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The book offers a combined discussion of the main theoretical methodological and application issues related to corpus work. Thus starting from the definition of what is a corpus and why reading a corpus calls for a different methodology from reading a text the underlying assumptions behind corpus work are discussed. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The two main approaches to corpus work are discussed as the “corpus-based” and the “corpus-driven” approach and the theoretical positions underlying them explored in detail. The book adopts and exemplifies the parameters of the corpus-driven approach and posits a new unit of linguistic description defined systematically in the light of corpus evidence. The applications where the corpus-driven approach is exemplified are language teaching and contrastive linguistics. Alternating between practical examples and theoretical evaluation the reader is led step-by-step to a detailed understanding of the issues involved in corpus work and at the same time tempted to explore for himself some of the major applications where a corpus-driven methodology can reveal unprecedented insights into linguistic patterning.

Using a workplace development program as source of experience the book deals with the development of innovation processes. Since innovation means to explore the unique and the special to bring forth what does not (yet) exist each innovation process must in itself be an innovation. The study explores the tools and activities needed to create such processes like dialogue networking coalition building and social partnership. The authors report from the position of collaborative actors involved in the innovation process rather than external observers.

The Handbook of Terminology Management is a unique work designed to meet the practical needs of terminologists translators lexicographers subject specialists (e.g. engineers medical professionals etc.) standardizers and others who have to solve terminological problems in their daily work.

In more than 900 pages the Handbook brings together contributions from approximately 50 expert authorities in the field. The Handbook covers a broad range of topics integrated from an international perspective and treats such fundamental issues as: practical methods of terminology management; creation and use of terminological tools (terminology databases on-line dictionaries etc.); terminological applications.

The high level of expertise provided by the contributors combined with the wide range of perspectives they represent results in a thorough coverage of all facets of a burgeoning field. The lay-out of the Handbook is specially designed for quick and for cross reference with hypertext and an extensive index.

See also Handbook of Terminology Management set (volumes 1 and 2).

Together with its sister volume on Theoretical Cognitive Approaches this volume explores the contribution which cognitive linguistics can make to the identification and analysis of overt and hidden ideologies. This volume shows that descriptive tools which cognitive linguistics developed for the analysis of language-in-use are highly efficient for the analysis of ideologies as well. Amongst them are the concept of grounding and the speaker’s deictic centre iconographic reference frames cultural cognitive models as a subgroup of Idealized Cognitive Models conceptual metaphors root metaphors frames as groups of metaphors mental spaces and conceptual blending.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>The first section ‘Political metaphor and ideology’ discusses topics such as Nazi Germany discrimination of Afro-Americans South Africa’s “rainbow nation” and the impeachment campaign against President Clinton. The second section on cross-cultural “Otherness” deals with cultural clashes such as those between the Basque symbolic world and the general European value systems; between the Islam and the West determining its treatment of Iraq in the Gulf War; and between Hong Kong “Otherness” and centuries of Western dominance. The third section deals with ‘Metaphors for institutional ideologies’ and concentrates on the globalisation of the North and South American markets on insults in (un)parliamentary debates and on the Internet being for sale.<br/>

Part sociolinguistic part ethnographic this book takes up the neglected question of how ethnic division interacts with variation and change in Northern Irish English. It identifies an idealised folk model of harmonious<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>communities in spite of the social divide and open conflict that have long affected the region; this model affects daily life and sociolinguistic studies alike. A reading of sociolinguistic studies from the region reveals<br/>ethnolinguistic differentiation. Qualitative analysis of material from (London)Derry shows people often stressing tolerance in their community while accounts of their activities contain evidence of ethnic division and strife. Quantitative analysis charts six changes in (London)Derry English. Variation correlates to varying degrees with age ethnicity class sex and social network. The ethnic dimension while not the most important parameter in all cases plays a role in relation to all the changes examined.

