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Differential marking as applied to direct objects has long been discussed as one of the characterizing traits of many Romance languages. There is however wide consensus that a detailed investigation into the nature of this phenomenon raises numerous challenges both at the empirical and theoretical level. Many questions are still being raised regarding which precise morpho-syntactic strategies count as differential object marking whether the data can be unified and subsequently how they are to be unified formally and theoretically. Additionally a thorough investigation of this phenomenon is still needed for many Romance languages and especially at the micro-variation level. This volume brings together original papers addressing various aspects of differential object marking in Romance languages focusing on micro-variation from both a descriptive and formal perspective touching on diachrony language contact synchrony and using a large set of methodologies.

This volume addresses the issue of pragmatic meaning and interpretation in communication contexts regarding health and does so by combining a series of diverse and complementary approaches which together highlight the relevance of successfully shared understanding to achieve more accessible inclusive and sustainable healthcare systems.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume is divided into five thematic sections: 1) Analytical approaches to health communication 2) Intercultural and mediated communication 3) Negotiation and meaning construction 4) Expertise and common ground 5) Uncertainty and evasive answers bringing together a group of top scholars on the much-debated issue of shared understanding both at the micro-level of dialogues between professionals and patients and the macro-level of institutional communication. <br/>In the variety of its contributions it represents an ambitious attempt at setting pragmatics at the core of healthcare communication research and practice by combining conceptual reflections on core topics in the field of pragmatics (among which are speech acts common ground ambiguity implicitness) with discourse and linguistic analysis of real-world examples exploring various problems in health communication.

This book is a phonological investigation of place assimilation phenomena in two major Arabic dialects: Cairene Egyptian and Baghdadi Iraqi. The studied phenomena involve interactions between consonants (various types of local assimilation) between vowels (monophthongization) or between consonants and vowels (emphasis spread and labialization). Throughout the content chapters the patterns for each of these processes are carefully described and validated by ample data and then analyzed representationally using a minimalist model of feature geometry. The analysis follows a holistic approach as the representations are consistently used for all the segmental phenomena within a dialect. The first exclusive treatment of place assimilation in colloquial Arabic this book will be of particular interest to scholars and advanced students of Arabic linguistics and dialectology and to phonologists in general and can be a point of reference for researchers examining the details of such phenomena in other dialects of Arabic as well.

As the legislative bodies of democratic nations parliaments play a fundamental role in society. Consequently the linguistic practices observed in parliamentary discourse are of importance to everyone. This volume brings together leading researchers in areas of corpus linguistics big data parliamentary discourse and historical linguistics in a truly interdisciplinary exploration at the vanguard of big data and corpus methods with the aim to investigate the intersection between linguistic and social change. Making use of both quantitative and qualitative methods the studies included in this volume range from a focus on explicitly linguistic phenomena to topics that contribute to our understanding of language and society more generally. It breaks new ground in its critical reflection on the conceptual and methodological challenges of using large corpora of parliamentary discourse to study both the specialised language of parliamentary speech and the societies that the parliaments in question represent and govern.

Text and Wine: Approaches from terminology and translation collects part of the results of the research project WeinApp: Multilingual System of Information and Winegrowing-Resources (MINECO Ref. FFI2016-79785-R) carried out by researchers from the universities of Cordoba and Cadiz (Spain) on wine production the wine sector and its language and terminology in English French German and Spanish. The editors principal investigators of the project begin the volume which contains works on phytopathology lexical domains and subdomains wine tourism agro-legal texts Indo-European languages labelling tasting metaphors wine and literature interpretation wine and medicine oenological websites and lexical and morphosyntactic formation around the language of wine.

The genesis of this book was the 9th Congress of the European Society for Translation Studies held in Stellenbosch South Africa in September 2019 – the first time the event took place outside Europe. “Living Translation – People Processes Products” was the Congress theme. A common thread whether as a methodological or analytical basis as a descriptive framework or as a subject in itself was that of “flows” and the “flowing” nature of translation.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/> The contributions included here draw on a productive framework of networks and flows and foreground the inherent spatial and temporal diversity of Translation Studies. Translation as a social practice is the golden thread throughout the volume – not just “translation” in the conventional sense between languages and cultures but over artificial borders into new spaces between non-traditional agents and actors and through various genres and mediums. Chapters are clustered loosely based on the temporality of the topic under discussion. Work on and from the Global North constitutes the first section and the second complements this by bringing the Global South into the picture as well.<br/>This state-of-the-art research will stimulate robust scholarly discussions as we map our way forward as a living discipline.

