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As a typical interface phenomenon clitics have become increasingly important in linguistic theory during the last decade. The present book contributes to the recent discussion and first provides a comprehensive overview of clitic sequencing clitic placement and clitic doubling in the major Romance languages. In addition new data from a northern Italian dialect are introduced. The author then gives a critical summary of the current morphological analyses of clitic phenomena. She also discusses recent Optimality-theoretical analyses of clitic combinations and clitic placement and shows how these analyses can be improved upon when we also consider a morphological treatment of clitics. This book provides innovative solutions to clitic phenomena within the framework of a constraint-based morphological theory and will be of interest not only to morphologists syntacticians and those working on the grammar of Romance languages but also to linguists who are interested in the organisation of the grammar and the lexicon.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>

In this book members of the ChiLPA Project explore the children’s literature of several different cultures ranging from ancient India nineteenth century Russia and the Soviet Union to twentieth century Britain America Australia Sweden and Finland. The research covers not only the form and content of books for children but also their potential social functions especially within education. These two perspectives are brought together within a theory of children’s literature as one among other forms of communication an approach that sees the role of literary scholars critics and teachers as one of mediation. Part I deals with the way children’s writers and picturebook-makers draw on a culture’s available resources of orality literacy intertextuality and image. Part II examines their negotiation of major issues such as the child adult distinction gender politics and the Holocaust. Part III discusses children’s books as used within language education programmes with particular attention to young readers’ pragmatic processing of differences between the context of writing and their own context of reading.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/><br/>

Second language learners differ in how successfully they adapt to and profit from instruction. This book aims to show that adaptation to L2 instruction and subsequent L2 learning is a result of the interaction between learner characteristics and learning contexts. Describing and explaining these interactions is fundamentally important to theories of instructed SLA and for effective L2 pedagogy. This collection is the first to explore this important issue in contemporary task-based immersion and communicative pedagogic settings. In the first section leading experts in individual differences research describe recent advances in theories of intelligence L2 aptitude motivation anxiety and emotion and the relationship of native language abilities to L2 learning. In the second section these theoretical insights are applied to empirical studies of individual differences-treatment interactions in classroom learning experimental studies of the effects of focus on form and incidental learning and studies of naturalistic versus instructed SLA.

Teenage talk is fascinating though so far teenage language has not been given the attention in linguistic research that it merits. The dearth of investigations into teenage language is due in part to under representation in language corpora. With the Bergen Corpus of London Teenage Language (COLT) a large corpus of teenage language has become available for research. The first part of Trends in Teenage Talk gives a description how the COLT corpus was collected and processed; the speakers are presented with special emphasis on the recruits and their various backgrounds; ending with a description what the COLT teenagers talk about and how they do it. The second part of the book is devoted to the most prominent features of the teenagers’ talk: ‘slanguage’; how reported speech is manifested; a survey of non-standard grammatical features; the use of intensifiers; tags; and interactional behaviour in terms of conflict talk.

This study provides a consistent description and explanation of the syntax the semantics and the pragmatics of Spanish mood.

A major focus of attention is the central role of the truthfunctional categories of realis potentialis and irrealis as parameters relevant to mood selection in both subordinate and non-subordinate clauses. Furthermore a proposal is offered for a new typology of clause-embedding predicates. The framework chosen stems from the insight that complement-taking predicates share the property of providing information on the set of mental processes which characterize intentional human behavior.

At the level of pragmatic analysis mood selection is examined from a variety of angles. Thus specific research is conducted within the framework of speech act theory relevance theory politeness theory and the theory of Gricean maxims.

The present volume unites 15 papers on reported discourse from a wide genetic and geographical variety of languages. Besides the treatment of traditional problems of reported discourse like the classification of its intermediate categories the book reflects in particular how its grammatical semantic and pragmatic properties have repercussions in other linguistic domains like tense-aspect-modality evidentiality reference tracking and pronominal categories and the grammaticalization history of quotative constructions.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>Almost all papers present a major shift away from analyzing reported discourse with the help of abstract transformational principles toward embedding it in functional and pragmatic aspects of language.<br/>Another central methodological approach pervading this collection consists in the discourse-oriented examination of reported discourse based on large corpora of spoken or written texts which is increasingly replacing analyses of constructed de-contextualized utterances prevalent in many earlier treatments.<br/>The book closes with a comprehensive bibliography on reported discourse of about 1.000 entries.

This brief monograph explores the historical motivations for two sets of phonological changes in some varieties of Romance: restructured voicing of intervocalic /p t k/ and palatalization of initial /l/ and /n/. These developments have been treated repeatedly over the decades yet neither has enjoyed a satisfactory solution. This book attempts to demonstrate that both outcomes are ultimately attributable to the loss of early pan-Romance consonant gemination.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/>This study is of interest not only to the language-specific field of historical Romance linguistics but also to general historical linguistics. The central problems examined here constitute classic cases of questions that cannot be answered by confining analysis solely to the individual languages under investigation. The passage of time the indirect nature of fragmentary and accidental documentation and the nature of the changes themselves conspire to deny access to the most essential facts. However comparison of closely cognate languages now undergoing change supplies a perspective for discerning conditions that may ultimately lead to states achieved in the distant past by the languages under investigation.

The concept of Pedagogical Norm is grounded in both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic principles. Pedagogical norms guide the selection and sequencing of target language features for language teaching and learning. This book both situates and expands on this concept highlighting the interaction of research and pedagogy. The papers collectively illustrate how the concept of pedagogical norm applies to all components of language including phonology morphology syntax and discourse. The book begins with a discussion of definitions including papers that trace the history of the concept and define what is meant by norms. Also included are papers that apply the concept of pedagogical norms in specific contexts (e.g. intonation morphology) and to specific languages. Finally pedagogical norms are extended beyond the more traditional areas of grammatical competence to such disparate areas as listening discourse and circumlocution.

This book argues for a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the language of judges with respect to the issue of gender discrimination. Drawing its inspiration from Dell Hymes' socially constituted linguistics the author examines the language of the judicial opinions of four U.S. Supreme Court cases addressing social and legal discrimination against women. Through a linguistic analysis that is informed by a Foucauldian and feminist perspective this book addresses the complex issues of the power of judges and ideologies the politics of language use and feminist contributions to the subject of discrimination and women's rights. This book is most suitable for researchers and students in cultural studies ethnography feminist legal studies forensic linguistics gender studies ideology research pragmatics semiotics and social studies.

Advances in temporal databases make it increasingly easier to store time-dependent information creating a need for facilities that will help end-users access this information. In the context of natural language interaction significant effort has been devoted to interfaces that allow database queries to be formulated in natural language. Most of the existing interfaces however do not support adequately the notion of time. Drawing upon tense and aspect theories temporal logics and temporal databases this cross-discipline book examines relevant issues from the three areas developing a unified theoretical framework that can be used to build natural language interfaces to temporal databases. The framework features an HPSG mapping from English to a formally defined meaning representation language and a corresponding mapping to a temporal extension of the SQL database language. The book is accompanied by a freely available prototype interface built according to the framework and implemented using Prolog and ALE. This is the first in-depth exploration of the notion of time in natural language database interfaces. It will be particularly interesting to researchers working on natural language interaction tense and aspect HPSG temporal logics and temporal databases especially those who wish to learn about time-related issues in other disciplines.<br xmlns="http://pub2web.metastore.ingenta.com/ns/"/><br/>