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Intersubjectivity is a precondition for human life – for social organization as well as for individual development and well-being. Through empirical examination of social interactions in everyday and institutional settings the authors in this volume explore the achievement and maintenance of intersubjectivity. The contributions show how language codes and creates intersubjectivity how interactants move towards shared understanding in interaction how intersubjectivity is central to phenomena and experiences often considered merely individual and how intersubjectivity evolves through learning. While the core methodology of the studies is Conversation Analysis the volume highlights the advantages of using several methods to tackle intersubjectivity.

This book offers the first systematic study of the early phases in the acquisition of derivational morphology from a cross-linguistic and typological perspective. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>It presents ten empirical longitudinal studies in genealogically and typologically diverse languages (Indo-European Finno-Ugric Altaic) with different degrees of derivational complexity. Data collection analysis and systematic comparison between child speech and parental child-directed speech are strictly parallel across the chapters. In order to identify the productivity of a derivational pattern signalling the crucial developmental stage in its acquisition the concept of the mini-paradigm criterion was applied. <br/>Similar developmental processes can be observed in all children independent of the language they acquire but the children’s courses of development also show obvious typological differences. This points towards an important impact of the structural properties of the specific language on emergence use and the early course of development of derivational patterns.

Despite the fact that they are often crucial to our understanding the vague ineffable elements of language use and communication have received much less attention from linguists than the more concrete effable ones. This has left a range of important questions unanswered. How might we account for the communication of non-propositional phenomena such as moods emotions and impressions? What type of cognitive response do these phenomena trigger if not conceptual or propositional? Do creative metaphors and unknown words in second languages and other ‘pointers’ to ‘conceptual regions’ communicate concepts learned from language alone? How might the descriptive ineffability of interjections free indirect speech etc. be accommodated within a theory of communication? What of those working on the aesthetics of artworks music and literature? What can evolution tell us about ineffability? The papers in this volume address these fascinating questions head-on. They represent a range of different attempts to answer them and in so doing allow us to pose exciting new questions. The aim to bring the ineffable firmly within the grasp of theoretical pragmatics.

This volume brings together studies that combine both traditional and contemporary tools in the study of syntactic geolectal variation with a special focus on a subset of Iberian varieties. There is an increasing body of research on syntactic micro-variation but the interaction between dialectology (which makes use of atlases corpora databases questionnaires interviews etc.) and formal syntactic studies has traditionally been weak (or even nonexistent) which is precisely the gap the contributions in this book aim at filling in. From a broader perspective this collection is meant as a contribution to the subfield of linguistic variation and to the more general field of Romance linguistics with special interest in Spanish and in other Iberian languages. The volume is meant for both researchers and students interested in linguistic variation or dialectology and specifically in syntactic variation in Iberian languages.

This book brings together new research on the practices of newsmaking. Participation engagement and collaboration have long been heralded as a vision goal or emerging practice in the news. The claim in this volume is that they have now become sedimented as the common-sense baseline for everyday newsmaking routines. The issue for newsmakers is not ‘whether’ to engage with readers and users but ‘how’ to engage with them. The contributions span a wide range of newsmaking contexts including analytics-based online headline testing the communication efforts of a Brussels-based free marketeer thinktank collaborative science journalism and rapidly changing journalistic sourcing and writing routines from legacy to social media. Together they argue for a postfoundational perspective which observes how participation engagement and collaboration have emerged as a ‘foundation’ which is no longer questioned but which can lead to new tensions in newsmaking. As such the book provides inspirational reading for anyone in the social sciences and humanities who is interested in understanding how the ubiquity of participation engagement and collaboration in the making of the news impacts on issues of power transparency and control in the twenty-first century.

This is the sixth volume to be dedicated to the pioneering linguistic work produced by missionaries in Asia. This volume presents research into the documentation study and description of Chinese Japanese Vietnamese and Tamil. It provides a selection of papers which primarily concentrate on the Society of Jesus and their linguistic production but also covers linguistic works written by Franciscans the Order of Discalced Carmelites and works of other religious institutions such as the Propaganda Fide and the Missions Étrangères de Paris. New insights are provided regarding these works and their reception among European scholars interested in these ‘exotic’ languages and cultures. Each text is placed in its historical context and various approaches to some of the most important descriptive problems faced by these linguists avant la lettre are analyzed such as the establishment of an adequate romanization system the description of typological features of these Asian languages such as tonality and aspiration in Chinese and Vietnamese agglutination and derivational morphology in Japanese and Tamil and pragmatics in particular politeness in Japanese. This volume not only looks at methodology and descriptive techniques but also comments on missionary linguistic policies in Asia and offers articles of interest to historiographers of linguistics historians typologists descriptive linguists and those interested in translation studies.