Recent years have seen a growing interest in grammatical variation a core explanandum of grammatical theory. The present volume explores questions that are fundamental to this line of research: First the question of whether variation can always and completely be explained by intra- or extra-linguistic predictors or whether there is a certain amount of unpredictable – or ‘free’ – grammatical variation. Second the question of what implications the (in-)existence of free variation would hold for our theoretical models and the empirical study of grammar. The volume provides the first dedicated book-length treatment of this long-standing topic. Following an introductory chapter by the editors it contains ten case studies on potentially free variation in morphology and syntax drawn from Germanic Romance Uralic and Mayan.

This e-book is made available as Open Access under the CC BY 4.0 license.

This encyclopaedia of one of the major fields of language studies is a continuously updated source of state-of-the-art information for anyone interested in language use. The IPrA Handbook of Pragmatics provides easy access – for scholars with widely divergent backgrounds but with convergent interests in the use and functioning of language – to the different topics traditions and methods which together make up the field of pragmatics broadly conceived as the cognitive social and cultural study of language and communication i.e. the science of language use.

The Handbook of Pragmatics is a unique reference work for researchers which has been expanded and updated continuously with annual installments since 1995.

Also available as Online Resource: https://benjamins.com/online/hop

While interpreting long remained unaffected by the technological progress that transformed the translation industry recent years have witnessed a paradigm shift such that interpreters increasingly interact with technological tools that the delivery of interpreting services becomes increasingly dependent on technologies and finally that technologies start to emerge that might some day compete with interpreters. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This volume brings together a series of contributions on interpreting technologies focusing on each of these aspects. Its goal is to inform and to empower interpreters as well as to spark new reflections on the future of technology in the interpreting industry. With this volume we want to encourage interpreters to participate in that reflection and to become partners of technology rather than its victims. The next generation of technologies will need a next generation of interpreters!

Professor Albert Costa (1972-2018) was one of the most influential scholars in the fields of psycholinguistics and bilingualism. This book provides a faithful look at the most relevant lines of research in which he worked during his academic career. Written by some of his close collaborators and friends the book presents a coherent summary of the most relevant psycholinguistic theories on language processing and bilingualism including critical reviews to current models of lexical access the representation of cognate words neurolinguistic models of bilingualism cross-linguistic effects in bimodal bilinguals (sign language) prediction processes and linguistic alignment in bilinguals the influence of foreign-language effects in social cognition and the effects of bilingualism in emotion and decision making processing. This volume is a tribute to Prof. Costa and his work and is born from a deep love and respect for his way of approaching the science of multilingualism from a psycholinguistic perspective.

What would it mean to invite disability into dialogue? Disability in Dialogue attunes us to the dialogues of and about disability. In the pages of this book we ask readers to consider the dialogic constitution of disability and to imagine its reformulation. We find the voices bodies social norms visceral experiences discourses and acts of resistance that materialize disability in all its dialogic and enfleshed complexity: tensions contradictions provocations frustrations and desires. This volume makes a unique contribution bringing together authors from disciplines as diverse as communication dialogue studies psychology sociology design rhetoric and activism. Because we take dialogue seriously this book is designed to be brave as we examine the ways of being in the world that dialogic practices engender and allow as well as beckon to continue. By way of a variety of frameworks such as discourse analysis dialogue studies narrative analysis and critical approaches to discourse the chapters of this book take us through a polylogue of and about disability demanding that we consider our own roles in bringing forth disabled ways of being and how we might instead choose ways that enable our common existence.

Religious and Identity Conversions to Islam: A Transatlantic Study of Spaniards and US latinos examines how two groups with historical cultural and linguistic commonalities redefine their new religious identity and make sense of their conversion to Islam not only as national groups but also as Hispanos. In short converts examine how history culture and language are utilized to make sense of their new religious identity and to legitimize their religious choices. History is then examined one that is rooted in pre-colonized Spain and not in colonizing Spain; culture is transformed by adopting new practices and omitting others; and language is strategized to redefine the new religious identity which is carried out through loanwords code-switching transferences and other linguistic strategies. In short this book represents the first transatlantic study of conversions to Islam among Spaniards and US latinos through the study of history culture and language.

This volume presents innovative research on the interface between pragmatics and translation. Taking a broad understanding of translation papers are presented in four different parts. Part I focuses on interpreting; Part II centers on the translation of fictional and non-fictional texts and spaces; Part III discusses audiovisual translation; and Part IV explores translation in a wider context that includes transforming senses and action into language. The issues that transpire as worth exploring in these areas are mediality and multi-modality interpersonal pragmatics close and approximate renditions interpretese and translationese participation structures and the negotiation of discourses and power.

