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This collection of critical essays originally published in Pragmatics and Society 1:2 (2010) discusses how normative biases that shape our relation to the world are constructed through discursive practice in media discourse. The intertextual perspective it adopts is crucial for our understanding of how media representations of speakers and languages shape many of our preconceptions of others. Mediatization is inherently intertextual; the very nature of this process involves extracting the speech behavior of particular speakers or groups from a highly specific context and refracting and reshaping it to be inserted in another stream of representation. The notion of intertextuality becomes a useful concept for the linguistic anthropological study of media discourse in the context of modernity as it provides us with a tool for exploring the semiotic processes that underlie the way in which the media negotiate and reinscribe the complex relationships of identity that characterize late modern subjecthood.

Events of putting things in places and removing them from places are fundamental activities of human experience. But do speakers of different languages construe such events in the same way when describing them? This volume investigates placement and removal event descriptions from 18 areally genetically and typologically diverse languages. Each chapter describes the lexical and grammatical means used to describe such events and further investigates one of the following themes: syntax-semantics mappings lexical semantics and asymmetries in the encoding of placement versus removal events. The chapters demonstrate considerable crosslinguistic variation in the encoding of this domain as well as commonalities e.g. in the semantic distinctions that recur across languages and in the asymmetric treatment of placement versus removal events. This volume provides a significant contribution within the emerging field of semantic typology and will be of interest to researchers interested in the language-cognition interface including linguists psychologists anthropologists and philosophers.

The ideas that mark modern-day pragmatics are old but did not start to get more systematically developed until the 1960s and 1970s. Still the very recognition of pragmatics as a self-standing academic discipline is a product of the 1980s not least made possible by the establishment of the International Pragmatics Association. One scholar in particular has devoted his life both to IPrA and to the discipline.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This volume pays homage to Jef Verschueren on the occasion of his 60th birthday. It celebrates him for his long-standing dedication as Secretary General of IPrA and for his scholarly contributions to the field. We owe to Jef Verschueren the insight that the processes through which language users (do or do not) achieve understanding among each other in communication can only be fully comprehended if approached from a pragmatic perspective i.e. if understanding is pragmaticized. <br/>The chapters in this book are written by scholars who like Jef Verschueren have played a key role in the genesis and development of the field and who still actively contribute to its advancement today. Each author looks back evaluates the present and takes on new challenges.

This book offers new work by some major figures in the field of linguistics addressing old debates from the perspective of current explanatory grammatical theory. These include paradigmatic relations among words and agreeing adjectives and their grammatical source. Covering a broad range of empirical domains the contributors of this volume examine the role of Economy in syntax and in syntactic interfaces with phonology and semantics and their implications for processing. The evidence is taken from a great variety of languages including Arabic dialects Basque Czech Dutch English French German Latin and Spanish. Two chapters on metrics complete honoring Carlos Piera’s longstanding scholarship in linguistic theory within Spain and abroad.

In recent years there has been a renewed interest in correspondence both as a literary genre and as cultural practice and several studies have appeared mainly spanning the centuries between Early and Late Modern times. However it is between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the roots of contemporary usage begin to evolve thanks to the circulation of new educational materials and more widespread schooling practices. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>In this volume chapters representing diverse but complementary methodological approaches discuss linguistic and discursive practices of correspondence in Late Modern Europe in order to offer material for the comparative cross-linguistic analyses of patterns occurring in different social contexts. <br/>The volume aims to provide a general and solid methodological structure for the study of largely untapped language material from a variety of comparable sources and is expected to appeal to scholars and students interested in the linguistic history of epistolary writing practices as well as to all those interested in the more recent history of European languages.

The close relationship between motion (bodily movement) and emotion (feelings) is not an etymological coincidence. While moving ourselves we move others; in observing others move – we are moved ourselves. The fundamentally interpersonal nature of mind and language has recently received due attention but the key role of (e)motion in this context has remained something of a blind spot. The present book rectifies this gap by gathering contributions from leading philosophers psychologists and linguists working in the area. Framed by an introducing prologue and a summarizing epilogue (written by Colwyn Trevarthen who brought the phenomenological notion of intersubjectivity to a wider audience some 30 years ago) the volume elaborates a dynamical active view of emotion along with an affect-laden view of motion – and explores their significance for consciousness intersubjectivity and language. As such it contributes to the emerging interdisciplinary field of mind science transcending hitherto dominant computationalist and cognitivist approaches.

