume is intended as a celebration of Kristin Davidse’s work and its impact within the broad traditions of cognitive functional and usage-based grammars. Reflecting this wide functionalist lens the contributions develop ideas central to Neo-Firthian theories of grammar (in particular Semiotic Grammar and SFL) the Prague School Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) and broader cognitive-functional (e.g. Construction Grammar) and usage-based approaches (e.g. Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization theory corpus-based sociolinguistics). The range of topics addressed makes the volume particularly relevant to linguists investigating information structure construction grammar functional discourse grammar spatial deixis pronoun and case systems and/or the semantics of verbal constructions.

Clitics those “funny little words” like English contracted future tense and pluperfect tense/conditional mood markers (’ll and ’d) or French pronominal objects (le ‘him’ la ‘her’ lui ‘to him/her’ etc.) have long been a source of fascination for linguists. Lacking an inherent stress that characterizes “well-behaved” words clitics prosodically depend on a stressed sentence element called their host which makes them look and in some contexts behave like affixes (parts of words). Some clitics Serbian second-position clitics being the case in point also obey stringent linear ordering rules different from those holding for fully-fledged sentence elements. This monograph offers a comprehensive formalized description of second-position clitics in standard Serbian from the viewpoint of the Meaning-Text theory an approach relying on syntactic dependencies and oriented towards speech production which sets it apart from most contemporary frameworks. It will be of interest for general linguists Slavists and advanced learners of Serbian.

This volume provides an innovative approach to the referential process thanks to its focus on the relationship between conventions and discourse pragmatics. It brings together a cross-section of current research on referential conventions and pragmatic strategies in a number of different fields (formal and theoretical linguistics semantics discourse analysis psycholinguistics interactional linguistics natural language processing) in a variety of verbal and non-verbal languages (English German different varieties of French Indonesian Belgian sign language) and in a diversity of contexts (the coining of names language acquisition second language learning and various genres such as news articles narratives satire or game playing). The volume is meant as a series of thought-provoking studies which place speakers and addressees at the core of the referential act thus providing evidence on how they negotiate and adjust depending on the context.

This volume approaches the interaction of evidentiality with some other related categories such as modality and mirativity from an innovative angle: its connection to informational configuration. The aim of this book is to analyze the impact of shared knowledge on TAME categories as well as to explore its reflection on different verb choices. It provides an innovative theoretical view as well as a robust typological crosslinguistic perspective.

This volume brings together eleven peer-reviewed articles on Arabic linguistics. The contributions fall under three areas of linguistics: Phonology and phonetics; syntax and semantics; and language acquisition language contact and diglossia. They reflect some various perspectives and emphases. Including data from North African Levantine and Gulf varieties Standard Arabic as well as Arabic varieties spoken in diaspora these articles address issues that range from sibilant merging raising lexicalization agreement to diglossia dialect contact and language acquisition in heritage speakers. The book is valuable reading for linguists in general and for those working on descriptive and theoretical aspects of Arabic linguistics in particular.

This volume features eight peer-reviewed chapters based on papers presented at the 33rd Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics held at the University of Toronto in 2019. The chapters are divided into four sections: sociolinguistics phonetics and phonology syntax and first language acquisition. They present research on relatively well-studied Arabic varieties such as the Moroccan Jordanian and Emirati varieties as well as understudied varieties such as the Palestinian dialects of Gaza and Jaffa and the Saudi dialects of Al-Ahsa Ha’il and Faifi. The chapters address linguistic phenomena that range from language variation and change the phonemic status and feature composition of rhotics and the realization patterns of emphatic fricatives to the grammaticalization of aspectual markers the syntactic and pragmatic aspects of post-wh-questions and the acquisition trajectory of the definite article. The volume makes valuable descriptive and theoretical contributions to Arabic linguistics.

