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This integrated approach to the psychology of consciousness arises out of Mandler’s 1975 paper that was seminal in starting the current flood of interest in consciousness. The book starts with this paper followed by a novel psychological/evolutionary theoretical discussion of consciousness and then a historically oriented presentation of relevant functions of consciousness from memory to attention to emotion drawing in part on Mandler’s publications between 1975 and 2000.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The manuscript is controversial; it is outspoken and often judgmental. The book does not address speculations about the neurophysiological/brain bases of consciousness arguing that these are premature and it is highly critical of philosophical speculations often ungrounded in any empirical observations. In short it is a psychological approach — pure and simple.

This volume takes stock of current research in contrastive lexical studies. It reflects the growing interest in corpus-based approaches to the study of lexis in particular the use of multilingual corpora shared by researchers working in widely differing fields — contrastive linguistics lexicology lexicography terminology computational linguistics and machine translation. The articles in the volume which cover a wide diversity of languages are divided into four main sections: the exploration of cross-linguistic equivalence contrastive lexical semantics corpus-based multilingual lexicography and translation and parallel concordancing. The volume also contains a lengthy introduction to recent trends in contrastive lexical studies written by the editors of the volume Bengt Altenberg and Sylviane Granger.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

While there have been many attempts in the literature to account for the semantics and syntax of individual German(ic)prefixes this is the first time that the prefixes have been analysed in a unified way and a framework established that is capable of relating the prefixes to each other and to other areas of the grammar.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The templates provide the means whereby a State/Change of State feature interacts with Figure and Ground arguments to generate prefixed verbs noun- and adjective-incorporating verbs and oblique case marking on the complements of simplex verbs and adjectives.<br/>This book presents a new and potentially powerful theory of lexical morphology that will be of interest not only to morphologists and those working on the grammar of German but also syntacticians working on the Locative and Dative Alternations and linguists whose prime concern is the organization of the lexicon and the realization of the semantics of change of state predicates.

In this volume gender is seen as a communicative achievement and as a social category interacting with other social parametres such as age status prestige institutional and ethnic frameworks cultural and situative contexts. The authors come from a variety of backgrounds such as sociology of communication anthropological linguistics sociolinguistics social psychology and text linguistics. Masculinity and femininity are conceived of as varying culturally historically and contextually. All contributions discuss empirical research of communication and the question of whether (and how) gender is a salient variable in discourse. So one aim of the book is to trace the varying relevance of gender in interaction. Emotion politics ideology body concepts and speech styles are related to ethnographic description of the contexts within which communication takes <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>place. These contexts range from private to public communication and from mixed-sex to same-sex conversations framed by different cultural backgrounds (Australian German Georgian Turkish US-American). <br/>

This is the second of a three-volume comprehensive reference work on “Gender across Languages” which provides systematic descriptions of various categories of gender (grammatical lexical referential social) in 30 languages of diverse genetic typological and socio-cultural backgrounds. Among the issues discussed for each language are the following: What are the structural properties of the language that have an impact on the relations between language and gender? What are the consequences for areas such as agreement pronominalisation and word-formation? How is specification of and abstraction from (referential) gender achieved in a language? Is empirical evidence available for the assumption that masculine/male expressions are interpreted as generics? Can tendencies of variation and change be observed and have alternatives been proposed for a more equal linguistic treatment of women and men? This volume (and the previous two volumes) will provide the much-needed basis for explicitly comparative analyses of gender across languages. All chapters are original contributions and follow a common general outline developed by the editors. The book contains rich bibliographical and indexical material.Languages of Volume 2: Chinese Dutch Finnish Hindi Icelandic Italian Norwegian Spanish Vietnamese Welsh.