The present volume offers a fresh perspective on political top-down crisis communication across several countries during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes how leaders address the growing awareness of the dangerous impact of social restrictions along with the controversies surrounding the first vaccination campaigns. Not limited to the Western world it also offers insights from six East European countries Uganda India and Palestine. Topics discussed range from inconsistent communication patterns to populist xenophobic accents propagandistic campaigns on vaccines the impact of authoritarian systems on crisis communication the contrast between scientific and African folk medicine and the use of war metaphors.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>By adopting a comparative perspective this volume contributes to the growing body of literature on crisis communication during the pandemic while highlighting important issues and perspectives that have yet to be extensively explored. Moreover it aims to bridge the gap between linguistic and communication research on leadership communication during times of crisis stimulating an interdisciplinary dialogue.

This book represents a detailed discussion and corpus analysis of Theme in English and German originals and translations. The empirical results are based on thousands of clauses from four different registers cover a variety of linguistic aspects including multiple Themes marked Themes participant roles agency and identifiability and are tested statistically using regression analyses. The book sheds light on one of the most elusive concepts of the systemic functional linguistics framework Theme by comparing it with different approaches related concepts and realizations in different languages and by examining empirically different Theme models contrastive differences and translation effects. Given that Theme in English and German is realized formally by being the first clause constituent and is thus effectively a syntactic phenomenon this monograph is not only relevant for functional linguists but any interested in English and German word order differences and their effects on translations.

The study departs from the observation that in expressing ideas some languages encode more details than others. It investigates whether languages encode events and/or objects at a coarse-grained (e.g. put glass) as opposed to a fine-grained (e.g. lay wine glass) level systematically. The level of detail is termed granularity which is viewed as a cline from fine-grained (semantic specificity) to coarse-grained meaning (semantic generality). Four languages are investigated: German English Greek and Turkish. The study draws on elicited data from a naming task. The verbalization of events is based on event and object descriptions in selected semantic domains. The results reveal significant granularity effects between languages and language types (satellite-framed vs. verb-framed). The study is relevant for scholars interested in linguistic typology lexical and semantic typology contrastive linguistics event representation psycholinguistics and cognitive semantics.

This volume brings together twelve empirical studies on ditransitive constructions in Germanic languages and their varieties past and present. Specifically the volume includes contributions on a wide variety of Germanic languages including English Dutch and German but also Danish Swedish and Norwegian as well as lesser-studied ones such as Faroese. While the first part of the volume focuses on diachronic aspects the second part showcases a variety of synchronic aspects relating to ditransitive patterns. Methodologically the volume covers both experimental and corpus-based studies. Questions addressed by the papers in the volume are among others issues like the cross-linguistic pervasiveness and cognitive reality of factors involved in the choice between different ditransitive constructions or differences and similarities in the diachronic development of ditransitives. The volume’s broad scope and comparative perspective offers comprehensive insights into well-known phenomena and furthers our understanding of variation across languages of the same family.

This e-book is made available as Open Access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Children’s Cultures after Childhood introduces theoretical concepts from new materialist and posthumanist childhood studies into research on children’s literature film and media texts with attention to the entanglements of which they are part. Thirteen chapters by international contributors from diverse disciplinary fields (literary studies cultural studies media studies education and childhood studies) offer a cross-section of empirical and theoretical approaches sharing an inspiration in the notion of “after childhoods” proposed by Peter Kraftl a children’s geographer to conceptualize theoretical and methodological orientations in research on children’s lives and on past present and future childhoods. This interdisciplinary collection will be of interest to scholars working in children’s literature and culture studies education and childhood studies.

This e-book is made available as Open Access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.

This is a book in the classical Quaestiones genre like the Tusculanae Quaestiones (“Tusculan questions”) of Cicero (around 45 BCE) and the Quæstiones disputatæ de Veritate (“disputed questions on truth”) of St. Thomas Aquinas (1256-1259). It seeks to ask seven series of questions about key theoretical approaches to the study of translation: three on equivalence theories (semantic equivalence dynamic equivalence and deverbalization) three on Descriptive Translation Studies (norms Toury’s laws and the translator’s narratoriality) and one on the translator’s visibility. Each “Question” (chapter) charts a circuitous course through past answers to new questions and new answers drawing especially on the theoretical traditions of hermeneutics phenomenology and 4EA cognitive science. The book will guide both veteran and novice scholars of translation deep into the complexities besetting the seven keywords.

