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Prosody is constitutive for spoken interaction. In more than 25 years its study has grown into a full-fledged and very productive field with a sound catalogue of research methods and principles. This volume presents the state of the art illustrates current research trends and uncovers potential directions for future research. It will therefore be of major interest to everyone studying spoken interaction. The collection brings together an impressive range of internationally renowned scholars from different yet closely related and compatible research traditions which have made a significant contribution to the field. They cover issues such as the units of language the contextualization of actions and activities conversational modalities and genres the display of affect and emotion the multimodality of interaction language acquisition and aphasia. All contributions are based on empirical audio- and/or video-recorded data of natural talk-in-interaction including languages such as English German and Japanese. The methodologies employed come from Ethnomethodology Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics.

The complex diachronic and synchronic status of the concepts be and have can be understood only with consideration of their full range of constructions and functions. Data from modern Slavic languages (Russian Czech Polish Bulgarian) provides a window into zero copulas non-verbal have expressions and verbal constructions. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics be and have are analyzed in terms of a blended prototype model wherein existence/copula for be and possession/relationship for have are inseparably combined. These concepts are related to each other in their functions and meanings and serve as organizing principles in a conceptual network of semantic neighbors including give take get become make and verbs of position and motion. Renewal and replacement of be and have occur through processes of polysemization and suppletization involving lexical items in this network. Topics include polysemy suppletion tense/mood auxiliaries modality causatives evidentiality function words contact phenomena syntactic calques and idiomatic constructions.

This volume is the first dedicated to the growing field of theory and research on second language processing and parsing. The fourteen papers in this volume offer cutting-edge research using a number of different languages (e.g. Arabic Spanish Japanese French German English) and structures (e.g. relative clauses wh-gaps gender number) to examine various issues in second language processing: first language influence whether or not non-natives can achieve native-like processing the roles of context and prosody the effects of working memory and others. The researchers include both established scholars and newer voices all offering important insights into the factors that affect processing and parsing in a second language.

This volume explores a highly topical issue in second and foreign language education: the spreading practice in mainstream education to teach content subjects through a foreign language. CLIL has been enthusiastically embraced as a language enrichment measure in many contexts and finally research can offer principled insights into its dynamics and potentials. The editors’ introductory and concluding chapters offer a synthesis of current CLIL research as well as a critical discussion of unresolved issues relating both to theoretical concerns and research practice. The individual contributions by authors from a range of European contexts report on current empirical research in this dynamic field. The focus of these chapters ranges from theoretical to empirical from learning outcomes to classroom talk examining both the written and spoken mode across secondary and tertiary educational contexts. This volume is a valuable resource not only for researchers and teachers but also for policy makers.

The Austronesian language family is the largest language family in the world yet its members are relatively little studied particularly from a formal perspective. Interestingly because these languages exhibit typologically unusual properties they pose important challenges to linguistic theory. Any theory that postulates a grammar that is common to all languages must take into account the particular characteristics of this language family. The contributions to this volume comprise five chapters on phonology and twelve chapters on syntax all addressing aspects of these Austronesian challenges. The volume presents new data new analyses of old data and comparisons of closely related languages as well as comparisons to languages outside of the language family. Taken together they form a unique picture of Austronesian linguistics. This volume will be of interest to researchers and students in phonetics phonology morphology syntax and language typology as well as scholars of Austronesian languages.

This collective volume focuses on the crucial role of formal evidence in recognizing and explaining instances of grammaticalization. It addresses the hitherto neglected issue of system-internal factors steering grammaticalization and also revisits formal recognition criteria such as Lehmann and Hopper’s parameters of grammaticalization. The articles investigate developments of such phenomena as modal auxiliaries attitudinal markers V1-conditionals nominalizers and pronouns using data from a wide range of languages and (in some cases) from diachronic corpora. In the process they explore finer mechanisms of grammaticalization such as modification of coding means structural and semantic analogy changes in frequency and prosody and shifts in collocational and grammatical distribution. The volume is of particular interest to historical linguists working on grammaticalization and general linguists working on the interface between syntax semantics and pragmatics as well as that between synchrony and diachrony.

This collective volume explores clause-linkage strategies in a cross-linguistic perspective with greater emphasis on subordination. Part I presents some theoretical reassessment of syntactic terminologies and distinctive criteria for subordination as well as typological methods based on sets of variables and statistics allowing cross-linguistic comparability. Part II deals with strategies relating to clause-chaining conjunctive conjugations converbial constructions masdars. Part III centers on the interaction between the syntax pragmatics and semantics of clause-linking and subordination in relation to informa­tional structure to referential hierarchy and correlative constructions. Part IV presents insights in the clause-linking and subordinating functions of some T.A.M. markers verbal inflectional morphology and conjugation systems which may also interact with informa­tional hierarchy via the backgrounding effects and lack of illocutionary force of some aspect and mood forms. The volume is of particular interest to linguists and typologists working on clause-linkage systems and on the interface between syntax pragmatics and semantics.

