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This volume brings together eleven peer-reviewed articles on Arabic linguistics. The contributions fall under three areas of linguistics: Phonology and phonetics; syntax and semantics; and language acquisition language contact and diglossia. They reflect some various perspectives and emphases. Including data from North African Levantine and Gulf varieties Standard Arabic as well as Arabic varieties spoken in diaspora these articles address issues that range from sibilant merging raising lexicalization agreement to diglossia dialect contact and language acquisition in heritage speakers. The book is valuable reading for linguists in general and for those working on descriptive and theoretical aspects of Arabic linguistics in particular.

This volume features eight peer-reviewed chapters based on papers presented at the 33rd Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics held at the University of Toronto in 2019. The chapters are divided into four sections: sociolinguistics phonetics and phonology syntax and first language acquisition. They present research on relatively well-studied Arabic varieties such as the Moroccan Jordanian and Emirati varieties as well as understudied varieties such as the Palestinian dialects of Gaza and Jaffa and the Saudi dialects of Al-Ahsa Ha’il and Faifi. The chapters address linguistic phenomena that range from language variation and change the phonemic status and feature composition of rhotics and the realization patterns of emphatic fricatives to the grammaticalization of aspectual markers the syntactic and pragmatic aspects of post-wh-questions and the acquisition trajectory of the definite article. The volume makes valuable descriptive and theoretical contributions to Arabic linguistics.

This volume investigates iconicity as to both comprehension and production of meaning in language gesture pictures art and literature. It highlights iconic processes in meaning-making and interpretation across different semiotic systems at structurally historically and pragmatically different levels of iconicity with special focus on Cognitive Semiotics. Exploring the ubiquity of iconicity in verbal visual and gestural communication these contributions discuss it from the point of view of human meaning-making examined as a phenomenon that is experienced embodied and often polysemiotic in nature.

This volume presents a snapshot of the current state of the art of research in English corpus linguistics. It contains selected papers from the 40th ICAME conference in 2019 and features contributions from experts in synchronic diachronic and contrastive linguistics as well as in sociolinguistics phonetics discourse analysis and learner language. The volume showcases the particular strengths of research in the ICAME tradition. The papers in this volume offer new insights from the reanalysis of new data types methodological refinements and advancements of quantitative analysis and from taking new perspectives on ongoing debates in their respective fields.

La importancia del estudio de la fraseología en general y de la paremiología en particular viene avalada tanto por el interés que han suscitado las unidades fraseológicas desde la Antigüedad como porque los investigadores del tema ponen de manifiesto que se trata de la piedra angular del lexicón y acervo cultural de toda lengua. En este marco esta monografía presenta un breve recorrido histórico de la paremiografía y paremiología en España y Francia; comprueba si existe un vacío cuantitativo y cualitativo en el tratamiento lexicográfico de las paremias en diccionarios sintagmáticos y generales tanto monolingües como bilingües; evidencia si son similares las características sintácticas de las paremias de las estructuras a/à y quien/qui en español y francés; determina si hay un tipo de variante paremiológica que predomine sobre las demás y establece los tipos de correspondencias paremiológicas existentes aplicables al ámbito traductológico.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The importance of studying phraseology in general and paremiology in particular is justified by the interest that phraseological units have aroused since ancient times but also by the fact that researchers on the subject have shown that PUs are the cornerstone of the lexicon and the cultural heritage of any language. In this context this monograph provides a brief historical overview of paremiography and paremiology in Spain and France; it determines whether there is a quantitative and qualitative gap in the lexicographical treatment of paremias in both monolingual and bilingual syntagmatic and general dictionaries; it determines whether the syntactic characteristics of the paremias of the structures a/à and quien/qui in Spanish and French are similar; it identifies whether there is one type of paremiological variant that is predominant over the others and it defines the types of existing paremiological equivalences applicable to the field of translation.

This volume which can be considered as a follow-up publication to Pusch & Wesch (2003) contains ten studies on verbal periphrases in a wide array of Romance languages both in a synchronic and in a historic perspective. Thus this collective volume addresses the Romance verbal periphrastic system as a whole. The aim of the contributions is twofold: on the one hand the authors intend to enrich the knowledge about the inventory of verbal periphrases of Romance languages both in descriptive and analytical terms. On the other hand the volume seeks to provide new insights for the study of the grammatical pragmatic and cognitive foundations of verbal periphrases in order to enlarge our comprehension of their genesis their evolution and their usage. Languages treated in the contributions include Catalan (European) French Friulian (European) Portuguese Romanian (European) Spanish and Catalan Sign Language (LSC).

