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The grammar of focus has been studied in generative grammar from its inception. It has been the subject of intense detailed cross-linguistic investigation for over 20 years particularly within the Principles and Parameters framework. It is appropriate at this point therefore to take stock. Appraisal at this particular point is all the more legitimate because it comes at a time of general evaluation of the results of the profound activity that has characterized the Principles and Parameters framework. This general assessment has produced a radical new direction within that framework.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The volume starts off with an introductory chapter that aims to provide an outline for the assessment to be followed by an overview of the evolution of the study of focus in generative grammar and a recapitulation of the principal issues associated with focus. These issues are taken up in the remaining chapters of the book where various grammatical means of marking focus (as well as grammaticalization of focus marking) are analyzed in a wide variety of languages. <br/>

This sociolinguistic study describes and analyzes an Israeli Palestinian border village in the Little Triangle and another village artificially divided between Israel and the West Bank tracing the political transformations that they have undergone and the accompanying social and cultural changes. These political social and cultural forces have resulted in distinctive sociolinguistic patterns.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The primary explanation offered for the persisting linguistic frontier found in rural Palestinian communities is the continuing social political economic and cultural differences between Palestinian villages in Israel and Palestinian villages in the West Bank. In the geopolitical and economic history of the villages these distinctions have been maintained by the dissimilar treatment received by the two communities and their inhabitants under Israeli government policy. Exacerbated by the Palestinian Intifada the relations of the Palestinian divided communities to each other and to the rest of the world have produced noticeable differences in economic educational and cultural development. The sociolinguistic facts revealed in the language situation in the villages are study shown to be correlated with political and demographic differences.

This book reports the results of an extensive study of slips of the tongue produced by foreign language (L2) learners at different levels of proficiency. Thus it provides new data which can be used to test current monolingual models of speech production and to further the development of bilingual speech production models. Moreover it offers a new approach to the study of second language acquisition. The book contains a detailed survey of the findings of L1 slip research including studies of slips produced by child L1 learners. It systematically compares these findings to those of the current L2 study and relates them to recent monolingual and bilingual models of speech production and to several cognitive models of second language acquisition. Special features of the book are its emphasis on methodological problems and the inclusion of the complete L2 corpus of 2000 slips of the tongue. It is expected that the book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in the areas of speech production and second language acquisition and particularly to those who would like to test their own hypotheses using the L2 data.Summary of the contents of the book.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The book provides an overview of the key findings in L1 slip research.<br/>It relates L1 findings to monolingual speech production models. <br/>It gives a detailed survey of studies of slips produced by children.<br/>It presents an up-to-date review of bilingual speech production models.<br/>It discusses recent cognitive models of second language acquisition.<br/>It gives a detailed description of an extensive research project on slips of the tongue produced by Dutch learners of English.<br/>The L2 slip corpus is tape-recorded.<br/>It discusses methodological problems in L1 slip research.<br/>It systematically compares the L1 findings to those of the L2 slip project.<br/>It relates the findings to monolingual and bilingual models of speech production and to cognitive models of second language acquisition. <br/>It makes the data available in the appendix.

Although it is widely thought that structural linguistics began abruptly with the publication of Saussure's 'revolutionary' Course in General Linguistics the work of E. F. K. Koerner has demonstrated that Saussure for all his originality remained true to the basic tenets of his 19th-century predecessors. In this volume the development of modern linguistics before during and after Saussure is traced in 20 studies honouring the scholar who has done more than anyone else to professionalize linguistic historiography during the last quarter century. Among the wide range of topics covered are: grammar and philosophy in the age of comparativism the relation of Saussure's anagram studies to his theory of the linguistic sign nationalist overtones in German linguistics from 1914 to 1945 and the true story (with newly discovered documentation) of why Chomsky's Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory didn't get published during the 1950s or 60s. In addition to an introductory overview of Koerner's career and a complete listing of his publications the volume includes previously unpublished materials from Saussure's notebooks.

On the basis of the meticulous transcription/observation process of ‘Conversation Analysis’ this book observes recurrent patterns in sequences where Japanese speakers negotiate agreement and disagreement. It contributes to the growing body of research on ‘interaction and grammar’ by examining how linguistic recourses are utilized for constructing turns and anticipating the upcoming course of interaction. More specifically it focuses on the recurrent use of two structurally different types of connective expressions: clause-initial connectives and clause-final connective particles. The study examines the occurrences of these causal and contrastive markers with reference to their sequential environment and the resulting interaction. While the introductory chapters situate this approach in the current literature the main analytical chapters investigate the ways in which ‘delivery of agreement’ ‘delivery of disagreement’ and ‘pursuit for agreement’ are performed with the use of the different types of connective expressions. As one of the earliest conversation analytic studies of Japanese this book also addresses methodological issues concerning cross-linguistic cross-cultural studies of human interaction.