This volume investigates iconicity as to both comprehension and production of meaning in language gesture pictures art and literature. It highlights iconic processes in meaning-making and interpretation across different semiotic systems at structurally historically and pragmatically different levels of iconicity with special focus on Cognitive Semiotics. Exploring the ubiquity of iconicity in verbal visual and gestural communication these contributions discuss it from the point of view of human meaning-making examined as a phenomenon that is experienced embodied and often polysemiotic in nature.

This volume presents a snapshot of the current state of the art of research in English corpus linguistics. It contains selected papers from the 40th ICAME conference in 2019 and features contributions from experts in synchronic diachronic and contrastive linguistics as well as in sociolinguistics phonetics discourse analysis and learner language. The volume showcases the particular strengths of research in the ICAME tradition. The papers in this volume offer new insights from the reanalysis of new data types methodological refinements and advancements of quantitative analysis and from taking new perspectives on ongoing debates in their respective fields.

La importancia del estudio de la fraseología en general y de la paremiología en particular viene avalada tanto por el interés que han suscitado las unidades fraseológicas desde la Antigüedad como porque los investigadores del tema ponen de manifiesto que se trata de la piedra angular del lexicón y acervo cultural de toda lengua. En este marco esta monografía presenta un breve recorrido histórico de la paremiografía y paremiología en España y Francia; comprueba si existe un vacío cuantitativo y cualitativo en el tratamiento lexicográfico de las paremias en diccionarios sintagmáticos y generales tanto monolingües como bilingües; evidencia si son similares las características sintácticas de las paremias de las estructuras a/à y quien/qui en español y francés; determina si hay un tipo de variante paremiológica que predomine sobre las demás y establece los tipos de correspondencias paremiológicas existentes aplicables al ámbito traductológico.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The importance of studying phraseology in general and paremiology in particular is justified by the interest that phraseological units have aroused since ancient times but also by the fact that researchers on the subject have shown that PUs are the cornerstone of the lexicon and the cultural heritage of any language. In this context this monograph provides a brief historical overview of paremiography and paremiology in Spain and France; it determines whether there is a quantitative and qualitative gap in the lexicographical treatment of paremias in both monolingual and bilingual syntagmatic and general dictionaries; it determines whether the syntactic characteristics of the paremias of the structures a/à and quien/qui in Spanish and French are similar; it identifies whether there is one type of paremiological variant that is predominant over the others and it defines the types of existing paremiological equivalences applicable to the field of translation.

This volume which can be considered as a follow-up publication to Pusch & Wesch (2003) contains ten studies on verbal periphrases in a wide array of Romance languages both in a synchronic and in a historic perspective. Thus this collective volume addresses the Romance verbal periphrastic system as a whole. The aim of the contributions is twofold: on the one hand the authors intend to enrich the knowledge about the inventory of verbal periphrases of Romance languages both in descriptive and analytical terms. On the other hand the volume seeks to provide new insights for the study of the grammatical pragmatic and cognitive foundations of verbal periphrases in order to enlarge our comprehension of their genesis their evolution and their usage. Languages treated in the contributions include Catalan (European) French Friulian (European) Portuguese Romanian (European) Spanish and Catalan Sign Language (LSC).

Within cognitive and functional approaches to language structure and grammaticality analogy and contrast represent two fundamental human cognitive capacities which up to now have mostly been examined separately. This volume seeks to bridge that gap and in doing so it brings together cutting-edge theoretical and empirical research in the field. The chapters in this book examine analogy and contrast across a variety of languages (English Finnish Hungarian Polish Russian) for different language phenomena (constructions lexical semantics morphology sentence structure text organization) and with the use of various methods (corpus linguistics discourse analysis experimental methods qualitative analysis quantitative analysis). This state-of-the-art research presented in the book should be of interest to specialists within Cognitive Linguistics corpus linguistics construction grammar discourse analysis translation studies metaphor research and cross-cultural research.

