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This is a comparative study on the subject of interrogativity presenting broad and narrow attributes on this subject in diverse languages: Russian Mandarin Georgian Bengali Bantu Japanese West Greenlandic and Ute. Each contribution presents first the basic facts about the language in question its more recent provenience facts about numbers of speakers writing systems and related areal and sociolinguistic points. An overview of the typological hallmarks follows together with a sketch of the grammar broadly construed. Finally the grammar of interrogativity is described and the semantics and pragmatics of it are explored.

After almost two hundred years of relative obscurity mimesis finds itself again in the limelight of Western theoretical discourse. In the Anglo-American tradition mimesis or ‘imitation’ regained some prominence at the turn of the century through S.H. Butcher’s translation of and introduction to Aristotle’s Poetics and in the thirties through the work of the Chicago school also centered around Aristotle. More recently mimesis looms large in the work of Auerbach Burke and Frye. But it is only in the past decade or so with the publication in France of the work of Barthes Derrida Girard Genette and some of their collaborators that mimesis has again become an object of heated controversy on both sides of the Atlantic. The present collection is designed not only to bring fresh points of view to the current debate by drawing in other theoretical developments beside the Anglo-American and the French but also to explain why mimesis has so stubbornly haunted our civilization.

This dialogue game approach to the discourse analysis of the English interjection well aims at the formulation of rules which would be informative (marking some contexts of use as more natural than others) systematic (applicable in a mechanical or at least in a non-ad hoc way) and adequate (showing putative competitors to be either false to fact too narrow or too wide or demonstrably equivalent).

In this book a study is made of ethnic prejudice in cognition and conversation based on intensive interviewing of white majority group members. After an introductory survey of traditional and more recent approaches in social psychology to the study of prejudice a new 'sociocognitive' theory is sketched. This theory explains how cognitive representations and strategies of ethnic prejudice depend on their social functions within intergroup relations. It is also shown how ethnic prejudice is communicated in society through everyday talk among majority members. The major part of the book systematically analyzes the various dimensions of prejudiced conversations such as topical structures storytelling argumentation local semantic strategies style and rhetoric and more specific conversational properties. It is shown that such an explicit discourse analysis may reveal underlying cognitive representations and strategic uses of prejudice. Moreover it appeared that many aspects of prejudiced talk are geared towards the overall strategic goals of adequate self-expression and positive self-presentation. This book is interdisciplinary in nature and should be of interest to linguists discourse analysts cognitive and social psychologists sociologists and all those interested in ethnic stereotypes prejudice and racism.

This study is an inquiry into the pragmatics of speaker and hearer reference. It falls into a theory-based and a description-based part. The former covers three topics: (a) the categories of speaker and hearer as opposed to the category of nonparticipants in the speech act; (b) the interactional roles of speaker and hearer as defined by the illocutionary point of the speech act and the preconditions underlying its successful performance; (c) the decomposition of the speech act as a model for describing strategies in verbal interaction. The object of the descriptive part of this study is to survey the different realizations of the categories of speaker and hearer reference and the strategic effects speakers intend to bring about by employing them. For this purpose a language-specific analysis is applied to the system of speaker and hearer reference in Peninsular Spanish. For the sake of homogeneity Peninsular Spanish is also chosen as the object language for the discussion of the general language phenomena which are treated in the theoretical discussion.

Contains:

The Darwinian Theory and the Science of language (1863) by August Schleicher translated from the German by Alexander V. W. Bikkers.

On the Significance of Language for the Natural History of Man (1865) by August Schleicher translated from the German by J. Peter Maher.

On the Origin of Language (1867) by Wilhelm H. I. Bleek edited with a preface by Ernst Haeckel translated from the German by Thomas Davidson.

This is a fac simile edition of Bloomfield's An Introduction to the Study of Language (New York 1914) with an introductory article by Joseph S. Kess.

Leonard Bloomfield (1887-1949) was responsible for two classic textbooks in the field of linguistics. The earlier reproduced here shows some striking differences to his later views reflecting much of the then-current thinking on language matters. As such it represents not only an interesting commentary on the theoretical development of an extremely influential linguist but more importantly it is a telling document in the evolving history of the discipline and a rich source for the (psycho)linguist interested in how and why we got from where we were to where we are.

