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Originally published as a special issue of Journal of Historical Pragmatics 10:2 (2009) this is the first book to map out historical sociopragmatics a multidisciplinary field located within historical pragmatics but overlapping with socially-oriented fields such as sociolinguistics and critical discourse analysis. Historical sociopragmatics has a central focus on historical language use in its situational contexts and how those situational contexts engender norms which speakers engage or exploit for pragmatic purposes. The chapters represent a range of ways in which historical sociopragmatics can be understood and investigated. The reader will find English texts from the 15th century through to the 18th a variety of genres (including personal correspondence trial proceedings and plays) and both qualitative and (corpus-based) quantitative analyses. Importantly attention is given to how contexts can be (re)constructed from written records a sine qua non of the field. It will appeal to advanced-level students and scholars with interests in pragmatics especially socially-oriented pragmatics and/or historical linguistics especially the history of English.

This volume further elaborates the empirical tradition of Columbia School (CS) Linguistics by offering diverse empirical analyses for a wide variety of languages. These studies open a much needed debate advocating the necessity of the independent validation of linguistic hypotheses. This research exemplifies how such a validation should be conducted by determining which forms underlie the analyses and extracting those observations that are considered to be objective. The volume consists of two parts: a section on synchronic and diachronic grammatical problems and a section on Phonology as Human Behavior (PHB) the Columbia School version of phonology applied to evolutionary developmental and clinical issues and the phonotactics of the selected lexicon of a literary text. It provides a wealth of useful empirical data and in-depth and sophisticated qualitative and quantitative analyses of a broad range of languages from diverse families: French Spanish Afrikaans Dutch English Polish Russian Japanese and Hebrew.

Landscape is fundamental to human experience. Yet until recently the study of landscape has been fragmented among the disciplines. This volume focuses on how landscape is represented in language and thought and what this reveals about the relationships of people to place and to land. Scientists of various disciplines such as anthropologists geographers information scientists linguists and philosophers address several questions including: Are there cross-cultural and cross-linguistic variations in the delimitation classification and naming of geographic features? Can alternative world-views and conceptualizations of landscape be used to produce culturally-appropriate Geographic Information Systems (GIS)? Topics included: ontology of landscape; landscape terms and concepts; toponyms; spiritual aspects of land and landscape terms; research methods; ethical dimensions of the research; and its potential value to indigenous communities involved in this type of research.

Ute is a Uto-Aztecan language of the northernmost (Numic) branch currently spoken on three reservations in western Colorado and eastern Utah. Like many other native languages of Northern America Ute is severely endangered. This book is part of the effort toward its preservation. Typologically Ute offers a cluster of intriguing features best viewed from the perspective of diachronic change and grammaticalization. The book presents a comprehensive synchronic description of grammatical structures and their communicative functions as well as a diachronic account of a grammar in the midst of change. The book is the first of a 3-volume series which also includes a collection of oral texts and a dictionary. Ute speakers and tribal members may find in the present volume a step-by-step description of how words are combined into meaningful communication. Linguists may find a detailed account of one language an account that is unabashedly informed by universals of grammar communication and change.

This volume focuses on different aspects of language development. The contributions are concerned with similarities and differences between first and second language acquisition the acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories cross-linguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition as well as the relation between language acquisition language contact and diachronic change. The recurrent topic of the volume is the link between linguistic variation and the limitation of structural variability in the framework of a well-defined theory of language. In this respect the volume opens up new perspectives for future research.

This monograph addresses two issues phases and adverbials. It proposes that there is a correlation between the phase structure the tripartite quantificational structure and the information structure of the sentence. This correlation plays an important role not only in referential and information-structural properties of arguments and the verb but also in adverbial properties. For instance the study shows that certain sentence adverbials can occur in the sentence-final position in the vP phase when they represent the extreme value with respect to the set of focus alternatives. The proposed correlation also becomes important in anaphoric relations with respect to adjuncts. Only an R-expression spelled out and interpreted in the CP phase of an adjunct clause can corefer with the coindexed pronoun. The study also discusses adverbial ordering and shows that the relative order of certain adverbials can be reversed if they occur in different phases. The monograph will appeal to syntacticians and linguists interested in the relationship between syntax and its interfaces.