This volume contains a selection of twenty-four peer-reviewed papers from the 39th annual Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL) held at the University of Arizona in 2009. Contributions cover a wide variety of topics in the areas of phonology phonetics syntax morphology and diachronic Romance linguistics with an emphasis on language variation and change. Among the languages and varieties of Romance analyzed are Spanish French Italian Portuguese Romanian Catalan Old French Old Occitan and Hispano-Romance.The research in this volume points to a cohesiveness in Romance linguistics that lies in the integration of up-to-date linguistic research with a comparative tradition and the in-depth study of a language family. The work presented will be of interest to scholars of Romance linguistics and of linguistics alike.

This volume assembles a significant number of selected papers that were presented at the 22nd edition of Going Romance held at the University of Groningen in December 2008. Though it contains a variety of topics 'tense mood and aspect' is represented most extensively. This volume contains a rich variety of Romance languages: Cape Verdean European Portuguese French Italian Romanian and Spanish. The collection of papers is representative of the research carried out nowadays on Romance languages within theoretical linguistics and shows the vitality of this research.

This original research applies semiotics to linguistic and non-linguistic segments in a text in search of potential correlations between them. The resultant mapping is applied to cases of gesture-word mismatches that are evident in conflict situations. The current study adopts the word systems approach a sign-based theory that is naturally designed for the analysis of linguistic signs and extends it to non-linguistic units borrowing analytical tools from the field of dance movement therapy. The variety of interdisciplinary metaphorical and literal interpretations of the analyzed signs enriches the theoretical framework and facilitates examination of the instances of mismatches. Hence this study makes a meaningful contribution to the understanding of linguistic/non-linguistic mismatches in situations of conflict. Further it makes more general claims: the semiotic system underlying this study paves the way for further research of correlations (or lack thereof) between a range of phenomena cutting across sociology sociolinguistics psycholinguistics and political science.

Understanding sociolinguistics as a theoretical and methodological framework hopefully could attempt to promote change and social development in human communities. Yet it still presents important political epistemological methodological and theoretical challenges. A sociolinguistics of development in which the revitalization of linguistic communities is the priority opens new perspectives for the emerging field of linguistic documentation in which the societal aspects of research stressed by sociolinguistics have frequently been marginal. The need to focus on the documentation of linguistic communities to contribute to the revitalization of these communities requires an in-depth revision of a number of different perspectives. Especially regarding the links between commonly separated fields of enquiry such as sociolinguistics documentation and revitalization. Instead of creating mere museum pieces of academic contemplation for the future as has been the major trend up to now in language documentation and even sociolinguistics there is a growing concern to join forces to revitalize the actual use of endangered languages in order to place languages as a main focus of a community’s development which constitutes a major challenge for both scholars civil society and speakers alike.

Language is recognized as an instrument of communication and thought. Under the shadow of prevailing investigation of language as a communicative means its function as a tool for thinking has long been neglected in empirical research vis-à-vis philosophical discussions. Language manifests itself differently when there is no interlocutor to communicate and interact. How is it similar and how does it differ in these two situations—communication and thought? Soliloquy in Japanese and English analyzes experimentally-obtained soliloquy data in Japanese and in English and explores the potential utility of such data for delving into this uncharted territory. It deals with five topics in which elimination from discourse of an addressee is particularly relevant and significant. Four are derived from Japanese: the sentence-final particles ne and yo deixis and anaphora gendered speech linguistic politeness; the fifth topic is the use of the second person pronoun you in soliloquy in English.

This is corpus linguistics with a text linguistic focus. The volume concerns lexical inequality the fact that some words and phrases share the quality of being key – and thereby reflect or promote important themes – in some textual contexts while others do not. The patterning of words which differ in their centrality to text meaning is of increasing interest to corpus linguistics. At the same time software resources are yielding increasingly more detailed ways of identifying and studying the linkages between key words and phrases in text databases. This volume brings together work from some of the leading researchers in this field. It presents thirteen studies organized in three sections the first containing a series of studies exploring the nature of keyness itself then a set of five studies looking at keyness in specific discourse contexts and then three studies with an educational focus.