Within cognitive and functional approaches to language structure and grammaticality analogy and contrast represent two fundamental human cognitive capacities which up to now have mostly been examined separately. This volume seeks to bridge that gap and in doing so it brings together cutting-edge theoretical and empirical research in the field. The chapters in this book examine analogy and contrast across a variety of languages (English Finnish Hungarian Polish Russian) for different language phenomena (constructions lexical semantics morphology sentence structure text organization) and with the use of various methods (corpus linguistics discourse analysis experimental methods qualitative analysis quantitative analysis). This state-of-the-art research presented in the book should be of interest to specialists within Cognitive Linguistics corpus linguistics construction grammar discourse analysis translation studies metaphor research and cross-cultural research.

This volume proposes a novel structural analysis for causative constructions offering a solution for the long-standing mono/bi-clausal dualism. Causatives are claimed to instantiate a ‘complex object’ construction insofar as the causee is not only the subject of the lexical verb but also a participant that is related to the whole event. Furthermore the analysis reveals that the realization of causatives implies a crucial interplay with the pseudo-relative construction a much-debated structure as well. Data from Scandinavian languages are highlighted through the results of an experimental test on the scope of negation and adverbs supporting the present analysis. The book offers a cross-linguistic perspective as it discusses the relevant constructions in languages including Italian English French Portuguese and Spanish.

The focus of Paradigms in Word Formation: Theory and applications is on the relevance of paradigms for linguistic description. Paradigmatic organization has traditionally been considered an inherent feature of inflectional morphology but research in the last decades clearly shows the existence of paradigms in word formation especially in affixal derivation often at the expense of other word-formation processes. This volume seeks to address the role that paradigms may play in the description of compounding conversion and participles. This volume should be of interest to anyone specialized in the field of English morphology and word formation.

This book addresses a fascinating topic – a constructed language that has turned from a project into a fully-fledged language used by some of its speakers on a daily basis. Based on extensive fieldwork this book provides rare and profound insights into the use of Esperanto in a large number of communicative areas. It studies the speakers’ use of code-switching phraseology and metaphors techniques they employ to enhance understanding such as metacommunication and repair strategies as well as their predilection for humour. The study also contributes to a comparison between the communication in Esperanto and in the language that is now predominantly used as a lingua franca – English – and allows conclusions to be drawn on the question of what a lingua franca is all about.

The contents of the volume prove the vitality of cognitive linguistic studies of figuration when combined with new research methodologies in tandem with other disciplines and also when applied to an ever broader range of topics. Individual chapters are concerned not only with some fundamental issues of defining and delimiting metaphor and metonymy with the impact of figuration on grammatical forms but are also exemplary discussions of how figurative language is processed and understood as well as studies of practical ramifications of the use of figurative language in various types of discourse (the language of media politics and healthcare communication). Most of the volume assumes a synchronic perspective but diachronic coverage of processes is not missing either. In short the volume demonstrates how rewarding it is to return to the true origins of cognitive linguistics for new inspiration and take a fresh start promising a true cornucopia of future results.

Professor Michael H. Long (1945-2021) was one of the most influential scholars in the field of second language acquisition. This volume presents a set of chapters that honour some of his key contributions in language teaching and learning. Following a bibliometric analysis of the impact of his research to the field the volume spans topics such as task-based language teaching focus on form age effects transfer feedback interaction incidental learning stabilization among many others.

Linguistic construal of time lies at the center of language and language use; it is also one of the cognitive foundations of culture. The focus of the papers in this volume is on historical developments of genetically different aspect and tense systems across continents with contributions on the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea the Arandic languages of Australia Kisikongo Bantu and Japanese. In addition two prototypical Indo-European tense-aspect systems those of Vedic and Latin are analyzed in a comparative perspective. Across language groups and continents the general principles revealed by the studies presented here contribute towards a novel and deepening understanding of tense and aspect. They contribute not only to modelling and theory but also to a better understanding of processes in individual languages.

Originally published as special issue of the Journal of Historical Linguistics 10:2 (2020).