Now Open Access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched 2017 Backlist Collection.

This book brings together a variety of approaches to English corpus linguistics and shows how corpus methodologies can contribute to the linking of diachronic and synchronic studies. The articles in this volume investigate historical changes in the English language as well as specific aspects of Middle and Modern English and moreover of English dialects. The contributions also discuss the development of English corpus linguistics generally and its potential in the future. Special focus is given to the continuity between Middle and Modern English – much in line with the linking in previous studies of Middle English and Old English under the generic term “medievalism”. This volume highlights the continual development of English from the medieval to modern period.

In Exploring Argumentative Contexts Frans H. van Eemeren and Bart Garssen bring together a broad variety of essays examining argumentation as it occurs in seven communicative domains: the political context the historical context the legal context the academic context the medical context the media context and the financial context. These essays are written by an international group of argumentation scholars consisting of Corina Andone Sarah Bigi Robert T. Craig Justin Eckstein Frans H. van Eemeren Norman Fairclough Eveline Feteris Gerd Fritz Bart Garssen Kara Gilbert Thomas Gloning G. Thomas Goodnight Dale A. Herbeck Darrin Hicks Thomas Hollihan Jos Hornikx Isabela Ieţcu-Fairclough Gábor Kutrovátz Maurizio Manzin Davide Mazzi Dima Mohammed Rudi Palmieri Angela G. Ray Patricia Riley Robert C. Rowland Peter Schulz Karen Tracy and Gergana Zlatkova.

This volume provides a state-of-the-art overview of current research and developments on the use of learner corpora perceived from developmental and crosslinguistic perspectives. The book is divided into two parts. The eleven contributions of Part I investigate the development of English language skills of young learners across seven countries/regions on the basis of a new corpus resource called the International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage (ICCI). Part II contains seven papers devoted to other varieties of learner corpora especially spoken learner corpora and learner corpora of languages other than English. Presenting original research in corpus linguistics this book will be of interest to researchers and postgraduates in the fields of learner corpus research and second language acquisition and those who wish to apply corpus methodology in teaching and learning.

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Within the framework of Chomsky’s Principles and Parameters Theory and the Minimalist Program this work presents a detailed discussion of the different types of wh-question formation and relativization strategies in Cape Verdean Creole (Santiago variety) especially focusing on wh-movement of PPs. The book explores the Copy Theory of Movement discussing a defective copy construction involving wh-movement of PPs which poses interesting theoretical questions as to how the defective copy is to be generated and form a chain with the relevant displaced wh-constituent. It is also shown that the defective copy strategy ([wh_[PL] … el_[3SG]]) is distinct from resumption ([wh_[PL] … es_[3PL]]) due to some properties of PPs in Cape Verdean Creole and to the nature of the pronominal element that occurs at the foot of the wh-chain. This book relates well with those on Cape Verdean Creole and highlights the need to look more closely at deeper syntactic issues in more creole languages inspiring further comparative work amongst creole linguists.

This book describes new methodological and technological approaches to corpus building and presents recent research based on the Norwegian Newspaper Corpus. This is a large monitor corpus of contemporary Norwegian language compiled through daily harvesting of web newspapers. The book gives an overview of the corpus and its system architecture and presents tools used for tasks such as text harvesting annotation topic classification and extraction and frequency profiling of new words and phrases. Among the innovative technologies is Corpuscle a corpus query engine and management system which is flexible enough to handle very large corpora in an efficient way. The individual research contributions based on the corpus explore different aspects of Norwegian including the occurrence of anglicisms neologisms and terminology and the use of metonymy and metaphor in newspaper language. The book also describes an innovative method of applying correspondence analysis and implicational analysis to investigate interdependencies between morphosyntactic variants.