Aphasia is the most common acquired language disorder in adults resulting from brain damage usually stroke. This book firstly explains how aphasia research and clinical practice remain heavily influenced by rule-based generative theory and summarizes key shortcomings with this approach. Crucially it demonstrates how an alternative — the constructivist usage-based approach — can provide a more plausible theoretical perspective for characterizing language in aphasia. After detailing rigorous transcription and segmentation methods it presents constructivist usage-based analyses of spontaneous speech from people with various aphasia ‘types’ challenging a clear-cut distinction between lexis and grammar emphasizing the need to consider whole-form storage and frequency effects beyond single words and indicating that individuals fall along a continuum of spoken language capability rather than differing categorically by aphasia ‘type’. It provides original insight into aphasia — with wide-reaching implications for clinical practice — while equally highlighting how the study of aphasia is important for the development of Cognitive Linguistics.

Up to now the Handbook of Translation Studies (HTS) consisted of four volumes all published between 2010 and 2013. Since research in TS continues to grow and expand this fifth volume was added in 2021. The HTS aims at disseminating knowledge about translation interpreting localization adaptation etc. and providing easy access to a large range of topics traditions and methods to a relatively broad audience: not only students who prefer such user-friendliness but also researchers and lecturers in Translation Studies Translation & Interpreting professionals as well as scholars and experts from other adjacent disciplines. All articles in HTS are written by specialists in the different subfields and are peer-reviewed.

Through critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the discourse-historical approach (DHA) this book probes into political discourse imbued with historical legacies with particular focus on explicating the structure and function of AKP stories and its relationship with Turkish politics. It offers an alternative way of reading the transformation in such politics via the pattern of deconstruction reconstruction and policymaking. It systematically delineates how President R. Tayyip Erdoğan’s political discourse evokes dialog that embodies the grand legacy of history deconstructs the mentality of the opposition reconstructs an alternative dialog and converts discourse into policy. The book breaks a new ground by introducing a theoretical framework on the relationship between political discourse and policy. It traces how political stories sourced largely by appropriated historical themes and figures enable rhetoricians to weave simple yet good and influential stories to legitimize potential political action by beguiling people’s hearts and minds.

Variation Rolls the Dice: A worldwide collage in honour of Salikoko S. Mufwene aims to celebrate Mufwene’s ground-breaking contribution to linguistics in the past four decades. The title also encapsulates his approach to language as both systemic and socio-cultural practices and the role of variation in determining particular evolutionary trajectories in specific linguistic ecologies. The book therefore focuses on variation within and across languages within and across speakers and how this fundamental aspect of human behavior can affect language structure in time and space. Mufwene has been instrumental in putting creole languages on the map of General Linguistics and connecting their analysis to issues of language acquisition multilingualism language contact language evolution and language typology. Thanks to the diversity of topics and the wide-ranging theoretical persuasions of the contributors this volume aims at a large readership including both scholars and advanced students interested in cutting-edge research in the aforementioned domains.

This is the first edited collection focusing exclusively on how second language users interpret and engage with the processes of email writing. With chapters written by an international array of scholars the present volume is dedicated to furthering the study of the growing field of L2 email pragmatics and addresses a range of interesting topics that have so far received comparatively scant attention. Utilising both elicited and naturally-occurring data the research in this volume takes the reader from a consideration of learners’ pragmatic development as reflected in email writing and their perceptions of the email medium to relational practices in various email functions and in a variety of academic contexts. As a whole the contributions incorporate research with learners from a range of proficiency levels language and cultural backgrounds and employ varied research designs in order to examine different email speech acts. The book provides valuable new insights into the dynamic and complex interplay between cultural interlanguage pedagogical and medium-specific factors shaping L2 email discourse and it is undoubtedly an important reference and resource for researchers graduate students and experienced language teachers.

As Ragnar Rommetveit put it forty years ago dialogue is “the architecture of intersubjectivity”: a tool not only for maintaining yet also constantly transforming our life-worlds. The volume advances and empirically illustrates the role of talk-in-interaction in displaying ratifying creating yet also defying the crucial dimensions of the world we live in. This process is particularly noticeable in children’s primary social worlds i.e. home and school where they are socialized to becoming competent members of the communities they (will) live in. Drawing on fifty years of research on children's socialization through language and social interaction the volume provides new multidisciplinary insights and updated empirical data on the process through which cultures identities and knowledge are brought into being through the everyday dialogues that animate children’s life at home and school. The volume addresses a specialized readership and its interdisciplinary framework ensures that it will be of great interest to scholars from different academic fields such as social and developmental psychology anthropology education developmental linguistics sociolinguistics and developmental pragmatics.