This is the first extensive study of Old English to utilise the insights and methodologies of sociolinguistics. Building on previous philological and historical work it takes into account the sociology and social dialectology of Old English and offers a description of its speech communities informed by the theory of social networks and communities of practice. Specifically this book uses data from historical narratives and legal documents and examines the interplay of linguistic innovation variation and change with such sociolinguistic parameters as region scribal office gender and social status. Special attention is given to the processes of supralocalisation and their correlation with periods of political centralisation in the history of Anglo-Saxon England.

The idea of this book on "Neglected Aspects of Motion-Event Description" comes from the observation that over the last 30 years much attention has been devoted to the manner/path divide in relation to the distinction between Verb-Framed and Satellite-Framed languages. This mainstream focus has left aside other aspects of motion event descriptions. The chapters of this volume take an in-depth look at three less-studied aspects of motion expression. The first part of the book focuses on directional deixis especially in relation to associated motion and visual motion. The second part explores variations in Source-Goal asymmetries. The third part investigates different types of motion event constructions e.g. with various types of co-events. Many languages are taken into consideration throughout the 11 chapters which gives the volume a clear typological dimension. This book is intended for students and academics interested in motion spatial semantics typological variation and cognitive linguistics.

Variationist work in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) began in the mid 1970s and steadily progressed during the 1980s. Much of it was reviewed along with newer approaches in Bayley and Preston 1996 (B&P) heavily devoted to VARBRUL analyses that exposed the variability in developing interlanguages and placed variationist work within the canon of SLA. This new volume features three developing trends. First it widens the scope of L1s of learners (from 6 in B&P to 8) and L2 targets (2 in B&P to 7) and in each case has brought more careful demographic and variable considerations to bear including heritage languages and study abroad. Second it modernizes statistics by moving from VARBRUL to the more widely used log-odds probabilities that allow more detailed consideration of variables and their influences. Finally it deepens consideration of variable sociolinguistic meaning in learner behaviors a dominating feature of 3rd Wave variationist work.

This book offers new dating of the poems of the Old Norse Poetic Edda perhaps our best sources about the mythology and legends of the Viking Age. This study compares the anonymous Eddic poems to dated skaldic poems with respect to five phenomena that develop diachronically in early Old Norse: the expletive particle of types of negation word order types of relative clause and metrical criteria. After examining these dating features individually the three most reliable criteria—the particle of negation and relative clause type—are combined into a multifactorial analysis using a Naïve Bayes Classifier. The classifier assigns a date to each Eddic poem and these proposed dates have interesting implications for our understanding of these texts as sources for the medieval history mythology linguistics and literature of the Germanic peoples. This book will have broad interdisciplinary interest not just to historical linguists and philologists but also to scholars of Norse history literature and mythology.

Discourse particles have often been treated as a phenomenon restricted to Germanic languages (Abraham 2020) and they still raise questions about their nature as an independent category. This book reveals that this phenomenon exists in other languages as well and provides evidence for their nature as a separate category. The volume brings together a collection of nine papers that focus on three research topics: a) the diachronic development of discourse particles; b) their syntactic analysis; and c) the study of their semantic-pragmatics. Furthermore it also discusses other issues less often dealt with in the literature but of great interest for linguistic theory such as the acquisition of discourse particles by children or the analysis of elements not usually considered discourse particles but whose historical path or microvariation indicates otherwise. Additionally the book offers a cross-linguistic perspective as it discusses various languages including Basque Catalan German Italian Laz Mandarin Chinese Old English Portuguese and Spanish.

This volume investigates the linguistic expression of directed caused accompanied motion events including verbal concepts like BRING and TAKE. Contributions explore how speakers conceptualise and describe these events across areally genetically and typologically diverse languages of the Americas Austronesia and Papua. The chapters investigate such events on the basis of spoken language corpora of endangered underdescribed languages and in this way the volume showcases the importance of documentary linguistics for linguistic typology. The semantic domain of directed caused accompanied motion shows considerable crosslinguistic variation in how meaning components are conflated within single lexemes or distributed across morphemes or clauses. The volume presents a typology of common patterns and constraints in the linguistic expression of these events. The study of crosslinguistic event encoding provided in this volume contributes to our understanding of the nature extent and limits of linguistic and cognitive diversity.