Extraordinary advances in machine translation over the last three quarters of a century have profoundly affected many aspects of the translation profession. The widespread integration of adaptive “artificially intelligent” technologies has radically changed the way many translators think and work. In turn groundbreaking empirical research has yielded new perspectives on the cognitive basis of the human translation process. Translation is in the throes of radical transition on both professional and academic levels. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The game-changing introduction of neural machine translation engines almost a decade ago accelerated these transitions. This volume takes stock of the depth and breadth of resulting developments highlighting the emerging rivalry of human and machine intelligence. The gathering and analysis of big data is a common thread that has given access to new insights in widely divergent areas from literary translation to movie subtitling to consecutive interpreting to development of flexible and powerful new cognitive models of translation.

In this volume the emergence of English in Saipan is examined in the complex context of its colonial past. The focus lies on the influence of the American era on the linguistic outcomes in Saipan. Sociolinguistic interviews with indigenous Chamorros and Saipan Carolinians were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. A general overview of the English spoken in Saipan and detailed analyses of selected morphosyntactic features are presented. The English spoken by the local people presents an interesting transitional phase of English becoming a first language with unique local ‘island’ features. Results shed light on linguistic constraints globally and on social constraints in Saipan that motivate language variation and change locally. This volume contributes to the literature of language variation and change lesser-known varieties of English and the description and categorization of emerging English varieties within the canon of World Englishes.

This volume reflects the centrality of the existential construction in current linguistic research and offers studies that both consolidate and challenge established research agendas. It addresses (i) a variety of constructions related to ‘prototypical’ existentials (including the have-possessive construction) and investigates (ii) the relationships between locative existential and information structure (iii) the quantification of the pivot and (iv) the issue of negative existentials. It brings together different and complementary approaches (functional cognitive pragmatic typological comparative diachronic philosophical) based on a wide variety of data sources. The contributions illustrate how the so-called existential construction can take a variety of forms – more or less grammaticalized – and functions – ranging from the expression of literal existence to that of localization and discursive focus – in a wide range of languages. The book will be valuable for linguists researchers or students interested in the cross-linguistic manifestations of existential constructions at the interface between syntax semantics and information structure.

English Complex Words is a lively essential companion for multilingual explorations of word-formation processes both in English and across 40 other languages. It offers today’s broadest available coverage of English prefixation suffixation and compounding. Comprising a treasury of real language items this book offers students a unique chance to conduct their own research and analyses using a goldmine of carefully-selected authentic examples and corpus data. Readers will become familiar with 96 affixes and 13 compound types by working through thought-provoking morphological cases and their construction patterns. Through these challenging and hands-on activities junior researchers identify morphological nuances among multiple languages. Instructors in multilingual classrooms can find satisfying activities to address the needs of international students. This academically stimulating coursebook can serve as a core text for Word Formation and Morphology courses. As a supplemental source it may suit a range of Linguistics courses directed at both graduate and undergraduate students.

Bilingualism is a ubiquitous global phenomenon. Beyond being a language experience bilingualism also entails a social experience and it interacts with development and learning with cognitive and neural consequences across the lifespan. The authors of this volume are world renowned experts across several subdisciplines including linguistics developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience. They bring to light bilingualism’s cognitive developmental and neural consequences in children young adults and older adults. This book honors Ellen Bialystok and highlights her profound impact on the field of bilingualism research as a lifelong experience. The chapters are organized into four sections: The first section explores the complexity of the bilingual experience beyond the common characterization of “speaking multiple languages.” The next section showcases Ellen Bialystok’s earlier impact on psychology and education; here the contributors answer the question “how does being bilingual shape children’s development?” The third section explores cognitive and neuroscientific theories describing how language experience modulates cognition behavior and brain structures and functions. The final section shifts the focus to the impact of bilingualism on healthy and abnormal aging and asks whether being bilingual can stave off the effects of dementia by conferring a “cognitive reserve.”

Corpora and Rhetorically Informed Text Analysis explores applications of rhetorically informed approaches to corpus research. Bringing together contributions from scholars in a variety of fields it takes up questions of how theories and traditions in rhetorical analysis can be integrated with corpus techniques in order to enrich our understanding of language use variation and history. The studies included in this volume shed light on areas as diverse as student academic writing political discourse and the digital humanities. These studies all make use of a dictionary-based tagger called DocuScope which recognizes tens-of-millions of words and phrases and slots them into categories based on their rhetorical functions. While DocuScope provides a through-line that both links the studies’ various analytical procedures and primes their rhetorical insights the volume is about more than the explanatory power of a single tool. It demonstrates how rhetorically informed approaches can complement more established corpus methodologies underscoring their combined potential.