This volume explores the translation of literary and humorous style including comedy irony satire parody and the grotesque from Italian to English and vice versa. The innovative and interdisciplinary theoretical approach places the focus on creativity and playful rewriting as central to the translation of humour. Analysing translations of works by Rosa Cappiello Dario Fo Will Self and Anthony Burgess the author explores literary translation as a form of exchange between translated and receiving cultures. In a final case study she recounts her own strategies in translating the work of Milena Agus exploring humour creation and recreation from the perspective of the translator and demonstrating the benefits of critical engagement with both the theory and the practice of translation. This unique contribution to the study of humour and literary style in translation will be of interest to scholars of translation humour comparative literature and literary and cultural studies.

This is the first empirical study to focus on adjectives complemented by that-clauses. The in-depth analysis of more than 50000 cases taken from the British National Corpus gives comprehensive insights into hitherto neglected relations of lexis and grammar. The result of this corpus-driven study is a novel classification of adjectives based on co-occurrence patterns and corroborated with the help of statistical means. The inductive analysis of corpus data offers new perspectives on and innovative descriptions of well-known phenomena of English grammar such as extraposition or the resultative construction so…that. It is based on a new methodological approach which looks at mutual relations of both lexis and grammar in unprecedented ways.

Bringing together fifteen articles by scholars in Europe and North America this collection aims to represent and advance studies in historical lexis. It highlights the significance of the understanding of dictionary-making and language-making as important socio-cultural phenomena. With its general focus on England and English the book investigates the reception and development of historical and modern English vocabulary and culture in different periods social and professional strata geographical varieties of English and other national cultures. The volume is based on individual (meta)lexicographical etymological lexicosemantic and corpus studies representing two large areas of research: the first part focuses on the history of dictionaries analysing them in diachrony from the first professional dictionaries of the Baroque period via Enlightenment and Romanticism to exploring the possibilities of the new online lexicographical publications; and the second part looks at the interfaces between etymology semantic development and word-formation on the one hand and changes in society and culture on the other.

China’s emergence has generated a wave of interest in interpreting and interpreter training. First published as a Special Issue of Interpreting (11:2 2009) this collection of papers by six leading researchers from the Chinese Mainland Hong Kong Taiwan and overseas some based on recent PhDs explores topics as diverse as historical conceptions of the interpreter’s role interaction with linguistic minorities methods for training and assessment and negotiating hazards like speed register or the cultural divide in conference courtroom and community. The volume also includes an Editor’s foreword contextualising the Chinese interpreting scene for the international reader an overview of the fast evolving landscape of interpreter training and research in China and two critical reviews of textbooks used in home-grown training programmes.

This book presents papers in honor of Jerry Sadock’s rich legacy in pragmatics and Autolexical Grammar. Highlights of the pragmatics section include Larry Horn on almost barely and assertoric inertia; William Lycan on Sadock’s resolution of the Performadox with truth₁ and truth₂; and Jay Atlas on Moore’s Paradox and the truth value of propositions of belief. Highlights of the Autolexical Grammar section include Fritz Newmeyer’s comparison of the minimalist autolexical and transformational treatments of English nominals; Barbara Abott’s extension of Sadock’s PRO-less syntax to a PRO-less semantics of the infinitival complements of know how; and Haj Ross’s syntactic connections between semantically related English pseudoclefts. Encompassing a range of languages (Aleut Bangla Greenlandic Japanese and a home-based sign language) and extending into psycholinguistics (language acquisition sentence processing and autism) this volume will interest a range of readers from theoretical linguists and philosophers of language to applied linguists and exotic language specialists.