Many theories of language acquisition struggle to account for the morphological complexity and diversity of the world’s languages. This book examines the acquisition of complex morphology of Murrinhpatha a polysynthetic language of Northern Australia. It considers semi-naturalistic data from five children (1;9-6;1) collected over a two-year period. Analysis of the Murrinhpatha data is focused on the acquisition of polysynthetic verb constructions large irregular inflectional paradigms and bipartite stem verbs which all pose interesting challenges to the learner as well as to theories of language acquisition. The book argues that morphological complexity which broadly includes factors such as transparency predictability/regularity richness type/token frequency and productivity must become central to our understanding of morphological acquisition. It seeks to understand how acquisition is impacted by differences in morphological systems and by the ways in which children and their interlocutors use these systems.

English Pronunciation Instruction: Research-based insights presents recent research on L2 English pronunciation including pedagogical implications and applications and seeks to bridge the gulf between pronunciation research and teaching practice. The volume’s 15 chapters cover a range of aspects that are central to pronunciation teaching including the teaching of different segmental and suprasegmental features teachers’ and learners’ views and practices types and sources of learners’ errors feedback and assessment tools and strategies for pronunciation instruction reactions towards accented speech as well as the connection between research and teaching. Chapters offer a fully developed section on pedagogical implications with insightful suggestions for classroom instruction. This format and the variety of topics will be informative for researchers language teachers and students interested in English pronunciation as it explores the diverse challenges learners of different L1 backgrounds face and also provides research-informed techniques and recommendations on how to cope with them.

This volume comprises a collection of contrastive studies on language and time. Languages represented include Czech French German Mandarin Norwegian and Swedish all of which are contrasted with English. While the amount of published research on temporal relations in general is considerable less work has been carried out on comparing how we talk about time in various languages and how languages change over time. Several methodological challenges are addressed and solutions proposed such as how to deal with poor quality historical data and how to identify n-grams in typologically different languages for purposes of comparison. The results of the various studies show how multilingual corpora can increase our knowledge of language-specific features as well as linguistic typological and cultural differences and similarities across languages.

The English language as spoken in Namibia has virtually been overlooked in most textbooks handbooks and surveys of varieties of English around the world or else has only been mentioned in passing. However this variety of English has recently attracted the attention of several researchers and the present volume brings together most scholars actively involved in the research on English in Namibia from various linguistic fields to present their current research. It covers a wide range of linguistic issues such as empirical analyses on various levels of linguistic description and use as well as the application of diverse methodologies from questionnaire surveys sociolinguistic interviews and focus group discussions to corpus linguistics linguistic landscaping and digital ethnography. This book represents the first comprehensive collection of articles and in-depth discussions of this emerging variety of World Englishes.

“All families and genera”: Exploring the Corpus of English Life Sciences Texts aims at exploring scientific writing in late Modern English. This volume is the fourth of its kind devoted to the analysis of the relations between language and different scientific disciplines from 1700 to 1900. Here forty texts on biology and related fields as compiled in the Corpus of English Life Sciences Texts (CELiST) constitute the basis for the fifteen studies describing scientific discourse on methodological issues the period and the status of the discipline itself as well as pilot studies.

CELiST is accompanied by an updated version of the Coruña Corpus Tool (CCT) a purpose-designed software. Both the tool and the corpus are freely accessible at the Repositorio Universidade Coruña: CCT at http://hdl.handle.net/2183/21850and CELiST at https://ruc.udc.es/dspace/handle/2183/25720(DOI: https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497497848).

The book is addressed to an international readership. It is of interest for university libraries as well as other academic institutions/societies and individual scholars specialised in corpus linguistics and historical linguistics all over the world.

This book offers Cultural-Linguistic explorations into the diverse Lebenswelten of a wide range of cultural contexts such as South Africa Hungary India Nigeria China Romania Iran and Poland. The linguistic expedition sets out to explore three thematic segments that were thus far under-researched from a cultural linguistic perspective – spirituality emotionality and society.

The analytical tools provided by Cultural Linguistics such as cultural conceptualizations and cultural metaphors are not only applied to various corpora and types of texts but also recalibrated and renegotiated. As a result the studies in this collective volume showcase a rich body of work that contributes to the manifestation of Cultural Linguistics as an indispensable paradigm in modern language studies.

Being a testament to the inseparability of language and culture this book will enlighten academics professionals and students working in the fields of Cultural Linguistics sociology gender studies religious studies and cultural studies.

Input Processing is a theoretical framework on which the pedagogical paradigm called Processing Instruction is predicated. In this book new data on the acquisition of Italian and Modern Standard Arabic are presented and analyzed within this framework. Each study in the book explores how input processing strategies affect the acquisition of a particular linguistic feature and/or structure in the two languages. The studies use both offline (e.g. sentence and discourse-level tasks) and online tests (e.g. eye-tracking) to measure the effects of this instructional training.