The ten volumes of the Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific philosophical cognitive grammatical cultural interactional or discursive angles this sixth volume focuses on the dynamic aspects of language and reviews the relevant developments in variationist and diachronic scholarship. The areas explored in the volume concern several general themes: specific methodological approaches from comparative reconstruction to evolutionary pragmatics; issues in intra-lingual variation in terms of standard and non-standard varieties; cross-linguistic variation including its cross-cultural dimension; and the study of diachronic relations across linguistic patterns including changes in all areas of pragmatic patterns and categories. The contributions document two prominent and interrelated trends that shape contemporary variationist and diachronic research. One it has moved from situating change within context-independent systems toward incorporating patterns of language use and the speaker’s role in language change. And two it has reoriented its focus away from cataloguing instances of variation and toward seeking theoretically informed accounts that aim at explaining variation and change. On the whole the volume argues for accepting and developing actively a systematic connection between research in diachrony synchronic variation and typology while also incorporating the socio-cognitive perspective in linguistic analysis as a particularly promising source of useful methodology and explanatory models.

Based on the analysis of conversations between French and Australian English speakers discussing various topics including their experiences as non-native speakers in France or Australia this book combines subjective personal testimonies with an objective linguistic analysis of the expression of opinion in discourse.

It offers a new perspective on French and Australian English interactional style by examining the discourse markers I think je pense je crois and je trouve. It is shown that the prosody intonation unit position and the surrounding context of these markers are all fundamental to their function and meaning in interaction. In addition this book offers the first detailed comparative semantic study of the three comparative French expressions in interaction.

The book will appeal to all those interested in linguistics French and Australian English interactional style cross-cultural communication and discourse analysis. Students and teachers of French will be interested in the semantic analysis of the French expressions the authentic interactional data and the personal testimonies of the participants.

This volume is concerned with assessing fictional and non-fictional written texts as linguistic evidence for earlier forms of varieties of English. These range from Scotland to New Zealand from Canada to South Africa covering all the major forms of the English language around the world. Central to the volume is the question of how genuine written representations are. Here the emphasis is on the techniques and methodology which can be employed when analysing documents. The vernacular styles found in written documents and the use of these as a window on earlier spoken modes of different varieties represent a focal concern of the book. Studies of language in literature which were offered in the past have been revisited and their findings reassessed in the light of recent advances in variationist linguistics.

As a meaningful manifestation of how institutionalized the discipline has become the new Handbook of Translation Studies is most welcome. It joins the other signs of maturation such as Summer Schools the development of academic curricula historical surveys journals book series textbooks terminologies bibliographies and encyclopedias.



The HTS aims at disseminating knowledge about translation and interpreting and providing easy access to a large range of topics traditions and methods to a relatively broad audience: not only students who often adamantly prefer such user-friendliness researchers and lecturers in Translation Studies Translation & Interpreting professionals; but also scholars and experts from other disciplines (among which linguistics sociology history psychology). In addition the HTS addresses any of those with a professional or personal interest in the problems of translation interpreting localization editing etc. such as communication specialists journalists literary critics editors public servants business managers (intercultural) organization specialists media specialists marketing professionals.

The usability accessibility and flexibility of the HTS depend on the commitment of people who agree that Translation Studies does matter. All users are therefore invited to share their feedback. Any questions remarks and suggestions for improvement can be sent to the editorial team at [email protected].

Next to the book edition (in printed and electronic PDF format) HTS is also available as an online resource connected with the Translation Studies Bibliography. For access to the Handbook of Translation Studies Online please visit http://www.benjamins.com/online/hts/ .

Designed for students of applied linguistics and second language acquisition on research training courses practising language teachers and those in training this combination textbook/workbook is a set or recommended textbook on more than a hundred undergraduate and postgraduate courses worldwide. Now in its second edition it remains the only book to provide specific advice and support to those wishing to learn a methodical approach to the critical analysis of a research paper. It seeks to answer a current need in the literature for a set of procedures that can be applied to the independent reading of quantitative research. Innovative features of the workbook include awareness-raising reading tasks and guided exercises to help develop and practise the critical skills required to appraise papers independently. Through informed and constructive appraisal of others’ work readers themselves are shown how to become more research literate to discover new areas for investigation and to organise and present their own work more effectively for publication and peer evaluation. This revised second edition sees a closer integration of the text-and workbook and a number of additions to the text itself as well as further guided and unguided research appraisal exercises.

It has become increasingly clear that metaphor needs to be explored in terms of the social and discourse context in which it is used especially where the aim is to address real-world problems. The notion of 'real world' metaphor research has been developed to describe this important area of investigation. This book starts by describing the nature and scope of real world metaphor research and then illustrates through 17 detailed mainly empirically-based studies the different areas it can apply to and different methodologies that can be employed. Research problems are explored in areas such as artificial intelligence language teaching and learning reconciliation dialogue university lecture discourse poetry and wine description. Methods include corpus analysis experimentation discourse analysis cross-cultural analysis and genre analysis. In each case the empirical studies refer back to Gibbs's opening overview of real-world research. The result is an invaluable and cross-referenced collection of papers addressing real-world problems.

