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This book focuses on the enigmatic relationship between men and women and in particular on the subordination of women by men in the work place. The main points of departure are that subordination is a relational phenomenon and should therefore be approached in a relational context and that the dynamics of relational behaviour primarily evolve through dialogue. The project facilitated and encouraged women and men to engage in more than 100 discussions about their daily relationships carried out in the context of an intra- and inter-organizational action research project involving three organizations: a nuclear power plant a school district and a postal district in a province of Sweden. The object was to allow for better mutual understanding and respect from an Irigarayan view where a substrate allows men and women to regard each other in their subjectivity without ‘reducing the other to same’. The reflective and analytical nature of this study shows the dynamics of the discussions and their effects on the interpersonal and organizational level.Ingrid Ljungberg van Beinum D. Soc. Sc. studied at the universities of Uppsala and Leiden. She has lived and worked in Sweden England Holland India and Canada.

This book presents a cross-section of recent generative research into the syntax of relative clauses constructions. Most of the papers collected here react in some way to Kayne’s (1994) proposal to handle relative clauses in terms of determiner complementation and raising of the relativized nominal. The editors provide a thorough introduction of these proposals their background and motivations arguments for and against. There are detailed studies in the syntax and the semantics of relative clauses constructions in Latin Ancient Greek Romanian Hindi (Old) English Old High German (dialects of) Dutch Turkish Swedish and Japanese. The book should be of interest to any linguist working within generative syntax.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

In interactive discourse we not only express propositions but we also express different attitudes to them. That is we communicate how our mind entertains those propositions that we express. A speaker is able to express an attitude of belief desire hope doubt fear regret or pretence that a given proposition represents a true state of affairs. This collection of papers explores the contribution of particles and other uninflected mood-indicating function words to the expression of propositional attitude in the broad sense. Some languages employ this type of attitude-marking device extensively even for the expression of basic moods and basic speech act categories other languages use such markers sparsely and always in interaction with syntactic form. Both types of language are examined in this volume which includes studies of attitudinal markers in Amharic English Gascon Occitan German Greek Hausa Hungarian Japanese Norwegian and Swahili. The theoretical emphasis is on issues such as interpretive vs. descriptive use of utterances or utterance parts procedural semantics linguistic underdetermination of the proposition expressed and the speaker’s communicated attitude to it higher-level explicatures in the relevance-theoretic sense the explicit — implicit distinction as well as processes of grammaticalization and negotiation of propositional attitude in spoken interaction.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

The papers in this volume show the range and direction of current work in historical semantics and word-studies. There is a strong focus throughout on semantic change and lexical innovation interpreted within a sociolinguistic cultural or textual context. Many of the papers draw on the remarkable range of electronic resources now available to historical linguists notably corpora dictionaries bibliographies and thesauruses and show the effects that these have had in stimulating new lines of research or the re-interpretation of previous conclusions. Cognitive semantics and especially prototype theory emerges as a challenging theoretical framework for much current research. The volume contains a selection from papers presented at the 10th International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (10ICEHL). They include work on historical lexicography and an account of the workshop on electronic dictionary resources such as the Revised Oxford English Dictionary which formed the centrepiece of the Fourth G. L. Brook Symposium.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

Wh-movement and the theory of feature-checking argues that cross-linguistic variation in wh-constructions reduces to the availability of different lexical instantiations of a +wh C0 both across languages and within a single language and the way in which such lexical elements are syntactically identified either via movement or base-generation. Evidence from a wide range of patterns including wh-expletive questions leads to the conclusion that wh-feature checking may sometimes be effected non-locally and ‘at a distance’ (long-distance wh-agreement) and that movement in general takes place for two related but discrete reasons: both to identify and activate an underspecified licensing head and in order for an element to occur in the checking domain projected by its relevant licensing head. Developing and generalizing the proposals beyond wh-phenomena the study also goes on to argue for a Minimalist model of syntax in which feature-dependencies are in fact all licensed in the overt syntax and where there is no need for any further level of LF.

Discourse anaphora is a challenging linguistic phenomenon that has given rise to research in fields as diverse as linguistics computational linguistics and cognitive science. Because of the diversity of approaches these fields bring to the anaphora problem the editors of this volume argue that there needs to be a synthesis or at least a principled attempt to draw the differing strands of anaphora research together. The selected papers in this volume all contribute to the aim of synthesis and were selected to represent the growing importance of corpus-based and computational approaches to anaphora description and to developing natural language systems for resolving anaphora in natural language. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

This volume presents a selection of papers from the 3rd Conference on Afroasiatic Languages held in Sophia Antipolis France in 1996. The languages discussed include (varieties of) Arabic Hebrew Berber Chaha Wolof and Old Egyptian.

This book provides a good overview of philosophical and cognitive approaches to language use and meaning. A synthesis of such approaches leads to a dynamic concept of pragmatic meaning which is on the one hand grounded in cognition and motivated by linguistic and cultural convention and on the other creates a framework for studying the interactive and social dimensions of the development of meaning in linguistic communication. Through an experientialist approach based on connectionist models the author shows that by internalizing pragmatic meaning people become social agents who reproduce challenge or change their social parameters during interaction.Pragmatic Meaning and Cognition is suitable as a course book in Pragmatics and Semantics and of interest to those concerned with cognitive models and dynamic and social aspects of linguistic communication.

This volume contains selected papers from the 5th ICLC Amsterdam 1997. The papers present cognitive analyses of a variety of constructions (phrasal verbs prepositional phrases transitivity accusative versus dative objects possessives gerunds passives causatives conditionals) in a variety of languages (English German Dutch Polish Greek Hebrew Japanese Thai Fijian). Besides analyses of ‘objective construal’ the volume reflects the increasing interest in subjectivity (grounding and speaker involvement). It also includes lastly contributions on the acquisition and agrammatic loss of constructions. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

In this memorial volume for A. Ronald Walton cutting-edge scholars interrelate two normally separate domains: the formation of language policy and the improvement of language teaching. Bernard Spolsky Elana Shohamy Joshua Fishman and Kees de Bot address theoretical aspects of national language policy. John Trim relates the historical development of the Council of Europe’s international language policy. Richard Lambert Ronald Walton Richard Brecht and Xueying Wang deal with structural issues in language instruction in the United States. Eleanor Jorden Galal Walker Myriam Met and Gilbert Merkx discuss the special problems of providing instruction in the non-Western languages. And Michael Long Ross Steele Ralph Ginsberg and Laura Miller are concerned with specific pedagogical issues: task-based language teaching the role of culture in language instruction and what is learned during study abroad. These articles stand both as definitive statements on their individual topics and taken together as a fresh amalgamation of policy and pedagogy.