Research on how stakeholders interpret language test scores and how they make decisions about language proficiency is critical because score-based decisions can be extremely consequential for test takers score users such as educational institutions and employers and the society overall. This edited volume is intended as a primary resource for language assessment researchers developers and policy makers interested in efficiently communicating score information related to language proficiency. Its nine chapters report on complicated often behind-the-scenes research efforts to enhance the interpretation of English language test scores developed by ETS by employing diverse methodologies such as vertical linking score mapping standard setting scale anchoring and score concordance. In a post-pandemic era full of challenges and change in the field of language assessment this volume highlights the ethical responsibility of test providers to engage in sometimes challenging research and development efforts to better serve score users.

By adopting a historical perspective this edited collection of papers takes a fresh look at a key concept in applied linguistics that of innovation. A substantial introduction advocates historical re-evaluation of this notion via exploration of its rise to prominence while the ten subsequent chapters present in-depth case studies of apparently successful as well as ineffective innovation(s) from the early eighteenth to the late twentieth century. Language learning/teaching developments in Brazil China England France Germany and Italy are considered along with ‘global’ innovations in language learner lexicography while the languages considered include Chinese English French Italian Latin Portuguese and Spanish. Various types of primary source material are utilized illustrating the possibilities of applied linguistic historiography for both students and academics new to the field. The book questions ideas of perpetual innovation and progress supporting the adoption of more critical perspectives on change and innovation in applied linguistics and language teaching.

Recent years have seen a burgeoning interest in interactional humour from social and pragmatic perspectives with fascinating results. Released more than a decade later than Norrick and Chiaro (2009) Humor in Interaction The Pragmatics of Humour in Interactive Contexts gathers some of the most recent work on humour in interaction with contributions taking (meta)pragmatic approaches to the analysis of various genres of interactive humour in both online and offline settings. This volume illustrates that a range of methodologies and perspectives can be applied to the study of such a complex phenomenon. These include analyses with a cognitive orientation and with multimodal approaches work based on Relevance Theory the General Theory of Verbal Humour and Conversation Analysis among others. In addition all the authors represented here are recognised experts on the subject and in most cases are leading specialists in their respective fields. The book can be of use not only to scholars who study the linguistics of humour in interaction but also to students who wish to pursue research in the area.

Social Media and Society brings together a range of scholars working at the intersection of discourse studies digital media and society. It is meant to respond to changes in discourse technologies i.e. the techno-discursive dynamic of social media discourses. The book critically engages with the digital dynamics of representations around discourses of identity politics and culture. Other than its topical focus on highly pertinent discourses the book aspires to offer some fresh insights into the theory methods and implementation of CDS in digital environments. The book can be viewed as part of the developing research framework of Social Media Critical Discourse Studies which seeks to integrate the impact of new mediation technologies on discursive meaning-making with its critical contextualisation. In addition to its strongly global outlook the book incorporates a wide range of research perspectives including CDA sociolinguistics political discourse studies media and technology discourse theory popular culture feminism etc.

This is the first edited volume dedicated to both teachers and learners of second/foreign language (L2) pragmatics. It comprises a collection of studies that explore how teachers background and practices and individual learners differences contribute to the teaching and learning of L2 pragmatics. Also included are chapters that present pedagogical approaches that bring teachers and learners together in action in the classroom setting. Written by an international team of experts the volume examines the most relevant topics on instructional pragmatics in a variety of language contexts including Brazil China Germany Japan Spain the United States and Vietnam. This global perspective represents a key contribution in the current increasingly multilingual and multicultural society. Taken together the findings presented have diverse research and pedagogical implications and provide new directions to explore L2 pragmatic competence. This innovative book will be a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students as well as for language teachers and course developers.

This volume offers insight into different aspects of an interesting but fairly understudied language family opens a path to new inquiries and provides valuable contribution to linguistics in general and to Iranian linguistics in particular. The articles in this volume offer novel analyses of significant properties of some of the Iranian languages and contribute to various linguistic subareas such as experimental and historical linguistics as well as the morphology syntax and semantics of several members of this language family. Specifically this volume features a few articles on the Ezafe construction which shed new light on this interesting phenomenon of Western Iranian languages from historical comparative and syntactic points of view. Moreover a few articles address the syntax and formal semantics of properties of Persian offering new insight into particular constructions in this language which are also fruitful for the general theory of linguistics. Crucially all authors raise important questions opening up the path for further investigations.