This book investigates how Japanese participants accommodate to and make use of genre-specific characteristics to make stories tellable create interpersonal involvement negotiate responsibility and show their personal selves. The analyses of storytelling in casual conversation animation narratives television talk shows survey interviews and large university lectures focus on participation/participatory framework topical coherence involvement knowledge the story recipient’s role prosody and nonverbal behavior. Story tellers across genre are shown to use linguistic/paralinguistic (prosody reported speech style shifting demonstratives repetition ellipsis co-construction connectives final particles onomatopoeia) and nonverbal (gesture gaze head nodding) devices to involve their recipients and recipients also use a multiple of devices (laughter repetition responsive forms posture changes) to shape the development of the stories. Nonverbal behavior proves to be a rich resource and constitutive feature of storytelling across genre. The analyses also shed new light on grammar across genre (ellipsis demonstratives clause combining) and illustrate a variety of methods for studying genre.

Fillers are items that speakers insert in spontaneous speech as a repair strategy. Types of fillers include hesitation markers and placeholders. Both are used to fill pauses that arise during planning problems or in lexical retrieval failure. However while hesitation markers may not bear any resemblance to lexical items they replace placeholders typically share some morphosyntactic properties with the target form. Additionally fillers can function as a pragmatic tool in order to replace lexical items that the speaker wants to avoid mentioning for some reason. The present volume is the first collection on the topic of fillers and will be a useful reference work for future investigations on the topic. It consists of typological surveys and in-depth studies exploring the form and use of fillers across languages and sections of different populations including cognitively impaired speakers. The volume will be interesting to typologists and linguists working in discourse studies.

This volume contains a selection of papers on grammaticalization from a broad perspective. Some of the papers focus on basic concepts in grammaticalization research such as the concept of 'grammar' as the endpoint of grammaticalization processes erosion (uni)directionality the relation between grammaticalization and constructions subjectification and the relation between grammaticalization and analogy. Other papers shed a critical light on grammaticalization as an explanatory parameter in language change. New case studies of micro-processes of grammaticalization complete the selection. The empirical evidence for (and against) grammaticalization comes from diverse domains: subject control clitics reciprocal markers pronouns and agreement markers gender markers auxiliaries aspectual categories intensifying adjectives and determiners and pragmatic markers. The languages covered include English and its varieties German Dutch Italian Spanish French Slavonic languages and Turkish. The book will be valuable to scholars working on grammaticalization and language change as well as to those interested in individual languages.

The concept of theory of mind (ToM) a hot topic in cognitive psychology for the past twenty-five years has gained increasing importance in the fields of linguistics and pragmatics. However even though the relationship between ToM and verbal communication is now recognized the extent causality and full implications of this connection remain mostly to be explored. This book presents a comprehensive discussion of the interface between language communication and theory of mind and puts forward an innovative proposal regarding the role of discourse connectives for this interface. The proposed analysis of connectives is tested from the perspective of their acquisition using empirical methods such as corpus analysis and controlled experiments thus placing the study of connectives within the emerging framework of experimental pragmatics.

The ten volumes of Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific philosophical cognitive grammatical cultural variational interactional or discursive angles this seventh volume underlines the mutually constitutive relation between society and language use. It highlights a number of the most prominent approaches of this relation and it draws attention to a selected number of topics that the study of language in its social context has characteristically brought to bear. Despite their theoretical and methodological differences each of the chapters in this book assumes that it is necessary to look at society and language use as interdependent phenomena and that by attending to microscopic linguistic phenomena one is also keeping a finger on the pulse of broader macroscopic social tendencies that at the same time facilitate and constrain language use. The introduction provides a sketch of the intellectual antecedents of the volume’s two ‘mother disciplines’ viz. linguistics and social theory before pointing at recent common ground in the rising attention for discourse and what has come to be called ‘late-modernity’.

This volume presents original comparative and contrastive research into various aspects of information structure (topic focus contrastivity givenness anaphoricity) as well as into forms and structures whose realisation depends on information-structural factors (clefts dislocations reflexives null subjects prosodic features interrogatives) in a number of different languages (Catalan English French Georgian German Hebrew Hungarian). Each contribution emphasises differences or commonalities between the languages under investigation with respect to the realisation of information structural categories or with respect to the information structural implications of a given form or structure. The specific comparative-contrastive perspective of the volume makes a substantial contribution towards a better understanding of language specific and universal aspects of information structure. It raises significant questions and provides solutions for the formal representation and the functional properties of information structural categories.