This book is an enquiry into memory in the Western world. Specifically memory is the framework of culture because it links the present to the past - or tradition - and projects it into the future. For this reason any work focusing on memory involves a double challenge: (1) to reveal the origin of concepts and (2) to glimpse the course of thoughts.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This is the case of the present volume in which the authors make several tastings of Europe's intellectual heritage by taking into account both the Greek origin of this legacy and its relevance for understanding the European philosophical heritage.<br/>In particular these papers focus on the Aristotelian tradition the true keystone of Europe and on other currents of thought that have also played an essential role in the intellectual evolution of the Old Continent. In the latter field there are contributions for instance on philosophical-religious traditions such as Orphism or on certain fundamental aspects of Neoplatonism both in the Classical World and in Christian authors.<br/>The volume concludes with various works on the survival of these intellectual trends from the Renaissance to the present day. Consequently this work offers the opportunity to delve deeper into some of the aspects that define Western civilisation observed both from its origin and its evolution over the centuries.<br/>The volume contains papers in Spanish Portuguese Italian and English.<br/>Este libro es una indagación en la memoria del mundo occidental. Específicamente la memoria es el armazón de la cultura porque liga el presente al pasado —o tradición— y lo proyecta al futuro. Por ello toda obra centrada en la memoria entraña un doble reto: (1) revelar el origen de los conceptos y (2) atisbar el rumbo de los pensamientos.<br/>Este es el caso del presente volumen en el que realizan diversas catas en el patrimonio intelectual europeo. Lo hace teniendo en cuenta tanto el origen griego de ese legado como su relevancia para comprender el acervo filosófico europeo.<br/>En concreto se centra en la tradición aristótelica verdadera clave de bóveda de Europa y en otras corrientes de pensamiento que también han jugado un papel esencial en la evolución intelectual del viejo continente. En éste último ámbito hay contribuciones por ejemplo sobre tradiciones filosófico-religiosas como el orfismo o sobre determinados aspectos fundamentales del neoplatonismo en el mundo clásico y en autores cristianos.<br/>Concluye el volumen con diversos trabajos sobre la pervivencia de esas tendencias intelectuales desde el renacimiento hasta nuestros días. <br/>En consecuencia esta obra ofrece la oportunidad de profundizar en algunos aspectos que definen nuestra civilización observados tanto desde su origen como desde su evolución a lo largo de los siglos.

This volume provides a broad coverage of the intersection of sociolinguistic variation and language acquisition. Favoured by the current scientific context where interdisciplinarity is particularly encouraged the chapters bring to light the complementarity between the social and cognitive approaches to language acquisition. The book integrates sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic issues by bringing together scholars who have been developing conceptions of language acquisition across the lifespan that take into account language-internal and cross-linguistic variation in contexts of both first and second language acquisition as well as of first and second dialect acquisition. The volume brings together theoretical and empirical research and provides an excellent basis for scholars and students wanting to delve into the social and cognitive dimensions of both the production and perception of sociolinguistic variation. The book enables the reader to understand on the one hand how variation is acquired in childhood or at a later stage and on the other how perception and production feed into one another thus building up our understanding of the social meanings underpinning language variation.

This book provides a view of where the field of morphology has been and where it is today within a particular theoretical framework gathering up new and representative work in morphology by both eminent and emerging scholars and touching on a very wide range of topics approaches and theoretical points of view. These seemingly disparate articles have a common touchstone in their focus on a word-based paradigmatic approach to morphology.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The chapters in this book elaborate on these basic themes from the further exploration of paradigms to studies involving words stems and affixes to examinations of competition inheritance and defaults to investigations of morphomes to ways that morphology interacts with other parts of the language from phonology to sociolinguistics and applied linguistics. <br/>The editors and contributors dedicate this volume to Prof. Mark Aronoff for his profound influence on the field.

The objective of this book is to develop a deeper understanding of the form and interpretation of number. Using insights from Generative syntax and Distributed Morphology we develop a theory of distributed number arguing that number can be associated with several functional heads and that these projections exist depending on the features they specify. In doing so we make a strong claim for a close mapping between the syntactic structure and the semantics in the noun phrase since each node corresponds to a different interpretation of number. Despite some technical implementations the book is accessible to linguists working outside any particular syntax-semantic framework since we propose generalizations that are applicable in many if not all models of grammar. The book focuses on Arabic but also discusses a number of languages including English French Ojibwe Blackfoot Hebrew Japanese Korean Chinese Turkish Persian and Western Armenian.

This book showcases innovative research about the multi-functional and dynamic interrelatedness of questioning and answering practices in institution- and culture-specific interactions ranging from under-explored to extensively researched ones: South-Korean talk shows Japanese interviews Chinese news interviews police-civilian interactions in the USA Italian interviews and courtroom examinations Japanese parliamentary debates and Prime Minister’s Questions in the UK Parliament.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Challenging the view that questions are asked with the purpose of seeking information and eliciting answers these studies open up new research avenues through insightful investigations and critical scrutiny that problematize the question-answer paradigm through which meanings are conveyed negotiated and/or contested and through which relationships are established maintained and/or challenged. Significant findings show that questioning and answering strategies are shaped by the specific norms and constraints of particular communities of practice while at the same time they are shaping the very same communities of practice. This book will appeal to interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners across the linguistic media political legal and social sciences.