Karl Bühler (1879–1963) was one of the leading theoreticians of language of the twentieth century. Although primarily a psychologist Bühler devoted much of his attention to the study of language and language theory. His masterwork Sprachtheorie (1934) quickly gained recognition in the fields of linguistics semiotics the philosophy of language and the psychology of language. This new edition of the English translation of Bühler’s theory begins with a survey on ‘Bühler’s legacy’ for modern linguistics (Werner Abraham) followed by the Theory of Language and finally with a special ‘Postscript: Twenty-five Years Later …’ (Achim Eschbach). Bühler’s theory is divided into four parts. Part I discusses the four axioms or principles of language research the most famous of which is the first the organon model the base of Bühler's instrumental view of language. Part II treats the role of indexicality in language and discusses deixis as one determinant of speech. Part III examines the symbolic field dealing with context onomatopoeia and the function of case. Part IV deals with the elements of language and their organization (syllabification the definition of the word metaphor anaphora etc).The text is accompanied by an Introduction (Achim Eschbach); Translator's preface (Donald Fraser Goodwin); Glossary of terms; and a Bibliography of cited works.

Geistesgeschichtlich ist die große Vergangenheit des lateinischen Aristotelismus immer noch unbewältigt. Die vorliegende Teiledition eines Cursus philosophicus von 1653/55 [Ms. BU Salamanca 1351-52] dokumentiert den regen Schulbetrieb zu Lockes Zeit. Etwas ‚metaphysische‘ zu betrachten das hieß im Suarezismus es gerade unter Bezug auf unser Denken zu betrachten: quoad nostros conceptus (Arriaga). In diesem erkenntnistheoretischen Sinn ‚metaphysische‘ Abhandlungen sind hier zusammengestellt. Hauptfrage: Hat das Urteil schon diesseits des Wahrheitsbezugs einen eigenen Gegenstandsbezug? Die Psychologie des Urteils erscheint systematisch verknüpft mit der Ontologie des Irrealen (ens rationis ratiocinantis). Der Autor González de Santalla sonst immer nur der Märtyrer der Gesinnungsethik wird als Scholastiker vorgestellt. Die intellektuelle Biographie dieses Jesuiten konzentriert sich auf seine philosophiepolitische Aktivität: Ab 1687 war er der Chef jenes globalen Bildungskonzerns der damals über sechshundert Schulen und Hochschulen unterhielt. Hundert Jahre später war diese Institution die Societas Jesu vom Erdboden verschwunden.

Interessenten: Philosophen Mediävisten Romanisten Theologen Kulturhistoriker

In order to trace Psychologism particularly the 18th-century‚ perception theory of judgment‘ (G. Nuchelmans) a case is made for a fair appreciation of the Aristotelian school philosophy during Locke’s life time. From a hitherto unknown Jesuit Cursus Philosophicus of 1653/55 a substantial portion of its disputations on Logic Psychology and Metaphysics is edited. A remarkable refutation of Suárez’s classical account of the beings of reason reveals the systematic connection between any theory of judgment and the ideas on how to make sense of the chimaeras. This time González de Santalla otherwise famous for his firm stand against ethical Probabilism is presented as an epistemologist. His intellectual biography focuses on the schoolman and on a future Jesuit General‘s (1687-1703) educational policy who tried to keep the standards of school philosophy.

Readers: Scholars interested in mediaeval and modern philosophy in the history of higher education and hispanists.

The ten volumes of Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific cognitive grammatical social cultural variational interactional or discursive angles this 10th volume focuses on the interface between pragmatics and philosophy and reviews the philosophical background from which pragmatics has taken inspiration and with which it is constantly confronted. It provides the reader with information about authors relevant to the development of pragmatics trends or areas in philosophy that are relevant for the definition of the main concepts in pragmatics or the characterization of its cultural context the neighbouring field of semantics (with particular respect to truth-conditional semantics and some main branches of formal semantics) and recent philosophical debates that involve pragmatic notions such as indexicality and context. While most of the references are to the analytic philosophical field also perspectives in so-called continental philosophy are taken into account. The introductory chapter outlines some unifying routes of reflection as regards meaning speech as action and self and mind and suggests some connections between doing pragmatics and doing philosophy.