This is a comprehensive guidebook to the quantitative methods needed for Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CBTS). It provides a systematic description of the various statistical tests used in Corpus Linguistics which can be used in translation research. In Part 1 Theoretical Explorations the interplay between quantitative and qualitative methodologies is explored. Part 2 Essential Corpus Studies describes how to undertake quantitative studies with a suitable level of technical and relevant case studies. Part 3 Quantitative Explorations of Literary Translations looks at translations of classic works by Cao Xueqin James Joyce and other authors. Finally Part 4 on Translation Lexis uses a variety of techniques new to translation studies including multivariate analysis and game theory. This book is aimed at students and researchers of corpus linguistics translation studies and quantitative linguistics. It will significantly advance current translation studies in terms of methodological innovation and will fill in an important gap in the development of quantitative methods for interdisciplinary translation studies.

How do participants display affectivity in social interaction? Based on recordings of authentic everyday conversations and radio phone-ins this study offers a fine-grained analysis of how recipients of affect-laden informings deploy sound objects i.e. interjections (oh ooh and ah) and paralinguistic signals (whistle and clicks) for responsive displays of affectivity. Examining the use of such sound objects across a number of interactional activities including news telling troubles talk complaining assessments and repair the study provides evidence that the sound pattern and sequential placement of sound objects systematically contribute to their specific meaning-making in interaction i.e. the management of sequence organisation and interactional relevancies (e.g. affiliation). Presenting an in-depth analysis of a little researched area of language use from an interactional linguistic perspective the book will be of theoretical and methodological interest to an audience with a background in linguistics sociology and conversational studies.

The fascinating question of the origins and evolution of language has been drawing a lot of attention recently not only from linguists but also from anthropologists evolutionary biologists and brain scientists. This groundbreaking book explores the cultural side of language evolution. It proposes a new overarching framework based on linguistic selection and self-organization and explores it in depth through sophisticated computer simulations and robotic experiments. Each case study investigates how a particular type of language system can emerge in a population of language game playing agents and how it can continue to evolve in order to cope with changes in ecological conditions. Case studies cover on the one hand the emergence of concepts and words for proper names color terms names for bodily actions spatial terms and multi-dimensional words. The second set of experiments focuses on the emergence of grammar specifically case grammar for expressing argument structure functional grammar for expressing different uses of spatial relations internal agreement systems for marking constituent structure morphological expression of aspect and quantifiers expressed as articles. The book is ideally suited as study material for an advanced course on language evolution and it will be of interest to anyone who wonders how human languages may have originated.

Author Representations in Literary Reading investigates the role of the author in the mind of the reader. It is the first book-length empirical study on generated author inferences by readers of literature. It bridges the gap between theories which hold that the author is irrelevant and those that give him prominence. By combining insights and methods from both cognitive psychology and literary theory this book contributes to a better understanding of how readers process literary texts and what role their assumptions about an author play. A series of experiments demonstrate that readers generate author inferences during the process of reading which they use to create an image of the text’s author. The findings suggest that interpretations about the author play a pivotal role in the literary reading process. This book is relevant to scholars and students in all areas of the cognitive sciences including literary studies and psychology.

Adverb positions vary within a single language as well as across diverse languages. Based on the study of adverbs in English French and German this monograph shows that the distribution of adverbs is influenced by various factors at distinct levels of linguistic representation – comprising semantics syntax phonology and information structure – which interact in determining adverb positions. The results of the investigation are formulated within the theoretical framework of Optimality Theory which captures the complex interaction of these factors by hierarchically ranked constraints deriving cross-linguistic variation of adverb positions by differences in the language-specific constraint hierarchies. The book is divided into two parts: While Part I examines adverb positions in general Part II investigates under which circumstances an adverb may attach to a phonetically empty constituent in the languages under discussion. The book appeals to a linguistic audience interested in Germanic and Romance languages as well as in theoretical syntax in general.