This volume proposes a novel structural analysis for causative constructions offering a solution for the long-standing mono/bi-clausal dualism. Causatives are claimed to instantiate a ‘complex object’ construction insofar as the causee is not only the subject of the lexical verb but also a participant that is related to the whole event. Furthermore the analysis reveals that the realization of causatives implies a crucial interplay with the pseudo-relative construction a much-debated structure as well. Data from Scandinavian languages are highlighted through the results of an experimental test on the scope of negation and adverbs supporting the present analysis. The book offers a cross-linguistic perspective as it discusses the relevant constructions in languages including Italian English French Portuguese and Spanish.

The focus of Paradigms in Word Formation: Theory and applications is on the relevance of paradigms for linguistic description. Paradigmatic organization has traditionally been considered an inherent feature of inflectional morphology but research in the last decades clearly shows the existence of paradigms in word formation especially in affixal derivation often at the expense of other word-formation processes. This volume seeks to address the role that paradigms may play in the description of compounding conversion and participles. This volume should be of interest to anyone specialized in the field of English morphology and word formation.

This book addresses a fascinating topic – a constructed language that has turned from a project into a fully-fledged language used by some of its speakers on a daily basis. Based on extensive fieldwork this book provides rare and profound insights into the use of Esperanto in a large number of communicative areas. It studies the speakers’ use of code-switching phraseology and metaphors techniques they employ to enhance understanding such as metacommunication and repair strategies as well as their predilection for humour. The study also contributes to a comparison between the communication in Esperanto and in the language that is now predominantly used as a lingua franca – English – and allows conclusions to be drawn on the question of what a lingua franca is all about.

The contents of the volume prove the vitality of cognitive linguistic studies of figuration when combined with new research methodologies in tandem with other disciplines and also when applied to an ever broader range of topics. Individual chapters are concerned not only with some fundamental issues of defining and delimiting metaphor and metonymy with the impact of figuration on grammatical forms but are also exemplary discussions of how figurative language is processed and understood as well as studies of practical ramifications of the use of figurative language in various types of discourse (the language of media politics and healthcare communication). Most of the volume assumes a synchronic perspective but diachronic coverage of processes is not missing either. In short the volume demonstrates how rewarding it is to return to the true origins of cognitive linguistics for new inspiration and take a fresh start promising a true cornucopia of future results.

Professor Michael H. Long (1945-2021) was one of the most influential scholars in the field of second language acquisition. This volume presents a set of chapters that honour some of his key contributions in language teaching and learning. Following a bibliometric analysis of the impact of his research to the field the volume spans topics such as task-based language teaching focus on form age effects transfer feedback interaction incidental learning stabilization among many others.

Linguistic construal of time lies at the center of language and language use; it is also one of the cognitive foundations of culture. The focus of the papers in this volume is on historical developments of genetically different aspect and tense systems across continents with contributions on the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea the Arandic languages of Australia Kisikongo Bantu and Japanese. In addition two prototypical Indo-European tense-aspect systems those of Vedic and Latin are analyzed in a comparative perspective. Across language groups and continents the general principles revealed by the studies presented here contribute towards a novel and deepening understanding of tense and aspect. They contribute not only to modelling and theory but also to a better understanding of processes in individual languages.

Originally published as special issue of the Journal of Historical Linguistics 10:2 (2020).

This is the first extensive study of Old English to utilise the insights and methodologies of sociolinguistics. Building on previous philological and historical work it takes into account the sociology and social dialectology of Old English and offers a description of its speech communities informed by the theory of social networks and communities of practice. Specifically this book uses data from historical narratives and legal documents and examines the interplay of linguistic innovation variation and change with such sociolinguistic parameters as region scribal office gender and social status. Special attention is given to the processes of supralocalisation and their correlation with periods of political centralisation in the history of Anglo-Saxon England.