This collection breaks new ground in police communication research. It involves the first instance of the same dataset being analysed from different theoretical and methodological perspectives as well as providing original and detailed insights into both monolingual and bilingual UK police interviews and US police interrogations of suspects. The topics include the role of metacommunication and its appropriate vs. inappropriate use in evidence elicitation assessment of mitigation vs. aggravation strategies in questioning identification of right vs. wrong empathy and the importance of getting it right effects on complexity in police speak on quantity and quality of information obtained and the multiple challenges that affect interpreter-mediated exchanges in this highly sensitive communicative context. All levels of linguistic meaning are covered words constructions sentences discourse and contextualised within psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic knowledge about inferencing emotion and social interaction. This holistic approach helps us explain where when and why communicative conflicts arise in this sensitive context and propose concrete practical solutions to resolve them. This volume will be useful and relevant to both academics students and researchers and to professionals in the domains of language and the law. Originally published as special issue of Pragmatics and Society 10:1 (2019).

Drawing on the data and history from a wide range of languages from Atayal to Zapotec this volume brings together leading scholars in the field of tense and aspect research resulting in 18 contributions on the perfect and some of its close relatives (e.g. iamitives). Different approaches complement each other to shed light on the source emergence grammaticalization and the typological extension of perfect constructions cross-linguistically. One focal point is the so-called aoristic drift where the perfect comes to resemble the simple past or aorist (often via the hodiernal ‘today’ reading). The semantics and pragmatics of perfects are also investigated through their interaction with other categories (e.g. negation mood). Over time some perfects undergo auxiliary doubling or omission or the auxiliary becomes subject to selection. These facts also receive special attention in this book presenting new insights on perfects in both well-studied as well as very understudied languages.

Linguistic Landscape in the Spanish-speaking World is the first book dedicated to languages in the urban space of the Spanish-speaking world filling a gap in the extensive research that highlights the richness and complexity of Spanish Linguistic Landscapes. This book provides scholars with an instrument to access a variety of studies in the field within a monolingual or multilingual setting from a theoretical sociolinguistic and pragmatic perspective. The works contained in this volume aim to answer questions such as how the linguistic landscape of certain territories includes new discourses that ultimately contribute to a fairer society; how the linguistic landscape of minority or low-income communities can enforce changes on language policy and who determines advertising planning; how these decisions are made and how these decisions affect vendors customers and the general public alike. All in all this collective volume uncovers the voices of minority groups within the communities under study.

This book presents the results of a series of literacy experiments in ten Niger-Congo languages representing four language families and spanning five countries. It asks the research question "To what extent does full tone marking contribute to oral reading fluency comprehension and writing accuracy and does that contribution vary from language to language?". One of the main findings is that the ethno-literacy profile of the language community and the social profile of the individual are stronger predictors of reading and writing performance than are the linguistic and orthographic profiles of the language. Our data also suggest that full tone marking may be more beneficial for less educated readers and those with less experience of L1 literacy. The book will bring practical help to linguists and literacy specialists in Africa and beyond who are helping to develop orthographies for tone languages. It will also be of interest to cognitive psychologists exploring the reading process and researchers investigating writing systems.

The former Soviet Union (USSR) provides the ideal territory for studying language contact between one and the same dominant language (Russian) and a wide range of genealogically and typologically diverse languages with varying histories of language contact. This is the first book that bundles different case studies and systematically investigates the impact of Russian at all linguistic levels from the lexicon to the domains of grammar to discourse and with varying types of outcomes such as relatively rapid language shift structural changes in a relatively stable contact situation pidginization and super variability at the post-pidgin stage. The volume appeals to linguists studying language contact and contact-induced language change from a broad range of perspectives who want to gain insight into how one of the largest languages in the world influences other smaller languages but also experts of mostly minority languages in the sphere of the former Soviet Union.

The last few years have seen a steadily increasing interest in constructional approaches to language contact. This volume builds on previous constructionist work in particular Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG) and the volume Constructions in Contact (2018) and extends its methodology and insights in three major ways. First it presents new constructional research on a wide range of language contact scenarios including Afrikaans American Sign Language English French Malayalam Norwegian Spanish Welsh as well as contact scenarios that involve typologically different languages. Second it also addresses other types of scenarios that do not fall into the classic language contact category such as multilingual practices and language acquisition as emerging multilingualism. Third it aims to integrate constructionist views on language contact and multilingualism with other approaches that focus on structural social and cognitive aspects. The volume demonstrates that Construction Grammar is a framework particularly well suited for analyzing a wide variety of language contact phenomena from a usage-based perspective.