Language acts are acts of identity and linguistic variation reflects the multifaceted construction of verbal alternatives for transmitting social meaning where style-shifting represents our ability to take up different social positions due to its potential for linguistic performance rhetorical stance-taking and identity projection.Traditional variationist conceptualizations of style-shifting as a primarily responsive phenomenon seem unable to account for all stylistic choices. In contrast more recent formulations see stylistic variation as initiative creative and strategic in personal and interpersonal identity construction and projection making a significant contribution to our understanding of this aspect of sociolinguistic variation.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>In this volume social constructivist approaches to style-shifting are further developed by bringing together research which suggests that people make stylistic choices aimed at conveying (and achieving) a particular social categorization sociolinguistic meaning and/or to project a specific positioning in society. Therefore there is a need we collectively argue to adopt permeable and flexible multidimensional multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to speaker agency that take into consideration not only reactive but also proactive motivations for stylistic variation and where individuals – rather than groups – and their strategies are the main focus when examining style-shifting in public.<br/>This book will be of interest to advanced students and academics in the areas of sociolinguistics dialectology social psychology anthropology and sociology.

Since the publication of the still very valuable Biblioteca histórica de la filología by Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano conde de la Viñaza (Madrid 1893) our knowledge of the history of the study of the Spanish language has grown considerably. It has been the purpose of BICRES I (from the early beginnings to 1600) published in 1994 to bring together already available bibliographical information with the more recent research findings scattered in many places books and articles. BICRES II (covering the 1601–1700 period) followed in 1999 and BICRES III (including period 1701-1800) was published in 2005.

Now the fourth volume arranged according to the same principles as those guiding the preceding volumes and covering the years from 1801 to 1860 has become available.

Years of research in the major libraries of Spain and other European countries have gone into this new bibliography and relative sources of the Americas have also been covered in order to offer — in an as exhaustive as possible fashion — a description of all Spanish grammars and dictionaries histories of the Spanish language as well as studies devoted to particular facets of its evolution during the years 1801-1860.

BICRES IV brings together in chronological order more than 3279 titles. Access to the bibliographical information is facilitated by several detailed indexes such as a short title index a listing of printers publishers and places of production and an author index.

This volume provides a first systematic comprehensive account of English in Southeast Asia (SEA) based on current research by leading scholars in the field. The volume first provides a systematic account of the linguistic features across all sub-varieties found within each country. It also has a section dedicated to the historical context and language planning policies to provide a background to understanding the development of the linguistic features covered in Part I and finally the vibrancy of the sociolinguistic and pragmatic realities that govern actual language in use in a wide variety of domains such as the law education popular culture electronic media and actual pragmatic encounters are also given due coverage. This volume also includes an extensive bibliography of works on English in SEA thus providing a useful and valuable resource for language researchers linguists classroom educators policy makers and anyone interested in the topic of English in SEA or World Englishes as a whole.

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is being encouraged as part of a major overhaul of the entire school languages curriculum in New Zealand. However teachers often struggle with understanding what TBLT is and how to make TBLT work in classrooms. Using the stories that emerged from a series of interviews with teachers (the curriculum implementers) and with advisors (the curriculum leaders) this book highlights the possibilities for TBLT innovation in schools. It also identifies the constraints and proposes how these might be addressed. The result is a book that whilst rooted in a particular local context provides a valuable sourcebook of teacher stories that have relevance for a wide range of people working in a diverse range of contexts. This book will be of genuine interest to all those who wish to understand more about TBLT innovation and the opportunities and challenges it brings.

This corpus-based study examines the use of support verb constructions in Old English and Old Irish. It determines in how far these constructions can be seen as a means to offer semantic specification of existing verbal expressions. The study further investigates whether support verb constructions may be employed to create periphrastic verbal expressions to denote concepts for which no simple verb exists in the language at that stage. This latter situation may particularly arise as a consequence of contact with new cultural concepts. The approach of the study is both qualitative and quantitative. It compares the use of the Old English constructions to corresponding Old Irish structures as well as to other language varieties especially Present Day English which has a considerably more analytic morphological structure than either of the two medieval languages.