In recent years a lively debate ensued on an old issue namely the proper distinction between semantics and pragmatics against the background of the classical Gricean distinction between ‘what is said’ and ‘what is implicated’. From a linguist’s point of view however there has always been a regrettable lack of empirical data in this otherwise sophisticated debate. Recently a new strand of research emerged under the name of experimental pragmatics the attempt to gain experimental data on pragmatic and semantic issues by using psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic methods. This volume brings together work by scholars engaging in experimental research on the semantics/pragmatics distinction. The contribution of experimental pragmatics to pragmatic and semantic theory is discussed from a number of different angles ranging from implicature and pragmatic enrichment to pragmatic acquisition pragmatic impairment and pragmatic processing. In addition methodological issues are discussed. The contributions will appeal to theoretical linguists psycholinguists neurolinguists and language philosophers.

The book provides a new angle for the study of otherwise amply discussed discourse and interactional phenomena. The new perspective consists in addressing the interconnections between resonance stance represented discourse and joking in Mexican conversational discourse. In so doing it contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between collaboration intersubjectivity and emergence among other relevant issues. Scholars and advanced students concerned with dialogic syntax theory stance theory and Spanish will find the present analysis interesting and innovative. However the writing and methodology based on clearly discussed and presented examples from selected conversational excerpts including graphic representations of linguistic and discourse data makes the analysis easy to follow also to non-specialists. The book is thus interesting to a broad circle of readers whether they are concerned with any of the issues dealt with or with their mutual connections whether they are specialists or not.

This volume features a collection of empirical studies which use priming methods to explore the comprehension production and acquisition of second language (L2) phonology syntax and lexicon. The term priming refers to the phenomenon in which prior exposure to specific language forms or meanings influences a speaker’s subsequent language comprehension or production. This book brings together the various strands of priming research into a single volume that specifically addresses the interests of researchers teachers and students interested in L2 teaching and learning. Chapters by internationally known scholars feature a variety of priming techniques describe various psycholinguistic tasks and focus on different domains of language knowledge and skills. The book is conceptualized with a wide audience in mind including researchers not familiar with priming methods and their application to L2 research graduate students in second language acquisition and related disciplines and instructors who require readings for use in their courses.

Complex predicates present different levels of complexity at the syntactic and morphological levels crosslinguistically. The focus of this book is a subset of these constructions (causative and applicative) in three polysynthetic languages of the South Caucasian language family in which the functional morphology associated with the argument structure of these constructions is unusually rich. Due to such focus the syntax-morphology interface in causative and applicative constructions is subject to scrutiny in two main chapters of the book. The analysis includes the argument structure of causatives and applicatives along with the morpho-phonological instantiation of the functional heads involved in these constructions. The book is written very clearly and is accessible for a wide audience including undergraduate students in the introductory syntax and morphology courses as well as graduate students in basic syntax courses and seminars in linguistics. It naturally appeals to a general linguistic audience interested in theoretical linguistics.

The present volume represents a variety of portraits of what happens when families attempt to raise children in Spanish while living in English-speaking societies. Aided by the foregrounding chapter by Suzanne Romaine about language and identity and the afterword by Carol Klee that ties together many issues brought up throughout the collection the reader gains a more complete understanding of the variables that contribute to Spanish bilingualism in English-speaking societies and by extension a more complete understanding of the dynamic nature of bilingualism in general. This volume the first of its kind brings together an impressive array of sociolinguistic environments while keeping the two languages constant. We hope that it marks the beginning of comparative analyses of bilingualism acquisition outcomes and identity construction across environments that share the same languages but where important disparities exist in the sociolinguistic landscapes.