Sámuel Gyarmathi’s Affinitas linguae hungaricae cum linguis fennicae originis grammatice demonstrata (Göttingen 1799) was received as a distinguished work of scholarship in its own days and its historical importance has been fully recognized ever since. This volume provides an English translation of the entire Latin text including the Latin glosses of the original (with the exception of zoological and botanical terms and a few passages where specific reference is made to Latin grammar). This translation includes two additions to the text of Affinitas as reprinted in the Indiana University series: Appendix III a letter to Gyarmathi by A. L. von Schötzler and a number of notes in the author’s own hand found in his copy of the work (now held in the Library of the Lycée of Zalău). The translator’s Preface provides an introduction to the work and an overview of Gyarmathi’s life.

Ce livre présente une étude comparée des infinitives des verbes de mouvement en français et en espagnol avec l’intention d’illustrer la valeur heuristique de la pratique comparative en confrontant deux langues sur un point particulier de la syntaxe.

The papers in this volume are divided into two sections. Part 1 Quantitative Linguistics contains contributions by Marie Těšitelová; M. Ludvíková; H. Confortiová; Ludmila Uhlířová; I. Nebeská; Jan Králík; J. Krámský; L. Klimeš; J. Štěpán; Z. Lišková. Part 2 Algebraic Linguistics contains contributions by M. Novotný; L. Nebeský; Petr Sgall; Eva Hajičová; Jarmila Panevová; Petr Piťha; J. Sabol; Zdenek Kirschner; P. Jirků & Petr Sgall; Eva Buráňová & Svatava Machová; Pavel Materna.

Contains key papers by the founders of the Prague School; including Vilém Mathesius famous article “Functional Linguistics” (1929) the theses presented at the First Congress of Slavists in Prague (1929) an earlier paper by Mathesius “On the potentiality of the phenomena of language” (1911) Jan Mukařovský's “Standard language and poetic language” (1932) and other historical contributions by B. Havránek V. Skalička and B. Trnka.

This book aims to give an indication of the extent of derivational morphology in English; of how much immanent internal structure must be presumed for words -- even apparently simplex ones. This is done by showing that three (morpho-)phonological processes which tend to hide surface sound-meaning relationships must be taken into account when constructing a synchronic grammar of Modern English: ablaut obstruent shift and vowel shift.

Recently there has been increased appreciation of the fact that August Friedrich Pott (1802–1887) possessed valuable insights and articulated uncommon positions in Indo-European comparative linguistics general linguistics and linguistic ethnology. This introduction and accompanying bibliography and catalogue aim to provide additional access routes to Pott’s career by chronicling his life works and library collection.

The Glasgow ‘toonheid vernacular’ is certainly the most vital and widespread – if least prestigious – form of present-day Scots. No comprehensive description has existed so far Macauley’s sociolinguistic research having barely scratched the surface. Caroline Macafee’s long introduction to the emergence and present distribution of the variety is not only a memorable feat in itself it is also closely related to the 73 texts which include a substantial portion of natural speech and an impressive array of naturalistic and stereotyped language as used in poetry drama and literary prose.

The period of 1965 to 1978 was an extremely productive time for U.S. (Russian born) Romance etymologist and philologist Yakov Malkiel whose specialty was the development of Latin words roots prefixes and suffixes in modern Romance languages particularly Spanish. Malkiel will be known as the great champion of etymology in linguistics as evidenced by several of the selected essays in From Particular to General Lingusitics. But here Malkiel also moves in several other subfields of linguistics and proves that whatever the subject of discussion is it is characterized by a tenaciously comprehensive use of evidence.

The articles of this collection on Latin linguistics are representative of the kind of research that is currently carried out in the field of linguistics. Most deal with syntax or sentence structure but they vary with respect to their emphasis on theory or description. They also vary with respect to the grammatical framework with which they are formulated with some preponderance of transformational generative approaches. All papers are well-informed about the major developments in contemporary linguistics and make extensive use of recent methods and types of argumentation. In the introduction the volume editor briefly reviews the present state of Latin linguistics starting with a section on the question whether it is possible to conduct up-to-date linguistic research for Latin at all. To be followed by a brief sketch of the impact of recent linguistic theories on Latin linguistics in general and in a final third section an outline is presented of the possible interest the contributions to this volume may have for linguists working on languages other than Latin

This study examines specific implications of the considerable overlap in methodology and theory of 19th-century geology and philology. Recognition of this overlap is indispensable to a complete understanding of philology’s development into the more empirical science of linguistics especially as this empiricism culminates in the neogrammarian doctrine of exceptionless sound laws.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The study consists of three major parts: I Uniformitarianism in the Palaetiological Sciences [i.e. geology and other natural sciences studying life in earlier periods of the earth]; II The Rise of Uniformitarianism in Linguistics; and III The Uniformitarian Basis of Neogrammarian Linguistics.

