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La Egloga II propone el caos lo diverso el error y también la posibilidad de orden. Sólo en el contexto de una especie literaria flexible y multiforme — la pastoral — y de una forma de expresión proteica — el discurso — esa vasta tarea de conciliación era posible. Discurso y pastoral constituyen el ámbito dialéctico de esa armonía discorde que la Egloga II consigue por medio de un enciclopédico esfuerzo humanístico.

This monograph deals with the ‘aboutness’ of language. First the sense in which language ‘is about’ or ‘reflects’ both reality and a mental picture of reality is turned into a cornerstone of a reflectionist or ‘Speculative Grammarian’ semantics and pragmatics. Second the ‘Speculative Grammar’ idea is made concrete in a logico-linguistic account of the way language ‘is about’ the whole of reality as well as about certain fractions of it. Third the reflectionist perspective is used for a universalist account of the way speech acts ‘are about’ their subjects topics and foci.

The author describes and explains the syntactic and pragmatic properties of the nominal and pronominal elements in sentences of the types Ces Romains ils sont fous and Ils sont fous ces Romains which in spite of their frequent occurrence have so far received little attention among linguists and grammarians. He argues that far from having the marginal status of a linguistic anomaly the cooccurrence in the same clause of coreferential nouns and pronouns is one formal manifestation of an important functional principle in modern French: the encoding of a topic-comment relationship in the surface structure of the sentence. The pronouns in sentences such as the ones mentioned are interpreted as agreement markers. The syntactic and semantic differences between topics and anti-topics are analyzed.

Pragmatics often begins by supposing that specifying and describing truth bearers is a proper task for semantics. The main thrust of the present work is to show why truth and truth bearers lie essentially beyond the descriptive reach of semantics and to outline a theory of truth bearers as a proper and fundamental task for pragmatics. It is also common for treatments or definitions of truth to be confused with substantive theories about truth bearers with a variety of unfortunate results. This monograph suggests a way of separating these tasks and shows how many problems are thus avoided. Some emphasis is placed on the generally universal — i.e. nonlanguage-specific — character of pragmatic topics and of truth. These issues occasion a discussion of semantic paradoxes and of several relativities in the notion of truth.

In addition to borrowing from various foreign sources the main origins of slang terms are the activation and revitalization of existing morphological and lexical material. Metaphorical manipulation of lexical items as the main device used for the production of slangisms shows remarkable similarities in languages otherwise quite different from each other. Slang is analyzed as a kind of substandard language variation which any full-fledged language is bound to develop because it is experimental in that it is born from insubordination and protest against the stress experienced in the speech communities of large cities and is always characterized by that element of playfulness which is the hallmark of creative language in general.

This new edition of Carl Richard Lepsius’s Standard Alphabet reproduces the text of the second enlarged edition of 1863. The extensive Introduction by J. Alan Kemp places it in its historical setting and provides comments on the phonetic basis for the Alphabet and the notation.

Cet essai prolongue l’esquisse d’analyse distributionelle que l’on trouvera dans Un grammaire en chaîne du français (Salkoff 1973). Dans ce livre ici l’auteur presente quelques aspects additionels de la grammaire et du programme associé necessaire pour analyser un texte scientifique. Le chapitre 1 donne un aperçu du fonctionnement de la conjonction dans la phrase. Déterminer quelles structures et quelles sous-classes peuvent se lier les unes aux autres pare une conjonction est assurément l’une des questions les plus difficiles à résoudre dans le detail. Le chapitre 2 contient les définitions de toutes les sous-classes des catégories principales utilisées dan le lexique. Dans le chapitre 3 l’auteur présente une description de la grammaire en chaîne en tent que language formel comme une variante context-sensitive. Le chapitre 4 présente les premiers résultats de l’application effective du programme d’analyse syntaxique.

The essays in this two-volume anthology provide the reader with an overview of current Czech Polish and Hungarian research in language literature and meaning as well as some new perspectives on the major theoretical contributions of Roman Ingarden Georg Lukács and Jan Mukařovský. For the most part the emphasis is on Poetics and Literary Theory; however in some of the essays the focus shifts to such related disciplines as Aesthetics Linguistics and Semiotics. The heterogeneity of this collection reflects the broad spectrum of interests and approaches to problems of theory being pursued at present in Poland Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Much of the work being done in these countries remains relatively unknown outside of Eastern Europe. This anthology is an attempt to rectify this situation and make better known the nature and extent of research which promises new insights into a whole range of phenomena in language literature and culture.

The studies in this volume are revised versions of a selection from the papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Historical Linguistics held at Stanford University on 26–30 March 1979. Papers at this conference and in this volume treat aspects of all current topics in historical linguistics including topics that are only recently considered relevant such as acquisition structure and language use.

Selon une dynamique évidente mais apparemment irrésistible les textes médiévaux mal connus tendent à le rester et leur obscurité à se justifier d'elle-même. La raison immédiate en est cette fois une répétition régulière d'une très vieille hypothèse jamais vérifiée sur la nature de la Chanson d'Antioche. La présente étude vise en premier lieu à briser au profit d'une littérature parfois incroyablement méconnue le cercle vicieux des écrits de seconde main; elle peut aussi à l'occasion servir l'étude du processus d'obscurcissement lui-même. Nous nous efforçons donc de répondre ici à une double question historique et critique. Comment se fait-il qu'on entend parler si peu—et si méchamment—d'un cycle épique majeur et unifié celui de la Croisade? Quelle est l'origine du topos critique qui assigne à ce Cycle un rang inférieur aux autres quelquefois en le rejetant totalement hors du genre épique? Car nous avons affaire à un topos dont il s'agit de bien mesurer l'étendue.