The context of mediation immediately highlights the importance of argumentation as a means to reasonably handle conflict. Argumentation in dispute mediation tackles this topic providing both theoretical insights and detailed empirical argumentative analysis. Its goal is twofold: to explore mediation as a real-life context of argumentation and to show how an increased argumentative awareness could improve conflict resolution.

Particular emphasis is accorded to mapping mediation through an interdisciplinary reasoned review of existing accounts. The outline of a conceptual framework of mediation constitutes a solid basis for the study of argumentation in mediation. The argumentative analysis of a corpus of mediation cases based on the pragma-dialectical account and the Argumentum Model of Topics shows the mediator’s moves which actually help conflicting parties discuss reasonably. The mediator’s topical potential plays a crucial role in this relation at the levels of issue selection evoking of cultural-contextual premises and choice of argument schemes.

This book presents a multidisciplinary theoretical model of cultural conceptualisations and language. Viewing language as firmly grounded in cultural cognition the model draws on analytical tools and theoretical advancements in several disciplines including cognitive linguistics cognitive anthropology anthropological linguistics distributed cognition complexity science and cognitive psychology. The result is a framework that has significant implications for those disciplines as well as for applied linguistics. Applications of the model to intercultural communication cross-cultural pragmatics English as an International Language/World Englishes and political discourse analysis are explored in detail.

For further research and theoretical advancements in this newly developed field see Cultural Linguistics. Cultural conceptualisations and language [CLSCC 8]

Primarily focused on idioms and other figurative phraseology Colouring Meaning describes how the meanings of established phrases are enhanced refocused and modified in everyday language use. Unlike many studies of creativity in language this book-length survey addresses the matter at several levels from the purely linguistic level of collocation through its abstractions in colligation and semantic preference to semantic prosody and connotation. This journey through both linguistic and cognitive levels involves the examination of habitual language and its exploitations both mundane and colourful explaining the phenomena observed in terms of current psycholinguistic research as well as corpus linguistics theory and analysis. The relationships between meaning in text and meaning in the mind are discussed at length and extensively illustrated with worked case studies to offer the reader a comprehensive overview of metaphorical and other secondary meanings as they emerge in real-world communicative situations.

One of the recurrent questions in historical linguistics is to what extent languages can borrow grammar from other languages. It seems for instance hardly likely that each 'average European' language developed a definite article all by itself without any influence from neighbouring languages. It is on the other hand by no means clear what exactly was borrowed since the way in which definiteness is expressed differs greatly among the various Germanic and Romance languages and dialects. One of the main aims of this volume is to shed some light on the question of what is similar and what is different in the structure of the noun phrase of the various Romance and Germanic languages and dialects and what causes this similarity or difference.