The functional notion of “topic” or “topicality” has suffered traditionally from two distinct drawbacks. First it has remained largely ill defined or intuitively defined. And second quite often its definition boiled down to structure-dependent circularity. This volume represents a major departure from past practices without rejecting both their intuitive appeal and the many good results yielded by them. First “topic” and “topicality” are re-analyzed as a scalar property rather than as an either/or discrete prime. Second the graded property of “topicality” is firmly connected with sensible cognitive notions culled from gestalt psychology such as “predictability” or “continuity”. Third we develop and utilize precise measures and quantified methods by which the property of “topicality” of clausal arguments can be studied in connected discourse and thus be properly hinged in its rightful context that of topic identification maintenance and recoverability in discourse. Fourth we show that many grammatical phenomena which used to be studied by linguists in isolation all partake in one functional domain of grammar that of topic identification. Finally we demonstrate the validity of this new approach to the study of “topic” and “topicality” by applying the same text-based quantifying method to a number of typologically-diverse languages in studying actual texts. Languages studied here are: Written and spoken English spoken Spanish Biblical Hebrew Amharic Hausa Japanese Chamorro and Ute.

Scholars and students working on the early courtly and chivalric literature of medieval Europe will have often felt the need for contemporary theoretical material with which to illustrate their arguments about courtesy and chivalry in romances etc. The present volume which presents critical editions of the two earliest didactic poems of this kind in the vernacular (both date from the first quarter of the thirteenth century) was conceived partly to fill this need. This book will be of interest not only to specialists in Old French literature but also to those studying other literatures; both texts are known to have circulated in England in the fourteenth century and are therefore of importance for anglicists; L’Ordene de Chevalerie was adapted into Middle Dutch and Italian several times and provides excellent material for comparatists netherlandists and italianists; moreover given the germinal place of Old French literature in the culture of the Middle Ages both poems are worthy of study in the context of the evolution of the ideals of courtesy and chivalry as European literary phenomenon.

Each critical text is accompanied by an extensive literary introduction and philological apparatus and translations into modern English prose have been appended to render the poems more accessible to non-romanists.

Canonical switch-reference is an inflectional category of the verb which indicates whether or not its subject is identical with the subject of some other verb. Switch-reference may be analyzed from a structural or a functional point of view. Functionally switch-reference is a device for referential tracking. Formally switch-reference is almost always a verbal category similar to the familiar category of verbal concord. In most languages switch-reference marking is indicated by a verbal affix however in some languages it may be marked by an independent morpheme. The contributions to this volume are concerned with questions of form function and genesis of canonical switch-reference systems.

The goal of this monograph is a comprehensive analysis of understatements and other forms of non-direct speech (hedges) in modern English. It is based on a multi-level approach including philosophical cultural and socio-psychological arguments. The main part consists of an investigation of the linguistic restrictions for understatements and hedges to be formed by means of the following grammatical categories: negation of predicates gradation of predicates modalization of affirmative sentences by means of parenthetical verbs modal adverbs modal verbs and questions.

Non-declarative sentences such as interrogatives imperatives and exclamations are analyzed together as a single class. The author gives a general characterization of all three types and shows that there are no other types of non-declarative sentences. Definitions are offered for the notions of declaration and presupposition. These definitions are applicable to all types of sentence both declarative and non-declarative. A defining characteristic of non-declarative sentences is that only strongly intensional operators can apply to them to form complex sentences. It is shown that this property of non-declaratives implies that such sentences do not have declarations. A particular case of the relation between questions and conditionals is studied in more detail.

Looking at the ‘semiotic landscape’ – the panorama of constituted semiotics – two traditions seem to have developed separately and without interpenetration. Anglo-Saxon semioticians consider the Peircean framework to provide the adequate conceptual apparatus whereas so-called ‘Continental’ semioticians refer to the sign theory in Saussure and in its interpretation by Hjelmslev (for instance the École sémiotique de Paris). Evaluating each other’s projects methods and results could lead to a balanced view. The purpose of this monograph is to get the best out of the adequate insights from both sides and to make suggestions how the semioticians from the Peircean or Saussuro-Hjelmslevian school can be removed from their isolationist positions. A comparison and homologation of these two orientations will be carried out from the angle of the impact of pragmaticism on both semiotic orientations. How intentionality action conventionality interlocution are integrated in both orientations will be given particular emphasis.