A collection of stimulating studies on the past the present and the future of consciousness Consciousness Evolving contributes to understanding some of the most important conceptual problems of our time. The advent of the modern synthesis together with the human genome project affords a platform for considering what it is that makes humans distinctive. Beginning with an essay that accents the nature of the problem within a behavioristic framework and concluding with reflections on the prospects for a form of immortality through serial cloning the chapters are divided into three sections which concern how and why consciousness may have evolved special capacities involving language creativity and mentality as candidates for evolved adaptations and the prospects for artificial evolution though the design of robots with specific forms of consciousness and mind. This volume should appeal to every reader who wants to better understand the human species including its distinctive properties and its place in nature. (Series A)

This volume based on the first two identifies the verbal and nonverbal personal and environmental components of narrative and dramaturgic texts and the cinema — recreated in the first through the ‘reading act’ according to gaze mechanism and punctuation — and traces the coding-decoding processes of the characters’ semiotic-communicative itinerary between writer-creator and reader-recreator. In our total experience of a play or film we depend on the sensory and intellectual relationships between performers audience and the environment of both in a temporal dimension starting on the way to the theater and ending as one comes out. Two chapters discuss the speaking face and body of the characters and the explicit and implicit (at times ‘unstageable’) paralanguage kinesics and quasiparalinguistic and extrasomatic and environmental sounds in the novel the theater and the cinema and the functions of personal and environmental silences. Another shows the functions limitations and problems of punctuation systems in the creative-recreative processes and how a few new symbols and modifications would avoid some ambiguities. The stylistic communicative and technical functions of nonverbal repertoires in the literary text are then identified as enriching critical analysis and offering new perspectives in translation. Finally ‘literary anthropology’ (developed by the author in the 1970s) is is presented as an interdisciplinary area based on synchronic and diachronic analyses of the literatures of the different cultures as a source of anthropological and ethnological data. Nearly 1200 quotes from 170 authors and 291 works are added to those in the first two volumes.

This volume focuses on two main topics: comparative morphology (i.e. cross-linguistic analysis including typology dialectology and diachrony) and psycholinguistics (i.e. on-line processing off-line experiments child language). Since the psycholinguistic papers of this volume consistently refer to issues of grammatical theory and many of the contributions on morphological theory consider psycholinguistic questions the topics are interconnected.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Both inflectional and derivational morphology are dealt with. The volume spans a broad set of languages of the world such as African Amerindian Arabic and Chukotko-Kamchatkan in addition to the Indo-European languages.<br/>This volume differs from the other collective volumes on morphology both by the breadth of topics and by great integration of theoretical and methodological perspectives.<br/>

Two issues little discussed in the generative literature are the internal structure of pronouns and what it is in Syntax that triggers pronominal reference. This monograph treats these two topics in detail and investigates whether pronominal (strong weak and clitic pronouns) and related elliptical expressions can be given a unified syntactic representation. The answer derived from a wealth of cross-linguistic evidence is largely affirmative: pronominals include a semantically empty noun as part of their internal structure. The case of null subjects in ‘pro-drop’ languages is also examined and it is argued that they are not empty pronominal categories but rather the reflex of a ‘verbal determiner’. Finally using the internal structure of pronouns as a sort of ‘litmus paper’ the book explores the relationship between functional and lexical heads as well as the notions of selection and licensing in syntax and offers new insights into the categorial status of functional categories.

There is growing recognition that ‘context’ is important for bilingual language development but understanding of that context remains underdeveloped. This innovative study spanning the fields of bilingualism ethnicity and family studies shows how language use in intermarried families is deeply intertwined with the experience of everyday childrearing in specific socio-historical contexts. This is why despite good intentions expert advice and effort bilingual-child rearing often encounters difficulties. Conversely drawing on in-depth interviews of twenty eight Japanese mother — British father families in the UK the study uses a focus on language issues to portray actual childrearing dynamics and ‘situated ethnicity’ in intermarried families. Presenting a vivid picture of the ‘invisible work’ of mothers in these families and how they attempt to resolve conflicting pressures and demands over childrearing language and education the author shows the importance of ‘recognition’ and shared responsibility. This book will interest researchers practitioners and parents interested in bilingualism ethnically diverse families and multicultural education.