The idea of this book on "Neglected Aspects of Motion-Event Description" comes from the observation that over the last 30 years much attention has been devoted to the manner/path divide in relation to the distinction between Verb-Framed and Satellite-Framed languages. This mainstream focus has left aside other aspects of motion event descriptions. The chapters of this volume take an in-depth look at three less-studied aspects of motion expression. The first part of the book focuses on directional deixis especially in relation to associated motion and visual motion. The second part explores variations in Source-Goal asymmetries. The third part investigates different types of motion event constructions e.g. with various types of co-events. Many languages are taken into consideration throughout the 11 chapters which gives the volume a clear typological dimension. This book is intended for students and academics interested in motion spatial semantics typological variation and cognitive linguistics.

Variationist work in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) began in the mid 1970s and steadily progressed during the 1980s. Much of it was reviewed along with newer approaches in Bayley and Preston 1996 (B&P) heavily devoted to VARBRUL analyses that exposed the variability in developing interlanguages and placed variationist work within the canon of SLA. This new volume features three developing trends. First it widens the scope of L1s of learners (from 6 in B&P to 8) and L2 targets (2 in B&P to 7) and in each case has brought more careful demographic and variable considerations to bear including heritage languages and study abroad. Second it modernizes statistics by moving from VARBRUL to the more widely used log-odds probabilities that allow more detailed consideration of variables and their influences. Finally it deepens consideration of variable sociolinguistic meaning in learner behaviors a dominating feature of 3rd Wave variationist work.

This book offers new dating of the poems of the Old Norse Poetic Edda perhaps our best sources about the mythology and legends of the Viking Age. This study compares the anonymous Eddic poems to dated skaldic poems with respect to five phenomena that develop diachronically in early Old Norse: the expletive particle of types of negation word order types of relative clause and metrical criteria. After examining these dating features individually the three most reliable criteria—the particle of negation and relative clause type—are combined into a multifactorial analysis using a Naïve Bayes Classifier. The classifier assigns a date to each Eddic poem and these proposed dates have interesting implications for our understanding of these texts as sources for the medieval history mythology linguistics and literature of the Germanic peoples. This book will have broad interdisciplinary interest not just to historical linguists and philologists but also to scholars of Norse history literature and mythology.

Discourse particles have often been treated as a phenomenon restricted to Germanic languages (Abraham 2020) and they still raise questions about their nature as an independent category. This book reveals that this phenomenon exists in other languages as well and provides evidence for their nature as a separate category. The volume brings together a collection of nine papers that focus on three research topics: a) the diachronic development of discourse particles; b) their syntactic analysis; and c) the study of their semantic-pragmatics. Furthermore it also discusses other issues less often dealt with in the literature but of great interest for linguistic theory such as the acquisition of discourse particles by children or the analysis of elements not usually considered discourse particles but whose historical path or microvariation indicates otherwise. Additionally the book offers a cross-linguistic perspective as it discusses various languages including Basque Catalan German Italian Laz Mandarin Chinese Old English Portuguese and Spanish.

This volume investigates the linguistic expression of directed caused accompanied motion events including verbal concepts like BRING and TAKE. Contributions explore how speakers conceptualise and describe these events across areally genetically and typologically diverse languages of the Americas Austronesia and Papua. The chapters investigate such events on the basis of spoken language corpora of endangered underdescribed languages and in this way the volume showcases the importance of documentary linguistics for linguistic typology. The semantic domain of directed caused accompanied motion shows considerable crosslinguistic variation in how meaning components are conflated within single lexemes or distributed across morphemes or clauses. The volume presents a typology of common patterns and constraints in the linguistic expression of these events. The study of crosslinguistic event encoding provided in this volume contributes to our understanding of the nature extent and limits of linguistic and cognitive diversity.

This book combines explanatory breadth with analytical delicacy. It offers a comprehensive study of a broad array of traditional figures of speech by systematizing linguistic evidence of the cognitive processes underlying them. Such processes are explicitly linked to different communicative consequences thus bringing together pragmatics and cognition. This type of study has allowed the authors to provide new definitions for all the figures while making their dependency relations fully explicit. For example hypallage antonomasia anthimeria and merism are studied as variants of metonymy and analogy paragon and allegory as variants of metaphor. An important feature of the book is its special emphasis on the combinations of figures of speech into conceptually more complex configurations. Finally the book accounts for the principles that regulate the felicity of figurative expressions. The result is a broad integrative framework for the analysis of figurative language grounded in the relationship between pragmatics and cognition.