Situated at the interface between corpus linguistics and Systemic Functional Linguistics this volume focuses on conjunctive markers expressing contrast in English and French. The frequency and placement patterns of the markers are analysed using large corpora of texts from two written registers: newspaper editorials and research articles. The corpus study revisits the long-standing but largely unsubstantiated claim that French requires more explicit markers of cohesive conjunction than English and shows that the opposite is in fact the case. Novel insights into the placement preferences of English and French conjunctive markers are provided by a new approach to theme and rheme that attaches more importance to the rheme than previous studies. The study demonstrates the significant benefits of a combined corpus and Systemic Functional Linguistics approach to the cross-linguistic analysis of cohesion.

This book describes the repertoire and uses of referring expressions by French-speaking children and their interlocutors in naturally occurring dialogues at home and at school in a wide range of communicative situations and activities. Through the lens of an interactionist and dialogical perspective it highlights the interaction between the formal aspects of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes the discourse-pragmatic dimension and socio-discursive interactional and dialogical factors. Drawing on this multidimensional theoretical and methodological framework the first part of the book deals with the relation between reference and grammar while the second part is devoted to the role of the communicative experience. Progressively a set of arguments is brought out in favor of a dialogical and interactionist account of children’s referential development. This theoretical stance is further discussed in relation to other approaches of reference acquisition. Thus this volume provides researchers and students with new perspectives and methods for the study of referring expressions in children.

South America was populated relatively recently probably around 15000 years ago. Yet instead of finding a relatively small number of language families we find some 118 genealogical units. So far the historical processes that underlie the current picture are not yet fully understood. This book represents a preliminary attempt at understanding the socio-historical dynamics behind language diversification in the region focusing on the Kawapanan languages particularly on Shawi. The book provides an introduction to the ideas behind the flux approach of Dynamic linguistics and later concentrates on prehistorical language contact specifically in the northern Peruvian Andean sphere. The number of studies presented shed light on a layered picture in which a number of Kawapanan lects were used in non-polyglosic multilingual settings. The book explores the potential contact relationships between Kawapanan languages Quechuan Aymaran Chachapuya Cholón-Hibito Arawak Carib and Puelche. The analysis draws on data collected in the field over a period of eight years (2012-2020) with both Shawi and Shiwilu speakers and includes the first comprehensive grammar sketch of Shawi.

This book explores the politics of ethnicity and nationalism in the Caribbean from a critical discourse-analytical perspective. Focusing on political communication in Trinidad and Tobago it offers unique socio-political insights into one of the most complex and diverse countries of the Archipelago. Through a detailed reconstruction of Kamla Persad-Bissessar’s 2010 victorious run for office this book offers ample empirical evidence of the multimodal discursive strategies that held the key to the success of the first woman PM candidate and her inter-ethnic coalition bid to overcome political tribalism in the country. In parallel it explores the implications and challenges of the postcolonial Trinbagonian national project caught between pluralism and creolization. Through its innovative context-dependent and interdisciplinary CDS approach this book breaks new ground in Caribbean Studies while at the same time broadening the horizons of the Euro-American tradition of Political Discourse Studies to address the complexities of global postcoloniality.

Intersubjectivity and usage play central roles in figurative language and are pivotal notions for a cognitively realistic research on figures of thought speech and communication. This volume brings together thirteen studies that explore the relationship between figurativity intersubjectivity and usage from the Cognitive Linguistics perspective. The studies explore the impact of figurativity on areas of lexicon and grammar on real discourse and across different semiotic systems. Some studies focus on the psychological processes of the comprehension of figurativity; other studies address the ways in which figures of thought and language are socially shared and the variation of figures through time and space. Moreover some contributions are established on advanced corpus-based techniques and experimental methods. There are studies about metaphor metonymy irony and puns; about related processes such as humor empathy and ambiguation; and about the interaction between figures. Overall this volume offers the advantages and the opportunities of an interactional and usage-based perspective of figurativity embracing both the psychological and the intersubjective reality of figurative thought and language and empirically emphasizing the multidimensional character of figurativity its central function in thought and its impact on everyday communication.

Bermudian English. A sociohistorical and linguistic profile focuses on a hitherto severely under-researched variety of English. The book traces the origins and development of Bermudian English so as to situate the variety within the canon of other lesser-known varieties of English and provides a first in-depth description of its variable morphosyntactic structure. Relying on sociolinguistic interview data and combining qualitative typological and quantitative variationist analyses of selected morphosyntactic features it sheds light on structural affiliations of Bermudian English and argues for a two-way transfer pattern where Bermudian English plays an important role in the development of a number of other English(-based) varieties in the wider geographical region. Complementing existing studies which document such varieties this book contributes to the body of research that describes the diversity of English(-based) varieties around the globe filling a notable gap.