This collected volume showcases cutting-edge research in the rapidly developing area of sign language corpus linguistics in various sign language contexts across the globe. Each chapter provides a detailed account of particular national corpora and methodological considerations in their construction. Part 1 focuses on corpus-based linguistic findings covering aspects of morphology syntax multilingualism and regional and diachronic variation. Part 2 explores innovative solutions to challenges in building and annotating sign language corpora touching on the construction of comparable sign language corpora collaboration challenges at the national level phonological arrangement of digital lexicons and (semi-)automatic annotation. This unique volume documenting the growth in breadth and depth within the discipline of sign language corpus linguistics is a key resource for researchers teachers and postgraduate students in the field of sign language linguistics and will also provide valuable insights for other researchers interested in corpus linguistics Construction Grammar and gesture studies.

Responding to Questions at Press Conferences makes clear how the spokespersons at China’s diplomatic press conferences maneuver strategically in defining the issues in the empirical counterpart of the confrontation stage when responding to the journalists’ questions and how this confrontational maneuvering is meant to be instrumental in convincing the intended audience. The detailed and systematic analysis of the various modes of confrontational maneuvering adopted by the spokespersons elucidate how China’s recently established “progressive” diplomatic style is shaped by its spokespersons’ argumentative discourse.

This volume offers a critical discursive-argumentative framework that scrutinizes the discursive construction and moreover the argumentative justification of authoritarian attitudes on newspaper front pages in highly polarized times of multiple ‘crises’ in Greece. At the same time it aspires to outline novel research avenues for scholars working in the fields of critical discourse and argumentation studies multimodality and communication studies that go beyond the study of the meaning potential of multimodal artifacts and focus on the study of the argumentative inferences that are triggered by multimodal discourses in polarized contexts. It frames the theoretical discussion based on concepts such as Nikos Poulantzas’ ‘authoritarian statism’ as well as Antonio Gramsci’s ‘hegemony’ and ‘intellectuals’. Methodologically it draws on the agenda of multimodal critical discourse analysis integrating principles and tools from social semiotics and (multimodal) argumentation studies with a particular focus on inference in argumentation.

This scholarly edition invites us to reconsider our assumptions about the French language by showcasing the oeuvre of one of the pioneers of diachronic Spoken French corpus linguistics William J. Ashby and the ground-breaking findings to come out of his influential Tours corpora (1976 & 1995) including two real-time studies appearing for the first time in English translation. To help readers visualize just how radically different the morphosyntax morphophonology and semantics of Spoken French are from French-on-the-page the editor has developed a glossing framework designed to capture the systemic radically-prefixal morphology of Spoken French and the variability of change-in-progress. The model presented here and used to gloss the examples from the Tours corpus is also suitable for corpus-tagging. The volume is organized into sections preceded by an Editor’s note and followed by suggestions for further reading and closes with an appendix of French corpora. This scholarly edition was written for advanced undergraduates graduate students and scholars in the field.

This collection presents novel insights into the micro- and macro-variation of causal clauses from a cross-linguistic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic setting the scene and nine chapters based on data from Dutch German English Icelandic Chinese and Japanese. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve inter alia external internal and linear syntax of adverbial clauses expressing a causal relation their semantic interpretation and information-structural properties verb position volitionality and the development of particular causal conjunctions. The findings gained here are of synchronic and diachronic nature and offer new theoretical perspectives on how causal dependency relationships are expressed by inherent causal morpho-syntactic patterns. They also provide a deeper comprehension of how sentential modifiers work emerge and develop in general. This volume is an asset to grammarians syntacticians theoretical and historical linguists.

The aspiration of an Atlas is to cover the whole world by compiling cartographical material representing territories from across the five continents. This book intends to contribute to that ideally comprehensive yet always unfinished Atlas with pieces gathered from all of the Earth’s regions. However its focus is not so much of a geographical nature (although maps and geographical reflections are not absent in its pages) but of a historical-analytical one. As such the Atlas engages in the historical analysis of interpreters (of both language and cultures) in multiple interpreting settings and places including in zones which are less frequently studied in specialized literature in different historical periods and at various scales. All the interpreters described in the book share the ability to speak two or more languages and to use them as vehicles; otherwise their individual socio-professional statuses vary so much that there is no similarity between a Venetian dragoman in Istanbul and a prisoner of war or between a locally-recruited interpreter and a missionary. Each contributor has approached the specific spatial and temporal dimensions of their subject as perceived through their different methodological lenses. This multifaceted perspective which is expected to provide fertile soil for future interdisciplinary research has been possible thanks to a balanced combination of scholars from History and from Translation and Interpreting Studies.