According to the traditional view meaning presents itself under the form of some kind of identity. To give the meaning of a sentence amounts to being capable of producing some substitute based on the identity of the terms of the sentence. Is then the meaning of a book or of any text the capacity of rewriting it? Instead of retaining a double-standard theory of meaning one for sentences and another for texts that would allow for an ad hoc gap the author provides a unified conception called the question view of language he has developed known as problematology. He pursues a systematic analysis of questioning in literature and shows how questioning makes the understanding process possible.

The themes chosen for study in this volume are deeply embedded within the respective structures of phenomenology and pragmatism though often implicitly so. Each of the six chapters begins with the phenomenological perspective and then proceeds to the pragmatic focus. The intent of each chapter is both to provide increased clarity in understanding each of the two positions and to reveal the basic philosophic rapport between them. Such a recognized rapport in turn adds to the insightful understanding of each position at times opening up new possibilities for the expansion or deepening of a particular position. For once the fundamental rapport is uncovered the two different approaches can be found to cast mutually revealing lights on seemingly diverse but ultimately unifying interests. The phenomenological philosophy of this study thematically focuses primarily on the existential phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger. The pragmatic framework incorporates the philosophies of the five major classical American pragmatists: Charles S. Peirce William James John Dewey G.H. Mead and C.I. Lewis.

This volume presents seven extensive essays by specialists in their respective fields of historical linguistics. The first essay after the Introduction states the principles presented in Directions for Historical Linguistics (1968) and assesses the progress made since then towards constructing a general theory of language change. Like the following essays on phonology and morphology it poses new questions that have arisen in the increasingly ambitious research. Historical attention to discourse the topic of the next essay is virtually new though it too finds predecessors among philologists who devoted themselves to texts. Finally two essays treat etymology one concentrating on the rigorously investigated Romance field the other on Indo-European especially on new insights prompted by attention to Hittite.

Ce volume fait partie d'une série de quatre volumes consacrés aux phénomènes littéraires de la période s'étendant des Lumières à l'avènement des mouvements romantiques. Les volumes suivants traiteront de la prose et du théâtre. Sont présentés ici les genres en vers compte tenu en particulier des changements majeurs qui ont préparé la renaissance et l'épanouissement de la poésie lyrique dans le romantisme européen. En quelques grands chapitres synthétiques la première partie brosse un tableau des phénomènes marquant l'ensemble de la littérature européenne tandis que la seconde passe en revue les genres en vers dans différentes zones géographiques ou aires linguistiques. L'évolution littéraire qui s'opéra à l'époque tant dans les Amériques qu'en Europe est analysée dans ce volume sous l'aspect du développement des formes versifiées avec un luxe de détails inédits et sous des angles particulièrement originaux.

This volume is an enhanced version of the English translation from the French original edition 'Principes d'analyse syntaxique' (Québec 1973). It provides a survey of theoretical approaches to syntax including traditional grammars structuralism functionalism and formal approaches.

The book sketches a systematics of non-verbal communication. It contains the following separate chapters: movement potential and expression repertoire; clinical literature on the eye’s movement potential; eye movement viewed from the perspective of communicative action; eye communication as part of non-verbal communication; detailed analysis of deliberate avoiding the addressee’s eye focus.

The papers in this volume celebrate the work of Angus McIntosh who specialized in dialects of Later Middle English and wrote on other topics in English linguistics as well. Of the papers in this volume most deal with English and a few with other subjects in (historical) dialectology.

This volume presents the main tenets of Sanctius’ linguistic theory and explores the questions raised by Robin Lakoff in her 1969 review of the Grammaire générale et raisonnée (Port Royal). Part I surveys earlier developments in the study of language in particular the Graeco-Roman and Medieval traditions the Renaissance period and Judaeo-Arabic scholarship. Part II contains a synopsis in English of Sanctius’ Minerva placing special emphasis on theoretical passages and illustrative data. Part III is devoted to Sanctius’ linguistic doctrine: (1) his philosophical approach to language analysis (2) his notion of logical structure and rule (3) his classification of the parts of speech and (4) his basic semantic postulates.

This monograph fills a gap in our understanding of a so-called free word order language. Thus far many observations have been made on Latin word order particularly within the noun phrase. Yet a more systematic investigation with respect to the order of the sentence consituents was still lacking that is till the arrival of the current monograph The Communicative Perspective in the Sentence: A Study of Latin Word Order. This excellent research monograph on the order of the sentence consituents in a particular typologically ambivalent language will be welcomed by both Latinists and general linguists.