This book combines explanatory breadth with analytical delicacy. It offers a comprehensive study of a broad array of traditional figures of speech by systematizing linguistic evidence of the cognitive processes underlying them. Such processes are explicitly linked to different communicative consequences thus bringing together pragmatics and cognition. This type of study has allowed the authors to provide new definitions for all the figures while making their dependency relations fully explicit. For example hypallage antonomasia anthimeria and merism are studied as variants of metonymy and analogy paragon and allegory as variants of metaphor. An important feature of the book is its special emphasis on the combinations of figures of speech into conceptually more complex configurations. Finally the book accounts for the principles that regulate the felicity of figurative expressions. The result is a broad integrative framework for the analysis of figurative language grounded in the relationship between pragmatics and cognition.

This volume brings together 19 cutting edge studies written by some of the most prominent linguists working on Chinese formal syntax as a Festschrift volume dedicated to Yen-Hui Audrey Li. The contributions to the volume address a wide range of issues currently developing in the field of Chinese syntax grouped into five thematic sections on the structure of lexical and functional projections modal verb syntax syntax-semantics interactions the syntax and interpretation of particles and the acquisition of syntactic structures. With its rich descriptive content sourced from different varieties of Chinese and its theoretical orientation and analyses the book provides an important new resource both for researchers with a primary interest in Chinese and other linguists interested in discovering how properties of Chinese can inform the analysis of other languages.

This textbook is designed for advanced (graduate and postgraduate) students and will also be of interest to scholars. It blends a cognitive linguistic approach to language and language use with insights from contemporary pragmatics the ultimate aim being to advance a unified model of cognitive pragmatics. Basic themes in cognitive linguistics and pragmatics are covered ranging from figurative language and thought e.g. conceptual metaphor and metonymy the role of inferencing in the construction of meaning in particular indirect speech acts to the conceptual and functional motivation of morphosyntactic structure. Finally the book offers many suggestions and ideas for student papers as well as larger research projects that promise to reveal new insights into conceptual structure communicative function and their influence on the grammatical structure of language.

This book is a contribution to the growing field of diachronic construction grammar. Focus is on corpus evidence for the importance of including conventionalized pragmatics within construction grammar and suggestions for how to do so. The empirical domain is the development of Discourse Structuring Markers in English such as after all also all the same by the way further and moreover (also known as Discourse Markers). The term Discourse Structuring Markers highlights their use not only to connect discourse segments but also to shape discourse coherence and understanding. Monofunctional Discourse Structuring Markers like further instead moreover are distinguished from multifunctional ones like after all and by the way. Drawing on usage-based work on constructionalization and constructional changes the book is in three parts: foundational concepts case studies and currently open issues in diachronic construction grammar. These open issues are how to incorporate the concepts subjectification and intersubjectification into a constructional account of change whether position in a clause is a construction and the nature of constructional networks and how they change.

Taking extra-vagans literally (Lat. ‘wandering outside out of bounds’) this volume comprises nine case studies on extravagant morphology ranging from pattern-extending derivational processes via theory-challenging compounding processes to interface-straddling morphosyntactic phenomena. As a heuristic approach morphological extravagance captures word-formation processes characterised by constraint violations interface phenomena as well as borderline phenomena not easily reconcilable with traditional postulates of morphological accounts. In this regard the notion of extravagance allows for an exploration of rule-bending language use both empirically and theoretically. The volume makes a valuable contribution to studies on morphological variation which has only recently seen a renewed and growing interest in morphological phenomena that challenge morphological frameworks. The volume is of interest to all researchers who seek to gain a broader understanding of the mechanisms and factors at work in morphological variation and who are interested in the reassessment of morphological theorising in light of empirical data.

This volume contains 25 articles covering a wide array of subjects reflecting the breadth of scholarship of one of today’s leading experts in the field of Frisian Studies. The articles written mostly in English and German encompass a temporal range from Old Frisian to Modern Frisian and a geographical range from West Frisian in the Netherlands to Sater and North Frisian in Germany and include Low German. Some articles initiate new fields of enquiry e.g. uncharted areas of dialectology others give comprehensive reviews of certain domains e.g. the provenance of Old Frisian law texts while a third category focusses on specific topics ranging from phonology grammar and etymology to aspects of Frisian literature and a medieval Frisian ballad.