This volume is intended as a celebration of Kristin Davidse’s work and its impact within the broad traditions of cognitive functional and usage-based grammars. Reflecting this wide functionalist lens the contributions develop ideas central to Neo-Firthian theories of grammar (in particular Semiotic Grammar and SFL) the Prague School Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) and broader cognitive-functional (e.g. Construction Grammar) and usage-based approaches (e.g. Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization theory corpus-based sociolinguistics). The range of topics addressed makes the volume particularly relevant to linguists investigating information structure construction grammar functional discourse grammar spatial deixis pronoun and case systems and/or the semantics of verbal constructions.

Clitics those “funny little words” like English contracted future tense and pluperfect tense/conditional mood markers (’ll and ’d) or French pronominal objects (le ‘him’ la ‘her’ lui ‘to him/her’ etc.) have long been a source of fascination for linguists. Lacking an inherent stress that characterizes “well-behaved” words clitics prosodically depend on a stressed sentence element called their host which makes them look and in some contexts behave like affixes (parts of words). Some clitics Serbian second-position clitics being the case in point also obey stringent linear ordering rules different from those holding for fully-fledged sentence elements. This monograph offers a comprehensive formalized description of second-position clitics in standard Serbian from the viewpoint of the Meaning-Text theory an approach relying on syntactic dependencies and oriented towards speech production which sets it apart from most contemporary frameworks. It will be of interest for general linguists Slavists and advanced learners of Serbian.

Study abroad research has become an established area of inquiry with theoretical impact and methodological sophistication. The field has incorporated the different approaches and methodological changes that have characterized SLA scholarship including technological advances and new designs. The present volume contributes an update on and a systematic critical appraisal of the methods employed in study abroad research to identify strengths and weaknesses and to look ahead and point towards new directions. The volume is organized around different areas -approaches instruments linguistic levels and learners and their context- each one including a number of chapters authored by outstanding experts in the field.

This PALART volume makes an original addition to the Series as it opens a stimulating window on the Asia-Pacific region of the world by bringing together a great deal of empirical and theoretical new work in Second Language Acquisition within the Processability Theory (PT) framework. Readers will be pleasantly surprised to be able to access within one publication so much novel and overview information on SLA while maintaining its focus on PT its theoretical developments including its 2005 (Pienemann et al.) and 2015 (Bettoni & Di Biase) extensions and how they relate to PT’s foundation work (Pienemann 1998) as well as its applications to language learning and teaching in Japanese Chinese Hindi Malay and English in countries of the Asia-Pacific region including Australia. This volume demonstrates the vitality and the dynamic nature of PT and its potential as a tool for understanding SLA both theory and practice.

National linguistic ideology has been at the base of most historical processes that –whether they are complete or not – have brought us to the current reality: a world of languages that represent with greater or lesser exactitude the diversity – and convergences – of human groups. Various of today’s thinkers have predicted the decline or even the end of national ideologies. In the area of language postmodernism would make the linguistic affiliation of the community individuals irrelevant de-ideologise language use and extend plurilingualism and language alternation in association with a new distribution of (physical or functional) spaces of linguistic practice. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>But is this true everywhere? Are languages now nowhere the core of collective identity? Or are we witnessing a distinction between languages that because of their magnitude status strategic position etc. can continue to exercise the function of national languages and languages that have to renounce this function? Has national linguistic ideology really ceased to make sense? What other strategies should the historic language of a given geographic area employ if it wants to continue forming part of the life of the community that is set up there? What kinds of languages are desired by politicians intellectuals and philologists? This book aims to bring some thoughts about these questions.

Emotion in Texts for Children and Young Adults: Moving stories takes up key issues in affect studies while putting forward new approaches and ways of thinking about the intricate entanglements of emotion affect and story in relation to the functions processes and influences of texts designed for youth. With an emphasis on national literatures and international scholarship it examines a variety of storytelling forms formats genres and media crafted for readers ranging from the very young to the newly adult. Layering recent cognitive approaches to emotion affect studies and feminist perspectives on emotion it investigates not only what texts for children and young adults have to say about emotion but also how such texts try to move their readers. In this the chapters draw attention to the ways narrative literary texts address elicit shape and/or embody emotion.