This volume on the Cameroonian English contains two main sections. The first section is devoted to the history of language contact in Cameroon (contact with Islam and contact with Europeans); the development of English in Cameroon; the teaching of English in Cameroon in various stages of its history; and on idiosyncratic aspects of this variety of English. The second section is the text part of the volume consisting of sixteen printed texts (mostly modern but also five extracts of historical significance) eleven written texts (essays on pedagogical subjects personal letters a folk history an academic paper and literary extracts) and 13 oral texts (interviews radio). These texts have been selected because of their linguistic interest and because of the information they provide on Cameroonian life and culture.

It has always been thought difficult if not impossible to define what the philosophy of Carlyle was. Ever since the publication of Sartor Resartus in 1833-1834 the view that Carlyle had a theistic conception of the universe has been defended as well as opposed. At a time therefore when Carlyle’s work as a whole is being reappraised his philosophy should first and foremost be dealt with. Carlyle’s life-philosophy is based on the inner experience of a process of ‘conversion’ which set in with an incident that occurred to him at Leith Walk Edinburgh. This study – which settles the old question of the date of the incident – demonstrates that the inner struggle the dynamics of which are described most fully in Sartor is analogous to the Jungian process of individuation. For the first time in critical literature the basic ideas of Carlyle’s philosophy are thus linked to depth psychology and shown to be analogous to the fundamental concepts of Analytical Psychology.

In recent criticism it has been asserted that the crisis recorded in Sartor is akin to the crisis of doubt said to underlie Jean Paul’s “Rede des todten Christus” (1796) which is probably the first poetic expression of nihilism in European literature and has become a classic. Apart from demonstrating that in the last fifty years at least the “Rede” has erroneously been interpreted as a dream of annihilation this book invalidates the view of Jean Paul as victim of the skepticism of his age and argues that contrary to what is usually maintained the “Rede” is not the document of a crisis but of a belief which had become antiquated and obsolete for Carlyle.

The study of complementation has received considerable attention in generative studies. Following Rosenbaum's (1967) pioneering study of the English complement system there are extensive studies by Lakoff (1965) Ross (1967) Perlmutter (1971) and a large number of publications. More recent detailed studies are Emonds (1970) and Bresnan (1972) . These studies have increased enormously the body of factual knowledge about the complement system of English and about the phenomenon of complementation in general. As a consequence there are a number of empirical hypotheses about the structure of human languages which must now be tested against facts of different languages. Of these hypotheses perhaps the most interesting is that the grammars of all languages make use of the principle of the transformational cycle. Testing this hypothesis constitutes one of the main concerns of the present book. Furthermore these studies have also raised numerous interesting empirical issues of great importance for linguistic theory most of which are still awaiting fresh evidence from different languages in order to be settled. This study is directed towards resolving some of these issues by adducing relevent data primarily from Portuguese.

This is the second of two volumes – the first volume being Waltraud Brennenstuhl’s Control and Ability (P&B III:4) – treating biocybernetical questions of language. This book starts out from an investigation of the (neuro-)biological relevancy of natural language from the point of view of grammar and the lexicon. Furthermore the basic mechanisms of the self-organization of organisms in their environments are discussed in so far as they lead to linguistic control and abilities.

The four papers presented in this volume are corpus-based investigations into the meaning of the verbs speak talk say and tell. More specifically they want to explore how the scene of linguistic action has been put into perspective by these four high-frequency verbs.

Deixis – the rooting of utterances in the speech situation – is one of the most salient universals of natural language. The ways in which different languages link utterances to pragmatic factors such as speech time speech place and speech participants show a rich variation. This makes deixis a particular fruitful domain for the study of universals language comparison and the relationship between language and reality. This volume presents and discusses deictic systems of both Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages including Russian Czech Spanish German (standard and dialect) Hungarian Chinese Japanese Hausa Swahili Hopi Eipo Tolai Diyari. Focus is on spatial deixis but other deictic and demonstrative expressions are treated as well.

René Thom the famous French mathematician and founder of catastrophe theory considered linguistics an exemplary field for the application of his general morphology. It is surprising that physicists chemists biologists psychologists and sociologists are all engaged in the field of catastrophe theory but that there has been almost no echo from linguistics. Meanwhile linguistics has evolved in the direction of René Thom’s intuitions about an integrated science of language and it has become a necessary task to review update and elaborate the proposals made by Thom and to embed them in the framework of modern semantic theory.