Together with its sister volume on Descriptive Cognitive Approaches this volume explores the contribution which cognitive linguistics can make to the identification and analysis of overt and hidden ideologies. As a theory of language which sees language as the accumulation of the conventionalised conceptualisations of a given linguistic and/or cultural community or sub-group within it cognitive linguistics is called upon to make its own inroads in the study of ideology. This volume offers theoretical approaches and first discusses the philosophical foundations of cognitive linguistics. The question whether cognitive linguistics is not an ideology itself is not tabooed. The speaker’s deictic centre is the anchoring point not only for spatial temporal or interactional deixis but also for cultural and ideological deixis. Cognitive linguistics is also confronted with a severe Marxist critique but the potential convergence between the two ‘philosophies’ is highlighted as well. Further the question is raised to what extent the central nervous system and the grammatical system of a language impose sexually biased and hence ideological representations on cognition. Finally linguistics itself is seen as a potential bearer of ideological deviations as was the case with the ‘politics of linguistics’ in Nazi Germany and even with the quest for the Indo-European homeland in comparative and historical linguistics throughout the 19th century and well into the 20th century.

Is there an internal relationship between consciousness and intentionality? Can mental content be described in such a way so as to avoid dualism? What is the influence of social context upon consciousness conceptions of self and mental content?<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This book considers questions such as these and argues for a conception of consciousness mental content and intentionality that is anti-Cartesian in its major tenets. Focusing upon the rule governed nature of concepts and the grounding of the rules for concept use in the practical world intentional consciousness emerges as a phenomena that depends upon social context. Given that dependence the authors consider and set aside attempts to reduce human consciousness and intentionality to phenomena explicable at biological or neuroscientific levels. (Series A)

This volume explores the implications of cross-linguistic structures in simultaneous bilingualism. It aims to find cognitive explanations for the presence or absence of cross-linguistic structures that go beyond the debate of ‘one system or two’. The contributors present syntactic morphological and phonological features that are found in bilingual children but are untypical of monolingual development and discuss pertinent methodological issues. The orientation of this volume stands out from competing volumes in the field in that the focus is not limited to similarities between monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition. The volume will be of interest to researchers in the field of bilingualism and primary language acquisition language theorists and professionals working with bilingual populations. <br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

This book investigates two elliptical coordinations in German Right Node Raising and Gapping. Ellipsis in both constructions is claimed to be the result of a phonological process which is conditioned by prosodic and focus semantic constraints. It is convincingly argued that Right Node Raising cannot involve raising to the right periphery: The alleged movement freely violates any of the well-known restrictions on syntactic movement and it does not alter the scope relations within the coordination. Gapping in contrast is more sensitive to syntactic conditions in that its remnants must be major syntactic constituents. The author carefully examines the close connection between focus and ellipsis in the two constructions. A considered discussion of focus structure demonstrates that the conjuncts are informationally dependent on each other. This co-dependence is also reflected in their particular intonational contour which is argued to be responsible for ellipsis in coordination.

Textual Parameters in Older Languages takes a contemporary approach to the inherent limitations of using older texts as data for linguistic analysis drawing on methods of text analysis pragmatics and sociolinguistics to supplement traditional historical and philological methods. The focus of the book is on the importance of controlling for textual parameters-defined by the editors as dimensions of variation associated with texts and their production including text type degree of poeticality orality and dialect-in the analysis of older language data. Failure to do so can result in invalid generalizations; recognizing the influence of textual parameters conversely raises a myriad of issues for the practice and theory of historical linguistics.

The 12 essays in this collection apply this approach in analyses of anaphora non-finite verbal forms particles punctuation word order and other phenomena in a wide range of languages including Ancient Tamil Sanskrit Latin Heian Japanese Medieval Greek Old French Old Russian Middle English and Modern Danish. An in-depth introduction by the editors lays out the goals of the textual parameters approach and considers the methodological and theoretical consequences of the evidence presented in the book as a whole.