This volume brings together 19 cutting edge studies written by some of the most prominent linguists working on Chinese formal syntax as a Festschrift volume dedicated to Yen-Hui Audrey Li. The contributions to the volume address a wide range of issues currently developing in the field of Chinese syntax grouped into five thematic sections on the structure of lexical and functional projections modal verb syntax syntax-semantics interactions the syntax and interpretation of particles and the acquisition of syntactic structures. With its rich descriptive content sourced from different varieties of Chinese and its theoretical orientation and analyses the book provides an important new resource both for researchers with a primary interest in Chinese and other linguists interested in discovering how properties of Chinese can inform the analysis of other languages.

This textbook is designed for advanced (graduate and postgraduate) students and will also be of interest to scholars. It blends a cognitive linguistic approach to language and language use with insights from contemporary pragmatics the ultimate aim being to advance a unified model of cognitive pragmatics. Basic themes in cognitive linguistics and pragmatics are covered ranging from figurative language and thought e.g. conceptual metaphor and metonymy the role of inferencing in the construction of meaning in particular indirect speech acts to the conceptual and functional motivation of morphosyntactic structure. Finally the book offers many suggestions and ideas for student papers as well as larger research projects that promise to reveal new insights into conceptual structure communicative function and their influence on the grammatical structure of language.

This book is a contribution to the growing field of diachronic construction grammar. Focus is on corpus evidence for the importance of including conventionalized pragmatics within construction grammar and suggestions for how to do so. The empirical domain is the development of Discourse Structuring Markers in English such as after all also all the same by the way further and moreover (also known as Discourse Markers). The term Discourse Structuring Markers highlights their use not only to connect discourse segments but also to shape discourse coherence and understanding. Monofunctional Discourse Structuring Markers like further instead moreover are distinguished from multifunctional ones like after all and by the way. Drawing on usage-based work on constructionalization and constructional changes the book is in three parts: foundational concepts case studies and currently open issues in diachronic construction grammar. These open issues are how to incorporate the concepts subjectification and intersubjectification into a constructional account of change whether position in a clause is a construction and the nature of constructional networks and how they change.

Taking extra-vagans literally (Lat. ‘wandering outside out of bounds’) this volume comprises nine case studies on extravagant morphology ranging from pattern-extending derivational processes via theory-challenging compounding processes to interface-straddling morphosyntactic phenomena. As a heuristic approach morphological extravagance captures word-formation processes characterised by constraint violations interface phenomena as well as borderline phenomena not easily reconcilable with traditional postulates of morphological accounts. In this regard the notion of extravagance allows for an exploration of rule-bending language use both empirically and theoretically. The volume makes a valuable contribution to studies on morphological variation which has only recently seen a renewed and growing interest in morphological phenomena that challenge morphological frameworks. The volume is of interest to all researchers who seek to gain a broader understanding of the mechanisms and factors at work in morphological variation and who are interested in the reassessment of morphological theorising in light of empirical data.

This volume contains 25 articles covering a wide array of subjects reflecting the breadth of scholarship of one of today’s leading experts in the field of Frisian Studies. The articles written mostly in English and German encompass a temporal range from Old Frisian to Modern Frisian and a geographical range from West Frisian in the Netherlands to Sater and North Frisian in Germany and include Low German. Some articles initiate new fields of enquiry e.g. uncharted areas of dialectology others give comprehensive reviews of certain domains e.g. the provenance of Old Frisian law texts while a third category focusses on specific topics ranging from phonology grammar and etymology to aspects of Frisian literature and a medieval Frisian ballad.