Alongside considerable continuity 20th-century diachronic linguistics has seen substantial shifts in outlook and procedure from the 19th-century paradigm. Our understanding of what is really new and what is recycled owes a great debt to E. F. K. Koerner's minutely researched interpretations of the work of the field's founders and key transitional figures. At the cusp of the 21st century some of the best known scholars in the field explore how these methodological shifts have been and continue to be played out in historical Romance Germanic and Indo-European linguistics as well as in work outside these traditional areas. These 22 studies honouring the founder of Diachronica and other publication ventures that have helped revitalize historical enquiry in recent decades include examinations of Indo-European methodology and the reconstructions carried out by Bloomfield and Sapir; the search for relatives of Indo-European; comparative structural and sociolinguistic analyses of the history of the Romance languages; regular vs. morpholexical approaches to OHG umlaut; and the synchrony and diachrony of gender affixes in Tsez.

Dealing with the most translated work of German literature the Tales of the brothers Grimm (1812-1815) this book discusses their history notably in relation to Denmark and subsequently other nations from 1816 to 1986. The Danish intelligentsia responded enthusiastically to the tales and some were immediately translated into Danish by a nobleman and by the foremost Romantic poet. Their renditions remained in print for a century and embued the tales with high prestige. This book discusses translators approaches and other parameters such as copyright and changes in target audiences. The tales’ social acceptability inspired Hans Christian Andersen to write his celebrated fairytales. Combined the Grimm and Andersen tales came to constitute the ‘international fairytale’.This genre was born in processes of translation and today it is rooted more firmly in the world of translation than in national literatures. This book thus addresses issues of interest to literary cross-cultural studies and translation.

The present volume brings together the author's most recent thinking on the tasks and methods of linguistic historiography and his critical assessment of the legacy of a number of major 20th-century scholars. Some of the chapters are revisions of previously published articles which together with new materials have been welded into a coherent volume.

The concept of ‘animacy’ concerns the fundamental and cognitive question of the extent to which we recognize and express living things as saliently human-like or animal-like.

In Animacy and Reference Mutsumi Yamamoto pursues two main objectives: First to establish a conceptual framework of animacy and secondly to explain how the concept of animacy can be reflected in the use of referential expressions. Unlike previous studies on the subject focussing on grammatical manifestations Animacy and Reference sheds light upon the conceptual properties of animacy itself and its reflection in referential processes.

For the research of this study the author focussed on languages that show completely different tendencies. As a result English and Japanese ‘parallel corpora’ are analysed yielding salient observations and opening intriguing discussions.

Since the publication of the still very valuable Biblioteca histórica de la filología by Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano conde de la Viñaza (Madrid 1893) our knowledge of the history of the study of the Spanish language has grown considerably. It has been the purpose of BICRES I (from the beginnings to 1600) published in 1994 in the same series to bring already available bibliographical information together with the more recent research findings scattered in many places books and articles and published during the past one hundred years. Now the second volume covering the years from 1601 to 1700 has been published according to the same principles as the first one.

Years of work in the major librairies of Spain and other European countries have gone into this new bibliography in order to offer as exhaustive as possible a description of all Spanish grammars and dictionaries histories of the Spanish language as well studies devoted to particular facets of its evolution in the 17th century.

BICRES II brings together in chronological order close to 1300 titles. Access to the bibliographical information is facilitated by several detailed indexes such as author index short title index index of places of production index of printers and publishers and a index of locations of the books described.Desde la publicación de la muy meritoria y aún hoy útil Biblioteca histórica de la filología castellana (Madrid 1893) de Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano conde de la Viñaza nuestros cono-cimientos sobre la historia de la lingüística española se han ensanchado considerable-mente. Fue el propósito de BICRES I (“desde los comienzos hasta 1600”) que se publicó en 1994 en esta misma serie sumar a los datos bibliográficos conocidos la información más reciente aparecida durante los últimos cien años en los más diversos lugares.

BICRES II presenta la información correspondiente a los años 1601-1700 manteniendo los mismos principios metodológicos que fueron empleados en el primer volumen.

Para terminar esta nueva bibliografía han sido necesarios años de trabajo en bibliotecas españolas y europeas. De esta manera se ha conseguido reunir la máxima cantidad disponible de datos sobre gramáticas y diccio-narios de la lengua española publicados en el siglo XVII así como sobre historias de la lengua española y estudios dedicados a los más variados aspecto de su desarrollo.

La Bibliografía cronológica de la lingüística la gramática y la lexicografía del español (BICRES II) ofrece en orden cronológico apoximadamente 1.300 títulos. Una serie de índices detallados (autores títulos abreviados lugares de publicación impresores y edito-riales y finalmente paraderos) facilita el acceso a la infomación bibliográfica.