Studies on L2 writing tasks with child learners have broken through several barriers in the past few years. Although long considered a solitary task writing is now regularly done in collaborative pairs and groups as well. New and more comprehensive writing and feedback strategies have been implemented and task repetition has made its way from oral into writing tasks. Finally research analyses of linguistic outcomes have been complemented by measures of task motivation. Drawing on knowledge from the fields of psychology education and SLA this book includes a comprehensive and interdisciplinary analysis of this body of research. It pinpoints the specificity of writing tasks for child L2 learners identifies the research gaps that pave the way for future research and offers a guide for teachers who wish to implement writing tasks with young language learners. In sum this book demonstrates that child L2 writing constitutes a new field of inquiry and attempts to give child L2 writers a room of their own.

Conspiracy Theory Discourses addresses a crucial phenomenon in the current political and communicative context: conspiracy theories. The social impact of conspiracy theories is wide-ranging and their influence on the political life of many nations is increasing. Conspiracy Theory Discourses bridges an important gap by bringing discourse-based insights to existing knowledge about conspiracy theories which has so far developed in research areas other than Linguistics and Discourse Studies. The chapters in this volume call attention to conspiracist discourses as deeply ingrained ways to interpret reality and construct social identities. They are based on multiple partly overlapping analytical frameworks including Critical Discourse Analysis rhetoric metaphor studies multimodality and corpus-based quali-quantitative approaches. These approaches are an entry point to further explore the environments which enable the proliferation of conspiracy theories and the paramount role of discourse in furthering conspiracist interpretations of reality.

This volume features eight peer-reviewed chapters based on papers presented at the 33rd Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics held at the University of Toronto in 2019. The chapters are divided into four sections: sociolinguistics phonetics and phonology syntax and first language acquisition. They present research on relatively well-studied Arabic varieties such as the Moroccan Jordanian and Emirati varieties as well as understudied varieties such as the Palestinian dialects of Gaza and Jaffa and the Saudi dialects of Al-Ahsa Ha’il and Faifi. The chapters address linguistic phenomena that range from language variation and change the phonemic status and feature composition of rhotics and the realization patterns of emphatic fricatives to the grammaticalization of aspectual markers the syntactic and pragmatic aspects of post-wh-questions and the acquisition trajectory of the definite article. The volume makes valuable descriptive and theoretical contributions to Arabic linguistics.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of Chinese linguistics including the core components of phonetics and phonology morphology syntax writing system and social cultural aspects of the language. It also discusses key features of Chinese language acquisition in each of these areas highlighting common difficulties and obstacles adult learners encounter as revealed in language acquisition research. The integration of basic linguistic knowledge with language acquisition findings provides valuable resources for both current and aspiring Chinese language teachers and serious learners of Chinese as a second language. Exercise questions included in each chapter serve to reinforce the concepts of Chinese linguistics. The book is designed to not only enhance Chinese learners’ linguistic awareness but also provide language teachers with pedagogical preparation and assistance. While this book can be used as a textbook for an introductory Chinese linguistics course it is also beneficial to the broader range of readers who are interested in Chinese linguistics.

Health interpreters and translators often face unpredictable assignments in the multifaceted healthcare setting. This book is based on the very popular international publication (Crezee 2013) and has been supplemented with commonly asked questions and glossaries in Turkish. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Turkish is the home language of a very significant number of (now often elderly) migrants in countries outside of Turkey and this book provides an invaluable resource to those interpreting for these migrants in the healthcare setting. The book will also be invaluable to those interpreting for medical tourists from Turkey travelling to other countries for treatment.<br/>In short this is an exceptionally useful and easily accessible handbook in particular for interpreters translators educators cultural mediators health professionals and other practitioners working between Turkish and English - or other languages.<br/>Speakers of Turkish represent a rich and diverse range of historical religious and cultural traditions. This book covers some of those while also describing the Turkish healthcare system and touching on cultural beliefs and traditional approaches to health.<br/>This unique book is an indispensable vade mecum ("go with me") for anyone wishing to navigate language access involving speakers of Turkish in the healthcare setting.

The book explores (1) the motivation of motion expressions in Western classical music criticism in terms of conceptual metaphors (Lakoff & Johnson 1980 1999) in two corpus studies and (2) their perceived degree of metaphoricity among musicians and non-musicians in a rating study. The results show that while fundamental embodied conceptual metaphors like TIME IS MOTION certainly play a part in explaining why we speak of Western classical music as motion it is the specific communicative setting of music criticism that determines the particular use of motion metaphors.

Furthermore the perceived metaphoricity of musical motion metaphors varies with participants’ musical background: musicians perceive musical motion expressions as more literal compared to non-musicians showing that there are individual differences in the perception of metaphoricity.