How Emotions Are Made in Talk brings together an exciting collection of cutting-edge interactional research examining emotions and affectivity as social actions. The international selection of scholars draw on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis applied to a range of settings including sports workplaces telephone calls classrooms friends and healthcare. The aim of the book is to provide new insights into how emotions are produced as social actions in relation to for example encouragement responsibility crying objects empathy joy surprise touch and pain. This volume should be of interest to interactional scholars and researchers interested in social approaches to emotion and addresses a range of scholarship across the disciplines of sociology communication psychology linguistics and anthropology.

This volume presents novel cross-linguistic insights into how olfactory experiences are expressed in typologically (un-)related languages both from a synchronic and from a diachronic perspective. It contains a general introduction to the topic and fourteen chapters based on philological investigation and thorough fieldwork data from Basque Beja Fon Formosan languages Hebrew Indo-European languages Japanese Kartvelian languages Purepecha and languages of northern Vanuatu. Topics discussed in the individual chapters involve inter alia lexical olfactory repertoires and naming strategies non-literal meanings of olfactory expressions and their semantic change reduplication colexification mimetics and language contact. The findings provide the reader with a range of fascinating facts about perception description contribute to a deeper understanding of how olfaction as an understudied sense is encoded linguistically and offer new theoretical perspectives on how some parts of our cognitive system are verbalized cross-culturally. This volume is highly relevant to lexical typologists historical linguists grammarians and anthropologists.

The focus of this unique publication is on Ethiopian languages and linguistics. Not only major languages such as Amharic and Oromo receive attention but also lesser studied ones like Sezo and Nuer are dealt with. The Gurage languages that often present a descriptive and sociolinguistic puzzle to researchers have received ample coverage. And for the first time in the history of Ethiopian linguistics two chapters are dedicated to descriptive studies of Ethiopian Sign Language as well as two studies on acoustic phonetics. Topics range over a wide spectrum of issues covering the lexicon sociolinguistics socio-cultural aspects and micro-linguistic studies on the phonology morphology and syntax of Ethiopian languages.

Few literary phenomena are as elusive and yet as persistent as realism. While it responds to the perennial impulse to use literature to reflect on experience it also designates a specific set of literary and artistic practices that emerged in response to Western modernity. Landscapes of Realism is a two-volume collaborative interdisciplinary exploration of this vast territory bringing together leading-edge new criticism on the realist paradigms that were first articulated in nineteenth-century Europe but have since gone on globally to transform the literary landscape. Tracing the manifold ways in which these paradigms are developed discussed and contested across time space cultures and media this first volume tackles in its five core essays and twenty-five case studies such questions as why realism emerged when it did why and how it developed such a transformative dynamic across languages to what extent realist poetics remain central to art and popular culture after 1900 and how generally to reassess realism from a twenty-first-century comparative perspective.

This book traces the issue in argumentative discussions from its emergence to its evolution. The book makes use of naturally occurred data of spoken argumentation to investigate how an issue is raised and possibly negotiated in argumentative discussions between young children (aged 2 to 6 years) and adults. The author proposes a typology of the emergence of issues based on the argumentative agency of the interlocutors. Moreover the investigation sheds light on how issues evolve through negotiation among the involved interlocutors and how issues may be related to the interlocutors’ endoxa. By applying an interdisciplinary approach including argumentation theory (the pragma-dialectical model of a critical discussion and the Argumentum Model of Topics) as well as sociocultural developmental psychology this work allows for a careful consideration of the many aspects that come into play when young children start or engage in an argumentative discussions with adults.

This book investigates an important but under-researched aspect of dictionary making: the use of a controlled vocabulary in definitions. The main concern of the author is the role of a definition vocabulary in how foreign learners understand and perceive dictionary definitions. The author takes the reader through a detailed historical account of controlled vocabularies and examines definitions in a range of English dictionaries with respect to their vocabulary loads. He performs a series of experiments with university students to reveal merits and shortcomings of restricted vocabularies. This monograph has been written with the aim to fill a gap in the literature on defining vocabulary. It is intended for lexicographers dictionary editors course designers teachers and students as well as anyone who wishes to explain words in an intelligible way.

The chapters in this volume focus on how we might understand the concept of ‘unit’ in human languages. It is an analytical notion that has been widely adopted by linguists of various theoretical and applied orientations but has recently been critically examined by both typologically oriented and interactional linguistics. This volume contributes to and extends this discussion by examining the nature of units in actual usage in a range of genetically and typologically unrelated languages English Finnish Indonesian Japanese and Mandarin engaging with fundamental theoretical issues. The chapters show that categories originally created for the description of Indo-European languages have limited usefulness if our goal is to understand the nature of human language in general. The authors thus question the status of traditionally accepted linguistic units especially their static understanding as a priori entities and suggest instead that an emergent and interactional view of both structure and function offers a better fit with the data from the languages examined. Originally published as special issue 43:2 (2019) of Studies in Language.