This handbook makes available short grammatical sketches of Australian languages. Each grammar is written in a standard format following guidelines provided by the editors and includes a sample text and vocabulary text. The contributions to this volume are salvage studies giving all the information that is available on four languages which are on the point of extinction and an assessment of what linguistic impressions can be inferred from the scant material that is available on the extinct languages of Tasmania.

In this study the works of Wilhelm Raabe (1831–1910) are being discussed taking into account the emerge of the perspectival narration culminating in the Braunschweig period (1870–1920). The book starts with a survey of the point of view theory including the concept of multiple perspective and then focusses on the works of Raabe in which these various techniques will be demonstrated. Special attention is paid to three works of the Braunschweig period; Der Dräumling Das Horn von Wanza and Kloster Lugau.

The papers in this volume are divided into two sections. Part 1 Quantitative Linguistics contains contributions by Marie Těšitelová; Jiří Kraus; Ján Horecký & E. Nemcová; J. Sabol; Z. Lišková; V. Smetáček & M. Königová; J. Štěpán; L. Klimeš; P. Vašák. Part 2 Algebraic Linguistics contains contributions by M. Novotný; L. Nebeský; Petr Sgall; Eva Hajičová; Petr Pitha; J. Weisheitelová; Jarmila Panevová A. Goralčíková & Eva Hajičová.

Unlike studies which confine psychologism to the second half of the nineteenth century and to an explicit claim of psychology as a ‘Grundwissenschaft’ during that period this work attempts to trace psychologism's emergence in Greek antiquity in hedonistic tendencies of the Renaissance and in British Empiricism. Thus psychologism figures as a generic concept embracing a variety of both positivistic and idealistic arguments concerning the localization of normative sciences particularly aesthetics and literary theory in psychological space. This study also considers the implicit psychologism of even those psychoaesthetic theories which claimed to be against the exclusive status of psychology. In their actual treatment of aesthetic and literary facts such theories inadvertently did indeed resort to psychologistic arguments. The position from which I have chosen to look at psychologistically committed aesthetics and literary theory is essentially phenomenological. The author seeks to present psychologism as a central tendency of psychoaesthetics as well as to assert critically psychologism's basic assumptions.

The aim of the present bibliography is to provide a single and reasonably comprehensive list of books and articles which deal with problems related to prepositions in natural languages. If most of publications listed consider syntax or semantics they also take into account morphological stylistic psycholinguistic or historical aspects.

By focusing on the “East European” dialogues and polemics both contemporary and past the present volume pursues two aims: 1) It would like to locate the discussion between semiotics and dialectics in an historical context. 2) It would like to make the reader familiar with the solutions proposed by theoreticians like Bakhtin Lotman Voloshinov Fischer and Mukařovský solutions which in the past were frequently ignored by European Marxists semioticians and sociologists of literature. At present one cannot help feeling that if they had been familiar with the works of these authors Marxism Critical Theory semiotics and the sociology of literature (of the text) would have evolved differently.

Die vorliegende Arbeit sollte beitragen an ein besseres Verständnis der romantischen Literatur im zeitgenössischen Kontext. Es wird untersucht wie die die Klassik und die Romantik sich mit einander verhalten haben anhand von Einzelanalysen. Auf tradiotionelle Grenzen wie Früh- Hoch- oder Spätromantik wird verzichtet sowie auch auf die Idee daß in romantische Werke nur aesthetische Tendezen zum Ausdruck kamen; sondern daß auch politisch operative und sozialpolitische funktionale Tendenzen wichtig waren.

Le manuscrit 26092 de la célèbre collection de Cheltenham comprend les ouvrages suivants dont les quatre premiers sont en vers et le cinquième en prose: 1) Hernaut de Beaulande 2) Renier de Gennes 3) Girart de Vienne 4) Galien 5) La Chronique de Saint-Denis. Une édition critique du quatrième élément est offerte dans le présent volume.

This volume provides an analysis of a famous medieval Arabic grammatical text al-Ājurrūmiya (c. 1300) as commented on by aš-Šhirbīnī (d. 1570). This edition includes the original text and a translation into English as well as extensive comments and annotations with the aim of making accessible both to Arabists and non-Arabists the main elements of indigenous Arabic linguistics and thereby at least partially filling a large blank in the history of linguistics.

This impressive volume attempts to make an assessment of past achievements but also to open up new perspectives in the field of pragmatics exactly ten years after the publication of Searle’s seminal Speech Acts. This rich collection presents an unrivaled diversity of topics and approaches united by the possibilities and limitations generic to the field of pragmatics.