Dies ist der erste Teil einer zweibändigen Studie zur Genese unseres heutigen vom Anspruch her den chronologischen Verlauf der gesamten Menschheitsgeschichte strukturierenden „Epochen“-Systems. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Der Band skizziert zunächst die geistesgeschichtlichen Prämissen. Von der rudimentären paläolithischen Zeiteinteilung führt er über die ältesten schriftlich dokumentierten Ordnungsversuche in den sumerischen bzw. ägyptischen „Königlisten“ griechische und römische Autoren Petrarca Bruni und Vasari bis zu Cellarius der am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts die Drei-Zeitalter-Distinktion „Antike-Mittelalter-Neuzeit“ zum zentralen chronologischen Gliederungsprinzip der Weltgeschichte erhob. Anschließend stehen die drei klassischen von Pyrrhon Polybios bzw. Ptolemaios entwickelten „Epoché“-Konzepte sowie deren Auftauchen und Rezeption im lateinischen Europa im Fokus. Sodann wird die erstaunlich spät nämlich erst nach Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts einsetzende Transformation der „Epoché“ zur fundamentalen historiographischen Ordnungskategorie thematisiert. Schließlich verfolgen wir anhand zahlreicher Autoren sowie der kontemporären Lexikographie ihren auf Latein wie in den relevanten europäischen „Volkssprachen“ (Englisch Französisch Deutsch Spanisch Portugiesisch Italienisch) stattfindenden Divulgationsprozeß. Dabei erweist sich der Ausgang des 17. Jahrhunderts erneut als Wasserscheide. <br/>Der erste Band endet deshalb an dieser Stelle ein zweite (BSP 56 2015) analysiert die weitere Entwicklung von 1700 bis 1900. <br/><br/>This is the first part of a two-volume study of the genesis of our modern-day system of epochs which claims to structure the chronology of the entire history of mankind. The volume sets out by sketching the intellectual premises. It leads from the rudimentary Palaeolithic division of time via the oldest attempts at structuring to have been documented in written form through to the Sumerian and Egyptian “King Lists” to Greek and Roman authors to Petrarch Bruni and Vasari and finally to Cellarius who in the late 17th century introduced the distinction between the three epochs of “Antiquity the Middle Ages and the Modern Era” as the basic chronological principle of organising the history of the world. This is followed by a closer look at the three classical concepts of “Epoché” as defined by Pyrrhon Polybios and Ptolemaios respectively as well as their surfacing and reception in Latin Europe. Not until the second half of the 16th century which is an astonishingly late point in time can the transformation of “Epoché” into a fundamental category of historiographic structuring be detected. Finally by studying numerous writers as well as the contemporary lexicography we will outline the process of divulgation that took place both in Latin as well as in the relevant European “vernaculars” (English French German Spanish Portuguese Italian). In the process the late 17th century again proves to be a kind of divide. <br/>As a consequence volume one ends here; a second volume (BSP 56 2015) analyses the development up to 1900.

The use of technology in learning has increased dramatically. Training and education is now utilizing and almost integrated with the World Wide Web podcasts mobile and distant learning interactive videos serious games and a whole range of e-learning. However has such technology enhanced learning been effective? And how can it better serve training and education?E-learning must be 'brain friendly' so it optimizes learning to the cognitive architecture of the learners. If technology enhanced learning promotes the formation of effective mental representations and works with the human cognitive system then the learners will not only be able to acquire information more efficiently but they will also remember it better and use it. Technology should not be the driving force in shaping e-learning but rather how that technology can better serve the cognitive system.

This volume originally published as a special issue of Pragmatics & Cognition 16:2 (2008) and partly in Pragmatics & Cognition 17:1 (2009) explores the research frontiers in cognition and learning technology. It provides important theoretical insights into these issues as well as very practical implications of how to make e-learning more brain friendly and effective.

Languages differ regarding both the ways they group words into phrases and the surface cues they use to indicate relevant phrasing patterns. Modeling intonation in as many languages as possible has become a central goal of theoretical and empirical linguistics. However intonational research has only recently begun to devote attention to the analysis of spontaneous speech one of the central issues of this book. The volume contains eight contributions by international scholars some of them members of the Research Center on “Multilingualism” (Hamburg Germany) all of them experts on intonation and most also on multilingualism. A central goal of the present volume is to expand the cross-linguistic and multilingual perspective of phrasing focusing thereby on languages from the Romance and Germanic families among them Catalan French German Italian Occitan and Spanish. Within Spanish special attention is given to several Argentinean varieties and within Italian the Neapolitan variety is compared with the standard one.

This research monograph is an empirical and theoretical study of clause-final verbal complexes in the history of German. The book presents corpus studies of Middle High German and Early New High German and surveys of contemporary varieties of German. These investigations of the verbal complex address not only the frequencies of the word orders but also the linguistic factors that influence them. On that empirical basis the analysis adopted is the classic verb-final approach with alternative orders derived by Verb (Projection) Raising. Verb Raising in these historical and modern varieties is subject to morphological prosodic and sociolinguistic restrictions suggesting that the orders in question are not driven by narrow syntax but by their effects at the interface with phonology. This study will be of interest to students and scholars studying the diachronic syntax of German West Germanic dialect syntax and the relationship between prosody and word order.