While we tend to divide the world into Us and Them a number of grey nuances exist beyond this white and black distinction. The purpose of this book is to address the fuzzy areas between Us and Them through the study of European belonging as it is represented in the French elite daily Le Monde. Corpora collected from 2014 to 2017 are used for case studies in the framework of Discourse Analysis to look at the use of “Europe” in headlines and the representation of the United Kingdom Poland Hungary Romania Ukraine Belarus and Turkey. The combination of these case studies allows to present a conceptual framework for the representation of Europe by Le Monde. However beyond the study of what belonging to Europe means for Le Monde this book is about the legitimacy of being “in-between” i.e. belonging neither totally to Us nor to Them.

This cognitive contrastive study of ten languages (Chinese Dalabon English French Spanish Romanian Kurdish Khmer Polish Tibetan) focuses on the concept of giving from six main points of view namely argument structure lexical semantics and event structure role marking in the three argument construction and in other constructions lexicalization grammaticalization and constructionalization of the verb from a cognitive construction grammar point of view and central and extended meanings. It is proposed that a continuum approach to grammar and lexicon is needed in order to describe the typological and historical facts. The volume argues for a concrete and abstract transfer ‘cluster model’ involving coverage of lexical and grammatical extension or bleaching phenomena and that the semantic extensions (metaphorical and otherwise) exploit various portions of this schema. The volume is deeply anchored in the Cognitive Construction Grammar theoretical movement and proposes analyses of constructional phenomena to illustrate a grammar to lexicon continuum in synchrony and diachrony: language change grammaticalization chains constructionalization analysis and an invariant hypothesis of giving as a basic activity in human cognition.

OKAY has been termed ‘a spectacular expression’ and ‘America’s greatest invention.’ This volume offers an in-depth empirical study of the uses that have resulted from its global spread. Focusing on actions and interactional practices it investigates OKAY in a variety of settings in 13 languages. The collected work showcases the importance of a holistic analysis: prosodic realization and the placement of OKAY in its larger sequential and multimodal context emerge as constitutive for distinct uses in individual languages. An inductive approach makes it possible to identify practices not previously documented for example OKAY used for ‘qualified acceptance’ or as a ‘continuer’ and to document a core of recurrent similar uses across languages. This work also outlines new research directions for comparative analysis by offering first insights into the diachronic development of OKAY’s uses and the relationship of OKAY to other particles in specific languages.

The Corporate Terminologist is the first monograph that addresses the principles and methods for managing terminology in content production environments that are both demanding and multilingual such as those found in global companies and institutions. It describes the needs of large corporations and how those needs demand a new pragmatic approach to terminology management. The repurposability of terminology resources is a fundamental criterion that motivates the design selection and use of terminology management tools and has a bearing on the definition of termhood itself. The Corporate Terminologist describes and critiques the theories and methods informing terminology management today and practical considerations such as preparing an executive proposal designing a termbase and extracting terms from corpora are also covered. This book is intended for readers tasked with managing terminology in today’s challenging production environments for those studying translation and business communication and indeed for anyone interested in terminology as a discipline and practice.

Humans are adaptive beings. Gradually we have produced the fundamental capacities for our cooperation recognition of intentions and interaction which led to the development of language and culture. The present collective volume builds on an orientation to pragmatics as the sustained and principled human adaptability in interaction form and meaning. Working on different strands of such a socially oriented pragmatics the authors gathered in this volume study the adaptability of language as shaped by the conditions of society culture and cognition. Grouped in four sections the book’s chapters explore the embedding of adaptability in language ideology text communicative practice and learning. Adopting these various perspectives the authors gauge how language users navigate the different layers of societal cognitive and communicative constraints while adapting their communicative practices language ideologies and technologies of interaction to their everyday living conditions.

This study looks at the sociocultural context of five Italian regions and at the situational context of restaurant encounters (a sub-type of service encounters) to examine address variation in spoken Italian—with a focus on singular address pronouns tu voi and lei. It offers a thorough examination of distance and power dynamics between waiters and customers in a wide range of restaurant types. This book marks the introduction of Italian to the field of regional pragmatic variation and it will be of interest to linguists Italianists and researchers more broadly working on service encounters. The author offers a new dimension to the understanding of social interaction and language use in contemporary Italy uncovering cultural and linguistic differences between even adjacent geographical areas within a modern European nation state.

This book analyzes the construct of advanced proficiency in second language learning by bringing together empirical research from numerous linguistic domains and methodological traditions. Focusing on the dynamic nature of language use the volume explores diverse manifestations of high-level second language Spanish including performance on standardized proficiency assessments acquisition of late-acquired linguistic structures sophisticated language use in context and individual differences. Chapters relate empirical findings to current definitions of advancedness challenging scholars and practitioners to re-consider existing conceptualizations and propose possible directions for future research and teaching with second language speakers of Spanish. By addressing larger issues in the field of second language learning the volume is a valuable reference for language teachers scholars professionals and students with an interest in second language acquisition generally and second language Spanish more specifically.